China traditional culture ceramics 300 words.

Appreciation of Ancient Ceramics in China

In the international community, China means both China and ceramics, which clearly shows that China is the "hometown of ceramics" and ceramics is the symbol of China. Indeed, a history of Chinese ceramics is a vivid history of China and a vivid history of China's national culture. However, in the endless history, wind and rain always beat the wind and rain; Great waves wash sand, and cultural relics of all ages have become the most precious cultural heritage of mankind and will be passed down from generation to generation. Nowadays, many ancient kiln sites have been protected, but most of them are still in a natural state, which is very serious and worrying. Ceramics is one of the important core cultures of the Chinese nation. We have the responsibility and obligation to attach importance to it, carry it forward and let future generations know where the "China" came from.

Paper Keywords: development history and development prospect of ceramics 1: Introduction to ceramics

Ceramics, as we all know, is the general term for pottery and porcelain. . China people invented pottery as early as about 8000-2000 BC (Neolithic Age). Ceramic materials are mainly oxides, nitrides, borides and carbides. Common ceramic materials are clay, alumina, kaolin and so on. Ceramic materials generally have high hardness, but poor plasticity. Besides the use of utensils and decorations, it also plays an important role in the development of science and technology.

Ceramics is one of the earliest art forms in human living space. From the initial practical purpose, with the progress of technology, the aesthetic function has been gradually increased, making it a handicraft integrating practicality and appreciation. Finally, ceramics got rid of the original intention of practicality and became a complete appreciation. Second, the development history of ceramics

The emergence and development of ceramics are actually closely related to people's life and production practice. About 700 thousand years ago, in primitive times, people found that soil became hard after drying and burning, and could be made into various shapes to hold water, put food and so on This is the beginning of pottery. The invention of pottery is an important process of human civilization. It opens a new page for human beings to use, transform and fight against nature, which is of great historical significance and a milestone in the history of human production and development. Here is a detailed analysis of the development history of ceramics.

1 Ceramic Culture in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties

Pottery pieces and pots unearthed from Yin Ruins in Shang Dynasty include many styles, including gray pottery, black pottery, red pottery, painted pottery, white pottery and glazed hard pottery. The decorative patterns, symbols and characters on these pottery are closely related to Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Shang celadon. The cost of celadon is so high that only the nobles can enjoy it, and the general public can only use pottery for their daily necessities. Therefore, it can be understood that the pottery-making technology of the Shang Dynasty has also been generally developed. During this period, hard pottery with glaze appeared, with green glaze, brownish yellow, hard fetal quality and gray white.

At this time, pottery is no longer limited to containers, but has a wide range of applications, which can be roughly divided into daily necessities, buildings, martyrs and sacrificial vessels. The imperial court also attached great importance to pottery making. 2. Ceramic culture in Qin and Han Dynasties

During the Qin and Han dynasties, most ancient buildings were wooden structures, which were difficult to preserve for a long time. Therefore, some great buildings, such as Afang Palace in Qin Dynasty and Weiyang Palace in Han Dynasty, can not be completely preserved, but they can still be found in the remaining relics, such as tiles and Han bricks, so as to get a glimpse of the scale of ancient buildings. 3. Ceramic culture in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

In 589 AD, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty usurped the Northern Zhou Dynasty, annexed Nanchen, unified the Central Plains and changed the name of Sui. Although the Sui Dynasty was short-lived, there was a new breakthrough in porcelain firing, not only celadon firing, but also white porcelain developed well. At this time, there are also innovations in decorative techniques, such as another piece of mud-decal paper on utensils, which is an example.

4. Ceramic culture in Tang Dynasty

Only in the Tang Dynasty can porcelain-making be transformed into a mature state and enter the real porcelain-making era. Because the distinction between ceramics depends on whether it is white, hard or translucent, and the biggest key is the firing temperature. Although there were porcelains in the Han Dynasty, the temperature was not high and the texture was fragile, so they could only be regarded as original porcelains. But in the Tang Dynasty, not only the glaze color was mature, but also the firing temperature could reach 1000 degrees Celsius, so we say that the Tang Dynasty was the era when porcelain really entered. The most famous kilns in Tang Dynasty are Yue Kiln and Xing Kiln. 5. Ceramic culture in Yuan Dynasty

In 9 1 year after the Yuan Dynasty entered the Central Plains, the porcelain industry declined compared with the Song Dynasty. However, there were also new developments in this period, such as the rise of blue and white and glaze red, the popularity of a large number of colored porcelain, and white porcelain became the mainstream of porcelain, which promoted the development of porcelain in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and made great achievements. 6. Ceramic culture in Ming Dynasty

China's ceramic art entered a new journey in the Ming Dynasty. Before the Ming Dynasty, celadon was the main product. After the Ming Dynasty, white porcelain, especially blue and white porcelain, became the main product in the Ming Dynasty, and Jingdezhen became the largest kiln factory, which lasted for five or six hundred years.

Since the Ming Dynasty, kiln sites tend to be concentrated in Jingdezhen, and both official kilns and folk kilns tend to be colored porcelain. Song porcelain used to be dominated by monochromatic glaze, and entered the world of colored porcelain after the Ming Dynasty. 7. Ceramic culture in Qing Dynasty

China porcelain reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty. Thousands of years' experience, together with Jingdezhen's natural raw materials and the management of pottery officials, as well as the three generations of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong in the early Qing Dynasty, due to political stability and economic prosperity, the emperor's attention to porcelain, the emperor's hobbies and advocacy, made the porcelain in the early Qing Dynasty superb in craftsmanship, exquisite decoration and extraordinary achievements, which was the most brilliant in the long history of China ceramics.

Judging from the development of ceramics in the above periods, it is brilliant. Beauty comes from life. Pottery makers indirectly express people's thoughts and feelings from the perspective of expressing life, or directly describe the customs and styles of real life.

Iii. Development prospect of ceramic industry (way out) 1: From the perspective of ceramics itself.

In order to make ceramic art survive and get rich and colorful in today's society, we must first realize the transformation from traditional ceramics to modern ceramics. In ceramic art works, the use of materials is very important, which can directly feel the strength of the works and the aesthetic space of the internal structure. From the traditional materials, we can see that the traditional decorations such as blue and white, pastel and antique have formed the unique style of Jingdezhen traditional ceramic art, which determines the uniqueness of its theme style. It bears the changes of an era and brings long-term love and care to the world with its own language paradigm.

Modern ceramic creation, with special emphasis on the freedom and individuality of the subject spirit. The cultivation and formation of ceramic artistic personality, like other arts, has a process of accumulation and sublimation, including the accumulation of life experience, cultural knowledge and talent, artistic foundation and artistic accomplishment, and technical and comprehensive skills. Focusing on the brilliant development history of ceramics, we can firmly believe that its prospect is optimistic. We should respect ceramic culture and protect it on this basis. Believe in ceramics, believe in China and believe in China.

refer to

(1) Liu Weilin, Value Connotation of Modern Ceramic Art, China Ceramics, 1994.

(2), on ceramic art, ceramic science and art under the contemporary aesthetic demand, 2004 (3) Shu, Thoughts on ceramic art and market, Jingdezhen ceramics, 1994 (4) The significance of Baidu Encyclopedia ceramics (5) A survey of China's knowledge resources.