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Heidelberg (-{Heidelberg}-) is a city in Baden-Wü rttemberg, Germany, between Stuttgart and Frankfurt. In 2002, the urban area of Fiona Fang was 109 square kilometers, and the population was140,000. Heidelberg is located on the Neckar River. Here, Neckar flows from the narrow and steep Odenwald Valley to the Rhine Valley and joins the Rhine River in Mannheim, 20 kilometers northwest of Heidelberg. The famous Heidelberg Castle is located on Mount Tours, Knies, 200 meters high in Neckar, overlooking the long and narrow old town of Heidelberg. The famous poet Goethe once strolled in the park around the castle. Heidelberg is a dynamic mixture of tradition and modernity. In the past, it used to be the center of science and art, but now Heidelberg continues this tradition and has established many research centers in and around the city. Heidelberg is not only a proud medieval castle, but also one of the oldest educational institutions in Europe-Heidelberg University. There is also the world-famous European Sinology Center. ] Famous thinkers who have studied and worked in Heidelberg University include Hegel, Hans-Georg Gadamer, sociologist Habermas and discourse philosopher Karl-Otto Appel. The most important student in Heidelberg University is Karl Dries, who invented the bicycle in 18 17. Heidelberg (hī' dlbrkh), the city (1994 pop. 139,430), located in Baden-Wü rttemberg, southwest Germany, is picturesque and located on the Neckar River. Manufacturing includes machinery, precision instruments, leather products, tobacco and wood products. However, the most important thing for Heidelberg is tourism. This trade is mainly concentrated in Heidelberg Castle, attracting millions of tourists every year. Heidelberg was first mentioned at 12. In 1225, it was acquired by Count Palace of the Rhine, and it was the residence of Emperor Elector of palatine until 1720. Ruprecht-Karl-universit was founded by the elector Rupert I on 1386, and it is the oldest German-speaking university after Prague and Vienna. It became a fortress of the Reformation in 16. After the Thirty Years' War (1618–48), it declined, but it recovered after the French Revolutionary War and became the leading university in Germany in the19th century. /kloc-The student life in Heidelberg in the 0/9th century, with duels, songs and romance, has been widely known. The professors in this university include the famous theologian, chemist R.W. Benson and sociologist Max Weber. Since 1952, this city has been the headquarters of the US Army in Europe. Heidelberg is famous for its dilapidated castles (mainly built in16th century and17th century). ), most of them were destroyed by the French army in the late period of 17 cent. In the cellar of the castle, there is Heidelberg barrel, a huge barrel with a capacity of about 58,080 gallons (2,200 hectoliters). Other attractions in Heidelberg include the City Hall (1701–03) and Philosophenweg (Road of Philosophers), which overlooks the city. Heidelberg's catechism is a belief of the German Reformed (Calvinist) Church, which was drafted at the request of the elector Frederick III and published in 1563. It gained a wide reputation and passed several reformed churches.