Decarbonization of Low Carbon Industries

The fourth wave of global decarbonization is accelerating. In the process of human development, world civilization has experienced three waves, each with different connotations and characteristics. The first wave is agricultural civilization, realizing the rise of human farming civilization and leading to the brilliant development of agriculture; the second wave is industrial civilization, transforming from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization and bringing about the rapid development of industrialization; and the third wave is informatization, leading to the reform of informatization and the global entry into the era of knowledge economy. Following the wave of industrialization and informatization, the world will usher in the fourth wave, the wave of decarbonization.

Toward the era of decarbonization is a general trend. All along, mankind's reliance on carbon-based energy has led to excessive CO2 emissions, bringing about the greenhouse effect, which has a huge impact on the global environment, economy, and even human society, seriously jeopardizing the survival of mankind, which is even more frightening than the economic crisis. To solve the world's climate and environmental problems, decarbonization is a fundamental way, and also a necessary path for human development.　Decarbonization is a systematic project, and it is necessary to build a new system of low-carbon development from the perspective of the economy and society as a whole, focusing on seven aspects to achieve "decarbonization". Decarbonization of energy is to develop low-carbon alternative energy with less impact on the environment and climate. There are two main types of low-carbon energy: one is clean energy, such as nuclear power, natural gas, etc.; and the other is renewable energy, such as wind, solar and biomass. Nuclear energy, as a new type of energy, is characterized by high efficiency and non-pollution, making it a clean and high-quality energy source. Natural gas is a low-carbon energy source, with no waste residue or waste water generated after combustion, and has the advantages of safe use, high calorific value and cleanliness. Renewable energy is an energy resource that can be utilized in a sustainable manner, with far less pollution and greenhouse gas emissions to the environment than fossil energy, and can even achieve zero emissions. In particular, the use of wind and solar power generation is completely free of carbon emissions. By utilizing straw fuel in biomass energy to generate electricity, crops can reabsorb carbon emissions, which has a "carbon neutral" effect.

The development and utilization of new renewable energy sources is an important measure to protect the environment and address climate change. China is rich in renewable energy resources, with resource conditions and technical potential for large-scale development. We should focus on vigorously developing new energy sources such as wind energy, nuclear energy, solar energy and bio-energy, optimizing the energy structure and promoting the decarbonization of energy. Today's energy consumption in the transportation sector has doubled compared to 30 years ago, and the pollutants and greenhouse gases it emits account for 30% of the total emissions of society as a whole. In the face of the deteriorating climate and environment, the transportation sector must change its development mode, and the implementation of decarbonization of transportation is an inevitable trend. China in the implementation of transport decarbonization, the development of new energy vehicles and electric rail transit has now become a new highlight of the development of transport.

Actively developing new energy vehicles is an important way to decarbonize transportation. New energy vehicles mainly include hybrid vehicles, pure electric vehicles, hydrogen and fuel cell vehicles, ethanol-fueled vehicles, biodiesel vehicles, natural gas vehicles, dimethyl ether vehicles and other types. Efforts to develop electric rail transit is another important way to decarbonize transportation. Electric rail transit is a passenger transportation mode powered by electricity and using tracks as walking lines, which has become an ideal low-carbon transportation mode. Urban electric rail transportation is divided into urban electric railway, underground railway, monorail, guide rail, light rail, tram and other forms. The CO2 emitted from building energy consumption in countries around the world accounts for about 30%-40% of the total global emissions. China, as the world's number one construction country today, attaches great importance to the promotion of solar energy buildings and energy-saving buildings, and actively promotes the process of building decarbonization.

Solar buildings mainly utilize solar energy instead of conventional energy to provide a series of functions such as heating, hot water, air conditioning, lighting, ventilation, power and so on for buildings and residents through solar water heaters and photovoltaic sun roofs and other means. The design idea of solar building is to use solar energy to realize "zero energy consumption", all the energy supply required by the building comes from solar energy, and the conventional energy consumption is zero. Green design concepts for solar buildings is particularly important, the building should be designed from the beginning of the solar energy system is considered an integral part of the building, the solar energy exposed components and building facade for organic integration, to achieve solar energy and building materials integration.

Building energy efficiency is in the process of building planning, design, construction and use, through the application of renewable energy, the design of natural ventilation and lighting, the use of new building insulation materials, intelligent control, etc. to reduce building energy consumption, rational and effective use of energy activities. Building energy efficiency should introduce low-carbon concepts into the design, choose heat-insulating and thermal-insulating building materials, rationally design ventilation and lighting systems, choose energy-saving heating and cooling systems, and so on. China has always attached importance to the basic status of agriculture, and in the implementation of agricultural decarbonization, the main emphasis is on afforestation, water-saving agriculture, organic agriculture and other aspects.

Tree planting is the easiest and most effective way to decarbonize agriculture. According to scientific measurements, a mu of dense forest, generally can absorb 67 kilograms of carbon dioxide per day, put out 49 kilograms of oxygen, available for 65 people a day needs. We should vigorously plant trees and emphasize the cultivation of woodlands, especially the creation of biomass energy forests, to create more social benefits while absorbing carbon emissions and improving ecology.

Water-saving agriculture is to improve the effectiveness of water use of agriculture, but also water, soil crop resources integrated development and utilization of systematic engineering, through the water resources of spatial and temporal regulation, make full use of natural precipitation, the efficient use of irrigation water, as well as to improve the efficiency of the plant's own use of water in many ways, and effectively improve the utilization of water resources and production efficiency.

Organic agriculture takes ecological environmental protection and the production of safe agricultural products as its main purpose, drastically reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and mitigates the carbon content of agricultural development. Through the use of manure, compost or organic fertilizers to replace chemical fertilizers, to improve the soil organic matter content; the use of straw to increase soil nutrients, improve soil moisture retention conditions, improve soil productivity; the use of biological phytophthora to prevent and control pests and diseases, to reduce pesticides, especially high-residue pesticide use. Organic agriculture has become the development direction of new agriculture. Industrial decarbonization is the core content of the establishment of a decarbonized development system, and is the focus of the development of a society-wide circular economy. Industrial decarbonization is mainly to develop energy-saving industry, pay attention to green manufacturing and encourage circular economy.

Energy-saving industry includes three directions: industrial structure energy conservation, industrial technology energy conservation and industrial management energy conservation. By adjusting the industrial structure, the industrial structure is prompted to develop in the direction of energy saving and carbon reduction. Efforts are made to strengthen management, improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce pollution emissions. It focuses on technical energy conservation, research and development of energy-saving materials, renovation and elimination of backward production capacity, and rapid and effective realization of industrial energy conservation and emission reduction goals.

Green manufacturing is a modern manufacturing model that comprehensively considers the environmental impact and resource efficiency, and its goal is to minimize the impact on the environment and maximize resource utilization throughout the product life cycle from design, manufacturing, packaging, transportation, use to end-of-life disposal, so as to harmonize and optimize the enterprise's economic and social benefits.

Industrial decarbonization must develop circular economy. Industrial circular economy, a production process, material and energy in the various production enterprises and links between the cycle, multi-level utilization, reduce resource waste, to achieve pollution "zero emission". Secondly, we should carry out the reuse of "waste materials". Make full use of the waste material of each production link, and use it as the raw material of the next production link or another department, so as to realize the recycling and reuse of material. Third, to make products and services dematerialization. Dematerialization of products and services refers to obtaining more products and services with the same or fewer substances and improving the utilization rate of resources. The development of China's service industry must take the road of low-carbonization, focusing on the development of green services, low-carbon logistics and intelligent information technology.

Green services are services that are conducive to the protection of the ecological environment, the conservation of resources and energy, pollution-free, harmless, non-toxic, and beneficial to human health. Green service requires enterprises to operate and manage according to the requirements of the sustainable development strategy, give full consideration to the protection of the natural environment and the physical and mental health of human beings, from the service process of service design, service consumables, service products, service marketing, service consumption and other aspects of the process of saving resources and energy, pollution prevention, emission reduction and pollution reduction, in order to achieve the organic unity of the enterprise's economic benefits and environmental benefits.

The logistics industry is an important part of the modern service industry, but also a major contributor to carbon emissions. Low-carbon logistics to achieve interactive support for the logistics industry and low-carbon economy, through the integration of resources, optimize the process, the implementation of standardization to achieve energy saving and emission reduction, advanced logistics can support the low-carbon economy under the mode of production, the low-carbon economy needs the support of modern logistics.

Intelligent informatization is the inevitable requirement for the development of modern service industry, and it is also an effective way of service decarbonization. Through the intelligent informatization of services, it can reduce the dependence on tangible resources in the service process, and will part of the tangible service products, the use of intelligent informatization means to transform into software and other forms, to further reduce the impact of services on the ecological environment. Decarbonization is a new mode of economic development, but also a new way of life consumption, the implementation of consumption decarbonization. Consumption decarbonization should be guided by three aspects of consumption: green consumption, green packaging and recycling.

Green consumption, also known as sustainable consumption, is a new type of consumption behavior and process characterized by moderate moderation of consumption, avoiding or reducing damage to the environment, reverence for nature and protection of ecology. To guide through the green consumption, so that consumers form good consumption habits, accept the consumption of low-carbon, support recycling consumption, advocate saving consumption, to achieve the transformation of consumption patterns and sustainable development.

Green packaging is a moderate packaging that can be recycled and reused or can be degraded in the natural environment. Green packaging requires packaging materials and packaging products in the entire production and use of the process does not harm humans and the environment, including: moderate packaging, without affecting the performance of the case of the least material used; easy to recover and recycle; packaging waste disposal does not harm the environment and humans.

Consumption must focus on recycling. In the consumption process should choose recyclable, reusable, environmentally friendly products, including biodegradable plastics, recycled paper, and machines with recycled parts and components. Consumption of products that have been used for recycling, such as cars and household appliances, should be repaired, reused and recycled.