What is the secret recipe for farming eels in rural areas?

[edit paragraph] Name The eel (Monopterus albus) belongs to the order Hoplophila, family Hoplophila, genus eel. It is also known as eel, quail, Luo eel, snakefish .　

Synbranchiformes (Synbranchiformes) about 15 species of elongated eel-shaped fish. China's distribution of two kinds, one that is the common eel, and one for the mountain eel (Monopterus cucha (Hamilton)) is currently only in Yunnan Longchuan County has a distribution, the rest of the country is not distributed. It is not related to the eel order (Anguilliformes), but close to the perch order (Perciformes). It is found in tropical freshwater or brackish freshwater. The body is about 20.70 centimeters (8.28 inches) long, scale-free or with very small scales, the dorsal and anal fins are very low and continuous around the caudal end, and the gills usually have an external gill pore only at the throat. In some species the gills themselves are very small, and respiration is dependent on oxygen inhaled through the mucous membranes of the throat or intestines. It is a valuable food fish in the East and is often stocked in ponds or rice paddies.

Eel (Monopterus alba): Scaly, in shallow water can erect the front part of the body, with the mouth to the surface of the breath, the air stored in the mouth and throat, so appear to be swollen throat. Widely distributed in southeastern Asia, widespread freshwater food fish, except for the Northwest Plateau, produced everywhere, inhabiting ponds, streams, rice paddies, etc., often lurking in mud holes or rock crevices. It comes out at night to forage for food. Reproduction is more special, female when young, after reproducing once, transformed into male, this phenomenon of female and male transformation is called sex reversal phenomenon. [edit]Characteristics The body is elongated and serpentine, rounded in front and laterally compressed at the back, with a pointed and thin tail. The head is long and rounded. The mouth is large, terminal, with a slightly protruding upper jaw and rather developed lips. The upper and lower jaws and muzzle bones are finely toothed. Eyes small, covered by a thin skin. The left and right gill pores are united on the ventral surface in a "V" shape. The gill membrane is attached to the gill isthmus. Body surface generally lubricated with fluid to facilitate escape, scale-free. Pectoral and ventral fins are absent; dorsal and anal fins are reduced to mere folds of skin, with no soft spines, all united with the caudal fin. The body is mostly yellow-brown, yellowish or orange, with dark gray spots, but also a few eels are white, commonly known as "white eel" [edit paragraph] Habitat Eels are tropical and warm temperate fish, benthic fish, adaptable, in the rivers, lakes, ditches and rice paddies can survive. In the daytime, it likes to drill holes in the humus silt or live in the stone gap in the embankment with water. Rarely active during the day, night out of the cave for food. Gills are not developed, but with the oral cavity and the laryngeal cavity of the inner wall of the epidermis as a respiratory auxiliary organs, can breathe air directly; in the water is very poor in oxygen, can also survive. Out of the water, as long as the skin is kept moist, within a few days will not die. Eel is to a variety of small animals for food omnivorous fish, sex greedy, summer feeding is the most exuberant, cold season can be a long time without food, but not to death.

The reproductive season of the eel is about June-August, in its individual development, with the characteristics of male and female sex reversal, that is, from the embryonic stage to the first sexual maturity are female (i.e., body length of 35 centimeters below the body of the individual's gonads all ovaries); spawning ovaries gradually become spermatic ovaries; body length of 36-48 centimeters, part of the sex reversal, male and female individuals are almost equal; growth to 53 centimeters or more are more The spermatheca is the spermatheca. Juveniles can only grow to 20 centimeters in the current year, and females reach maturity at two winters of age, with a body length of at least 34 centimeters. The largest individual can reach 70 centimeters and weigh 1.5 kilograms. Eel spawning in its burrow near the mouth of the hole, spawning before the mouth spit foam pile into a nest, fertilized eggs in the foam with the help of the buoyancy of the foam, on the surface of the water to develop, both male and female fish have the habit of protecting the nest.

The eel's body is cylindrical, suitable for cave life, in and out of the cave, reducing friction is very favorable. It really is a bit of "hermit" temperament, no special attack skills, no strong defense weapons, the only skill is "36 plans, escape as the best plan". It has neither pectoral fins nor ventral fins, and its dorsal and anal fins have been degraded to the point that only a little skin folds are left, and the scales have disappeared to the point that they are hard to see with the naked eye. However, the whole body can secrete a very oily mucus, not careful, it can be from your hands to slip away. Eel body mucus, the main function is: to prevent bacteria, germs infested body, reduce disease; to prevent parasitic animals and plants of the discipline entanglement, favorable growth; oily and slippery, in favor of it in the mud pass unimpeded.

The eel embryo is female when it develops into its first sexual maturity, but it becomes male when it starts its second sexual maturity. This means that the eel is both mother and father throughout its life. This process of yin and yang transformation is called sex reversal in biology.

Fish mostly use gills to breathe, but the eel is unique, its gills degraded, by the surface of the larynx microvessels directly absorb air, so we want to make the eel alive, must keep it moist, stored in a cool place. [edit] Distribution in southeastern Asia, China, except for the western plateau, the country's waters are produced this fish. Overseas it reaches western Korea, southern Japan, the Philippines, Java and Burma.

The eel is widely distributed in lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, ditches and other bodies of water throughout the country. It has been recorded in all regions except the Northwest Plateau region, especially the Pearl River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, which are the regions that are rich in yellow eels. Eels in foreign countries are mainly distributed in Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines and other places, India, Japan, North Korea also produces eels [edit this paragraph] Value Eel meat is tender and fresh. Nutritional value is very high. Eel is rich in DHA and lecithin, which constitutes the main component of the cell membrane of human organs and tissues, and is indispensable nutrition for brain cells. According to the U.S. experimental research data, regular intake of lecithin, memory can be improved by 20%. Therefore, the consumption of eel meat has the effect of tonic brain fitness. It contains a special substance "eelin", can lower blood sugar and regulate blood sugar, diabetes has a good therapeutic effect, coupled with very little fat, and therefore is the ideal food for diabetics. The amount of vitamin A contained in eel is amazingly high. Vitamin A can enhance vision and promote the metabolism of the skin membrane. Every 1 hundred grams of eel meat in the protein content of 17.2-18.8 grams, 0.9-1.2 grams of fat, calcium 38 mg, phosphorus 150 mg, iron 1.6 mg; in addition also contains thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (vitamin PP), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and other vitamins. Eel is not only used as a famous dish to entertain guests, in recent years, live exports, best-selling foreign countries, more frozen eels are exported to the Americas and other places. Eels are produced throughout the year, but the latter before the summer is the most fertile, folk "summer eel race ginseng," said.

Nutritional Analysis

1. Eel is rich in DHA and lecithin, which is the main component of cell membranes of human organs and tissues, and is an indispensable nutrient for brain cells;

2. Eel is rich in eelin, which reduces blood glucose and regulates blood glucose, and contains very little fat, which is an ideal food for diabetic patients. Eel is an ideal food for diabetic patients;

3. Eel is rich in vitamin A, which can improve eyesight and promote the metabolism of the skin membrane.

Medicinal

Eel is not only a delicacy, its meat, blood, head and skin have certain medicinal value. According to the Compendium of Materia Medica, eel has the effect of tonifying blood, replenishing qi, reducing inflammation, disinfecting and removing rheumatism. Eel meat is sweet, warm, there is a tonic blood, the effect of treating deficiency, folk used in medicine, can be used to treat the deficiency of cough, dampness and heat body itching, intestinal wind hemorrhoid leakage, deafness and other diseases. Eel head calcined gray, fasting warm wine to serve, can cure women's breast core hard pain. Its bones into medicine, polycarbonate sores, the efficacy is quite remarkable. Its blood drops into the ear, can cure chronic suppurative otitis media; drops into the nose can cure epistaxis (nosebleed); especially when used externally can cure crooked eyes and mouth, facial nerve paralysis. Some people say "eel is eye medicine", and those who suffered from eye diseases in the past know the benefits of eating eel. Eating eel has a strong tonic function, especially for the weak, sick and postpartum people more obvious. Its blood can also cure the distortion of the mouth and eyes. According to the motherland medicine, it has the health care function of tonifying qi and nourishing blood, warming the yang and strengthening the spleen, nourishing the liver and kidneys, and dispelling wind and collaterals.

Eel serum is poisonous, but the toxin is not heat-resistant, can be destroyed by gastric juice and heating, generally cooked and eaten without poisoning. Folk eel blood treatment, whether the role of the toxins in the blood, yet to be studied in depth.

The blood of eel is poisonous, accidentally eaten will have an irritating effect on the human oral cavity, digestive tract mucosa, serious damage to the human nervous system, so that people numbness of the limbs, respiratory and circulatory failure and death.

Attributive meridian: liver; spleen; kidney meridian

Chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine: each 100g of edible part contains 80g of water, 18.8g of protein, 0.9g of fat, 1g of ash, 38mg of calcium, 150mg of phosphorus, 1.6mg of iron.

Effects: benefiting the qi and blood; tonifying the liver and kidney; strengthening the tendons and bones; dispelling wind-dampness

Adjunctive treatment: deficiency labors; chancre; impotence; Lumbago; lumbar and knee pain; wind-cold paralysis; postpartum drenching; long diarrhea pus and blood; hemorrhoidal fistula; Polycarbonates

Ecology: for the bottom of the life of the fish, preferring to inhabit in the rivers, lakes, ditches and rice paddies in the phenomenon of sexual reversal. It is a ferocious carnivorous fish that preys on all kinds of small animals.

Harvesting and storage:

Catching eels can be done by fishing, netting, caging, and drying ponds. More fresh food or processed into dried fish, canned food and so on.

Selection: ① increase strength: bear tendons, tiger bones, angelica, ginseng and other points. For not, wine steamed eel, take the meat pounded for nine. Every day on an empty stomach, sprinkle down two or so. ("Benjing Feng Yuan" vigorously pill) ② treatment of chronic dysentery deficiency, pus and blood: eel a, brown sugar three money (fried). The eel to remove the belly miscellaneous, to the new tile roasted wither, and sugar research not, boiled water and swallowed. ("Yunnan traditional Chinese medicine prescription") ③ treatment of bleeding hemorrhoids: eel cooking. ("People's Food Therapy")

Contraindications: Caution is advised in the case of deficiency heat and exogenous diseases.

Efficacy classification: tonic; expectorant of wind-dampness

Taste: sweet; warm

Use and dosage: internal - boiled, 100-250g; or pounded meat into pills; or powdered.

External use - appropriate amount, dissected pieces of compresses.

Examination

From "Lei Gong Gun Zhi Lun".

1. "Gleanings from the Materia Medica": eel, in summer months in shallow water as a cave, like a snake, winter hibernation and summer out, it is advisable to eat.

2. "Shu Ben Cao": "Tu Jing" cloud, eel, like eel fish and long and thin, but also like a snake without scales, green and yellow color, born in the mud grottoes on the water bank, where there are.

3. Diffractions of the Materia Medica: eel, yellow under the belly, the world called the yellow eel. There are also white eels, slightly thick, white color, both without scales. The big one is more than a foot long, its shape is like a snake, but can not walk on land, but all move the wind.

4. "Materia Medica seeks the original": eel has two kinds of yellow and green, yellow commonly known as eel, green commonly known as vine eel, wind eel, sweet and warm small poison, good through the deep tam, winter cold cave began to get, the treatment of chancre dysentery, lumbar back and feet wet wind, five hemorrhoids, intestinal wind, hemorrhages, bring down, yin sores. Pregnant women avoid. White eel, taste is also beautiful, but raw phlegm slippery essence. [Edit Paragraph] Related Legends Legend has it that, in ancient times, some Hercules, the reason why the strength is infinite, is because often eat eel's sake. In the old days, the person who walks the streets is commonly known as the seller of Hercules pills. In fact, the ancient medical science "Ben Jing Feng Yuan", there really is "Hercules pill" formula, one of the main drug is eel. Eel taste fresh and soft, and spiny meat thick, fine and tender, compared with other freshwater fish, can be said to be unique, if cooked properly, after eating can be unforgettable. A month before and after the summer eel is the most nourishing flavor, so there is a "summer eel race ginseng" said.

Factory farming of eels without soil is convenient for management and high yield

Factory farming of eels, change the traditional soil, outdoor aquaculture, for the soil, indoor and outdoor aquaculture, management is convenient for management, high yield and good benefits. Its production technology index is: every 1 square meter put the specification of 25-40 grams of eel seedling 2-2.5 kilograms, feeding full-price feed, after 4-5 months of feeding. With the current cost of raw materials, the production cost is 15--20 yuan/kg. Technical points are as follows:

Choose a place with clean water to build a pond Breeding ponds are divided into two kinds of outdoor and indoor, the area of each pond 2 - 20 square meters, the depth of the pond 0.5 meters, the pond with a cement plastered, the ridge is built with a width of 0.5 centimeters, equipped with a water reservoir. Requirements for breeding pool drainage and irrigation freely, the pool planted aquatic plants, covering 70% of the surface of the pool.

Select high-quality eel fry 2 - 2.kg / square meter put. Eel fry are best selected from artificially bred fry, and the fish are sterilized before placement. Injured and weakened fry cannot be used.

Feeding full-value compound feed Eel fry into the pool before the first domestication, and then feeding compound feed. Finished feed should be modulated before feeding, that is, in the finished feed with 25% of the fresh fish pulp, made into a diameter of 3 - 4 mm noodle-like bait. The feeding amount is 1% - 2% of the eel's body weight. Eels have feeding inertia, when it forms a habit of a certain bait, do not casually replace, otherwise it will seriously affect the growth of eels.

Strengthen the daily management Keep running water for 10 hours a day, and at the same time often pay attention to sewage, rodent-proof, anti-manifestation of the pool.

Pay attention to the prevention and treatment of diseases and illnesses. Apply insecticides and fungicides regularly in the pool to eliminate dead and diseased eels. If you use wild eel seedling, because of the high rate of early infection, so more should be dewormed before releasing the seedling. You can use "Wanlong No. 1" or "Anhui No. 3" drug deworming. [Edit paragraph] Breeding technology I. Overview

The eel is also known as the eel, long fish and so on. Fast growth rate, generally a month can grow 10 centimeters, 9 months body length of up to 300 grams, that is, up to commercial fish specifications. The eel is especially adapted to rural artificial culture, is a good way to farmers to get rich.

The eel is a warm animal, as long as the water temperature is 10-32 ℃, all year round can be stocked. Stocked eels require healthy body, swimming lively, no disease, no disability, size can be. Because eels have big bully small, strong bully weak and in the lack of food in the case of mutual biting and mutilation phenomenon, therefore, the same pool of eels should be basically the same specifications. General weight in 100-350 grams or more, can be placed in the pool to be sold at any time; weight in 50 grams or more, can be placed in the pool, the year can grow to commercial specifications; 50 grams or less, can be placed in the seedling pool, the year can be grown to more than 50 grams, can be raised for the next year, the eel can be provided to provide a large specification of eel species. Stocking density should be flexible according to the stocking specifications and feeding conditions, generally 1-5 kg per square meter of water.

1. Farming eels need to pay attention to the environment

Select sufficient water, four seasons of the sunrise place, in the water quality, is the breeding of eels, the key technology, fixed to change the water diligently, to maintain good water quality, spring and fall 3-5 days to change the water once in the summer 1-2 days to change the water once in the water depth of not less than 10 centimeters, the injection of the water temperature can not be more than 5 degrees Celsius, so as to avoid the death of the temperature plummet caused by the death.

2. Build eel pond

Build eel pond, to choose the terrain is a little high, drainage and irrigation is convenient place to build pools, to small-scale, area of 5-20 square meters, or 30-60 square meters, pool depth of 80-100 cm. Pool shape should be according to the east-west direction, in order to prevent the escape can be another pool edge, surrounded by 30-50 cm above the ground, in the hard soil can be built without masonry, if in the soft soil at the construction of the pool should be masonry paving bottom masonry wall cement hook joints. The bottom of the pool pad after exposure to loose hard moderate soil 30-60 centimeters, easy for eels to lurk in holes, close to the water source to dig a water inlet, in the opposite side of the lower end of the parallel bottom of the water to stay in a drain, rows of water inlet to have a fish netting, to prevent the escape of eels. Pool surface 1/3 of the water surface can be moderately planted wild rice, water peanuts, artemisia and other aquatic plants for eel shelter, shade to improve the environment of the fish pond.

Because eels can breathe oxygen directly in the air, often need to put their heads out of the water. Therefore, the fresh fish pool water level should be shallow. The water level should be according to the eel specifications, the water level of the seedling pool should be shallow, generally 10 -20 cm. Adult pool can be deeper, generally 30-40 centimeters. The water level of the pool to be sold can be shallower eel oxygen consumption is high, like fresh water quality. Therefore, new water should be flushed frequently. General winter water change 1-2 times a month, spring and fall water change once a week, every 1-3 days in summer water change once, each time the amount of water change in 20-50%, there are conditions in the eel pool can be formed in the micro-flow water. In the hot season, should increase the number of water changes, or in the pool on the frame planting loofah, grapes, in order to prevent sun exposure and cooling and heat. Larger and deeper eel pond, can be mixed with a small amount of tilapia, carp, crucian carp, loach and other omnivorous fish, can play a role in removing residual bait feces, purify the water quality.

Preparing eels into the pool before, can be applied a small amount of fermented organic fertilizer, in order to propagate mosquito larvae, silk earthworms, aquatic insects and other aquatic animals, or in the pool put snail or loach, etc., any of its reproduction, to provide live bait for fresh fish. Where possible, black lights can be set up in the pool to lure insects into the pool.

II. Artificial culture of eel technical measures

1. stocking eel species and eel selection and placement

Select robust, smooth body surface, strong activity, the size of the same eel. The general requirements of the weight of 20 grams per tail is appropriate, if you put each tail 30-50 grams of large-size eels, the survival rate is high, fast weight gain, high yield. Seedlings are from wild young eels caught in cages, can also be purchased from the market, but injured skin, broken tail eel to be removed, but also can be artificially bred seedling. Early spring is good for stocking. The first time I saw this, I was able to get a good look at it, and I was able to see it. Stocking amount is generally 1.5-3 kilograms per square meter, good conditions can be put into 5-6 kilograms. In short, stocking specifications, density is small, and vice versa, is correspondingly large, and stocking should pay attention to fish disinfection before, the water temperature difference should not be too large.

2. Baiting and management

Eel to meat-based, artificial feeding available earthworms, small fish and shrimp, snails and mussels, etc., but also with the feeding of some of the rice bran, soybean cake and other protein content of the plant feed, corruption and deterioration of the feed can not be fed. Feeding bait after 1-2 days of short-term acclimatization can be baiting, general baiting once a day, feeding should be carried out in the evening; can also be gradually early feeding time, domestication of its daytime feeding. In the morning at 8 o'clock, 4-5 o'clock in the afternoon each bait 1 time. The daily feeding amount is 3-5% of the total weight of the eel body, and the feeding amount in June-August is 6-7% of the total weight; the amount of bait should be increased or decreased according to the water temperature, bait quality, and water quality conditions. Feeding volume with the eel body increase and increase, in the growth of the temperature should be more casting hard casting, 15 ℃, 10 ℃ below to stop feeding, require the feed into the food table, easy to grasp the amount of food and remove the residual bait.

The eel is mainly feeding on animal bait, preferring fresh bait, such as various insects and their larvae, earthworms, small fish and shrimp, silkworm pupae, fly maggots, snails, mussels and clams, large zooplankton, livestock and poultry offal and tadpoles, etc. The eel should be kept alive for a long time, so that it can be used as a food source. The bait should be fresh and not rotten, where animal bait is insufficient, part of the plant bait can be fed, such as soybean cake, bran or corn meal, etc. The above plant bait is mixed with minced fish and shrimp minced meat to form a wet mass (in the water can be a longer period of time does not fall apart) and then fed. Larger baits should be chopped or hung in the pool and left to tear and eat. Hard-shelled baits such as snails, mussels and clams should have their shells smashed before feeding. Bait should be fed at regular intervals, with 2-8 feeding points in each pool. The suitable water temperature for eel feeding is 15-30℃, and there is the habit of day and night to ask for bait. If you cover the fish pond with plastic film trellis in winter or use other warming and insulation measures to maintain a suitable water temperature, eels can feed and grow throughout the year, thus greatly shortening the incubation period, reducing costs and improving production and efficiency. Before baiting, you should remove the residual bait so as not to affect the water quality.

3. Preventing escape

Thunderstorms and hot weather, low air pressure, lack of oxygen in the water, eels can be seen out of the hole, the front of the body vertical, the head out of the water, at this time to pay attention to the filling of new water. Rainy days, but also pay attention to whether the overflow is smooth, stop the fish net is solid, in order to prevent eels from escaping. The edge of the pool can not have grass rope, stick extension outside the pool, so the rainy day eels are most likely to escape along the water. Eel pool pool small shallow, in the filling of new water, to prevent water overflow fish escape. Fish pool water surface should be controlled at the edge of the pool below 20 centimeters, always check the inlet and outlet door of the fish netting and the solidity of the pool wall. Especially in the lack of food, thunderstorms, rainy weather or water quality deterioration, eels are most likely to escape, this time more attention should be paid to escape prevention work. In addition, should guard against ducks, rats, cats and other hostile eels.

4. Sieve fish

Eel species are very competitive, the same specifications under the pool of fish, after a period of feeding, the specifications will be uneven, in the long run is not conducive to the improvement of production. Therefore, in the eel growth period, should be every 1 month or so, the pool of eels all caught out, after screening, will be large, medium and small size eel pool rearing. Before the end of the growth period in the fall, all the fish should be caught out, the fish have reached commercial specifications into the pool to be sold, the rest of the different specifications of the fish, according to the next year's production needs to be stocked in the pool. In this way, the eel species after a winter of adaptation, next year can be earlier into the peak growth stage.