What are the leeks commonly used in production at present?

The Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Pingdingshan City, Henan Province used Sichuan leek as interspecific hybrid material, which was cultivated by multiple generations of mixed selection. It is the first artificially cultivated leek variety in China and belongs to non-dormant variety. The plant height of this variety is about 50 cm, the leaves are upright, the functional leaves are held up, the growth potential is strong, the leaf sheath is long and thick, the leaf width is about 1 cm, the average plant weight is 10 g, and the tillering ability is strong. Under the condition of sparse planting and sufficient nutrients, the annual plant of 1 can tiller 6 times, and the tillering of the three-year plant can reach 35. Less crude fiber and good quality. Fast growth, high yield, 6 ~ 7 knives a year, leek10.5 thousand Jin per hectare. Bolting and flowering are earlier than other varieties, and the yield of leek is high. If the seeds are harvested, the seeds are full and the yield is high. In hot season and waterlogged area, the growth and development are normal, and the sowing should not be too dense, so its germination is slow. Soaking seeds with triacontanol or soaking seeds with warm water not exceeding 40℃ before sowing is better.

The disadvantage of this variety is that its leaves are light. In recent years, this variety has been popularized rapidly, and due to the large amount of seeds needed, some problems will inevitably occur in seed quality. Especially, due to breeding in the north for years, the serious degradation of hybridization and dormancy habits is the main problem of this variety at present. At present, most of 79 1 seeds are planted in the open field without any problems, but it is easy to have uneven plant growth if they are nested in advance.

(2) Shantou, Hanzhong

It is a shallow dormant variety. The plant grows healthily, with a plant height of 40 ~ 50 cm. The leaves are upright, green, and the green mesophyll part is thick. The leaf body is flat, the leaf width is generally about 0.8 cm, the widest is 1 ~ 1.5 cm, and the leaf length is about 30 cm. The pseudostem is 0.4 ~ 0.6 cm thick, 6 ~ 7 cm high and the leaf sheath is white. A single plant can keep 5 ~ 7 green leaves, and when 4 ~ 5 leaves are used, the weight of a single plant is 5 ~ 6 grams. Light spicy taste, less crude fiber and better quality. New plants with strong growth potential and moderate tillering ability can generally reach commodity quality. This variety has strong cold resistance, late seedling return in winter and early green return in spring. Suitable for cultivation in open fields and protected fields in North China, Northwest China and Northeast China. Its resistance to gray mold is poor, so it should be paid attention to during cultivation.

(3) White Roots in Jiaxing

Also known as Hangzhou snow leek, it is a farm variety in Shaoxing, Jiaxing and other places in Zhejiang Province, and belongs to a non-dormant variety. The plant height of this variety is about 50 cm, the leaf width is 0.8 ~ 1 cm, the widest is 1.2 cm, the leaves are short and wide, and the leaves are dark. Leaf sheaths are 0.5 ~ 0.6 cm thick and about 7 cm long, straight, with upturned leaves, upright, vigorous and tillering. This variety can be produced early in northern China, which solves the problem of leek supply in northern China from June 1 1 to early October of the following year1. Its growth speed is fast, it can grow into seedlings and start tillering 60 days after sowing, and it can grow into plants 90 days after sowing, reaching the standard of commodity harvesting. When cultivated in the open field in central and southern Hebei, sowing in late spring and early summer can yield 2 ~ 3 knives before the year. In greenhouse production, especially in dim light, it grows faster than the varieties from the north of the Yangtze River and faster than 79 1, because 79 1 only stretches 1 leaf at a time, while Jiaxing Baigen often grows two leaves at the same time. The leaves that grow back after cutting are often sharp, unlike other varieties of leeks, which are all cut, which is conducive to improving the appearance quality.

This variety has the following shortcomings to be overcome in production: first, the leaf color is slightly light, and the mixed solution of sugar and urea can be sprayed in the middle and late growth period; Second, when growing into a plant, the leaf sheath of the bottom 1 leaf is often loose, causing the leaf to fall off, which can be overcome by cultivating the soil; Third, the spicy taste is slightly lighter.

(4) Chinese chives

It is a non-dormancy variety in a mountain village near Xiange, Penglai, Shandong Province. Its leaf width is 0.8 ~ 1 cm, its cross section is triangular, there is a membrane in mesophyll, and it becomes empty when it matures. The tip of the knife is rolled into a right-angle hook, and the blade is straight. The pseudostem is thick and big, the underground part is white, the aboveground part is purplish, and it is thick and upright. Developed root system, moderate tillering ability and strong vitality. This variety is extremely cold-tolerant, and can still grow upright in its place of origin until 65438+early February, with green leaves and basically no dormancy. It turns green early in spring. Suitable for protected land and open-air cultivation. Sowing in the open field in spring can yield 3 ~ 4 knives that year, and the yield per hectare is 45 ~ 60 thousand kilograms. In the second year, it can collect 5 ~ 6 knives, and the output per hectare can reach 750 ~ 90 thousand kilograms. The spicy taste is moderate and stronger than that of common leek.

(5) Xipu leek

Farmhouse varieties in Dayi County, Sichuan Province belong to non-dormant varieties. The plant height is 45 ~ 50 cm, the pseudostem is about 0.8 cm thick and 8 ~ 10 cm long. The leaves are green, semi-oblate, 0.8 ~ 1 cm wide and about 30 cm long. Vigorous growth, strong low temperature tolerance in green leaf stage, poor low temperature tolerance of rhizomes at -5℃, so it is impossible to overwinter in the open field in Haicheng area, Liaoning Province. Therefore, the northern part of China is suitable for sowing and shed production in the same year. The plant growth of this variety is slow or stagnant during dormancy period, and there is no phenomenon of stem and leaf withering and dry tip, and it can resume vigorous growth after dormancy period. Therefore, autumn extension or continuous autumn production can be carried out. The disadvantage is poor lodging resistance.

(6) Cool blue

It is a local variety in Nanjing, belonging to a non-dormant variety, which is better planted in the north. The plant height is 50 cm, the general leaf width is 0.7 cm, and the widest can reach 1.7 ~ 2 cm. The pseudostem is thick and the skin at the base is light purple. The weight of a single plant is above 30 grams. The leaves are thick, spicy, tender and juicy, and the quality is excellent. Strong cold tolerance, at the temperature of -7℃, the leaves do not wither and can still grow slowly. It has good storability when cultivated in protected fields, and its color, fragrance and taste remain unchanged after being stored in the shed for 10 days after harvesting in winter. Suitable for cultivation in open fields and protected fields in the north and south, with a yield of 45,000 ~ 60,000 kg per hectare.

(7) Pingjiu No.2

Yujiu 1 belongs to shallow dormancy variety. The plant height is about 50 cm, the leaves are spread out, the leaves are dark green, the leaves are wide and thick, and the back is obvious. The leaves are 30 ~ 35cm long and 65438 0 cm wide. The number of leaves per plant is 6 ~ 7. The leaf sheath is green and white, the leaf sheath is 0.8 cm thick, and the single plant weighs more than 8 grams, with the maximum single plant weighing 40 grams. Strong tillering ability, one year 10.8/plant, two years 19.6/plant, up to more than 40. Large plant shape, thick mesophyll, spicy and fragrant, good commodity characteristics and storage resistance. The yield of fresh leek is high, with 5 ~ 6 knives a year, and the highest yield per hectare can reach 654.38+0.27 thousand kilograms. Strong stress resistance, early flowering in spring, 3 ~ 5 days earlier than 79 1 and 7 ~ 10 days earlier than other varieties, which is an ideal variety for early spring cultivation in the open field. When cultivated in protected fields, especially in solar greenhouses and greenhouses, the advantages are that the yield of one or two knives is relatively high and the product quality is relatively good; The disadvantage is that the leaves hang heavily, which affects the illumination on the ground between rows.

(8) Pingjiu No.4

It belongs to non-dormant varieties. The plant height is 50 cm, the leaves are upright, the leaves are green, the width of the leaves is 1 cm, the length of the leaves is 35-38 cm, and the number of leaves per plant is 6-7. Fresh and tender leaves, less crude fiber, strong spicy taste and good appearance of goods. Anti-aging, high yield, 7 tillers per 1 annual plant. Harvest 6 ~ 7 knives a year, and produce fresh leek 1.5 thousand kg per hectare.

(9) Jinjiu No.8

It is a non-dormant variety, with plant height above 4 1 cm, straight and wide leaves, leaf length of 30 cm, average leaf width 1 cm, maximum leaf width 1.2 cm, leaf thickness 1. 1 mm, and leaf number of 3.9 leaves/tiller. Its cold resistance is strong, suitable for protected cultivation in autumn and winter, and the first harvest in greenhouse is 30 days earlier than that in Hanzhong winter leek.

(10) Shouguang Dugenhong

This variety is native to Shouguang County, Shandong Province and belongs to deep dormancy type. The tillers are weak, the plants are strong and the number of plants per unit area is stable. The base of pseudostem is lavender, and the diameter at the peak of growth can reach 0.5 ~ 0.8 cm. The plant height is about 40 ~ 50 cm, and the leaves are upright. The leaf width is about 1 cm, the color is green, the texture is soft, the quality is good and the fragrance is strong. Bolting is early in summer, but not concentrated, which is suitable for protected cultivation in winter.

(1 1) Daqing Temple in Inner Mongolia

Originated in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, it belongs to deep dormancy variety. The plant height is 46 cm, and the leaves are upright. The average length of leaves is 42 cm, the width of leaves is 0.4 cm, and the leaves are dark green. The mesophyll is thick, fragrant and of good quality. The tillering ability is weak, the annual harvest is 3-4 knives, and the yield per hectare is 60 thousand Jin. Late bolting, few flower stems and low seed yield. Strong cold tolerance. Suitable for cultivation in open field and protected land in the vast areas of northern China.

(12) Shanhaiguan wire seedling

It is a local farm variety in Shanhaiguan and the main cultivated variety in protected areas in this area. The leaves are slender and triangular, the leaf sheath is slender and the cross section is round. Both leaves and leaf sheaths are green, but the appearance of leaf sheaths is purple. Rapid growth, strong tillering ability and strong spicy taste. It belongs to deep dormancy variety, and its main feature is strong resistance to gray mold. In addition, its bulbs are small and suitable for bundling to produce leeks. Leek has a long life and strong adaptability, and can be harvested for many years, so it can also be used as sand culture seeds. The pseudostem of this variety is long, and the length of soil culture can reach about 10 cm. Pouring 1 ~ 2 water before cutting is beneficial to increase yield and improve quality.

(13) big bending seedling

Tianjin famous local breed, also known as Daikin Dog, belongs to deep dormancy breed. The tips of adult plants are hooked. The leaves are 0.8 cm wide and dark green, and the pseudostems are not easy to dry up. The ribs at the base and middle of the leaf blade are prominent, and the leaf blade is upright. The pseudostem is round and long. The leaves have less crude fiber, strong fragrance and good quality. Poor tillering ability. The bolting rate is low, but bolting is early. Suitable for cultivation in open field and protected field, with a yield of 60,000 ~ 75,000 kg per hectare.

(14) pig liver affection

Jiamusi local varieties in Heilongjiang province belong to deep dormancy varieties. Plant height is 30 ~ 40 cm, leaf width is 0.6 ~ 0.8 cm, leaf color is dark green, mesophyll is thick, and pseudostem thickness is 0.6 cm. Plants are clustered and erect, not prone to lodging, strong cold and heat resistance, strong growth potential, not prone to aging, yellow tip and good quality. Bolting early, thick stems, can be eaten for a long time. Suitable for open cultivation, the yield of protected land is low, with a yield of about 45,000 kg per hectare.

(15) Onion

Local varieties in Yulin, Shaanxi Province. The leaves are semi-erect, dark green, 33-46 cm tall and 23-26 cm open. The leaf is about 33 cm long and 0.8 ~ 1 cm wide. The leaf sheath is circular in cross section, with a transverse diameter of 0.5 ~ 0.6 cm. The tip of the blade is partially purple, and the leek stalk is short and thick. Spring sowing is late and tillering ability is weak. Cold tolerance, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, pest resistance, high yield, strong fragrance and good quality.

(16) Onion in Luoyang

Local varieties in Luoyang, Henan Province. The plant height is 50 cm, the leaf width is 0.6 cm, the leaf color is dark green, the mesophyll is thick, the apex is bent and rolled into a hook shape, the lodging resistance is strong, the quality is good, and the tillering is weak. The annual output of leek is 67,000 kg/ha. Suitable for cultivation in open field and protected field.

(17) saisong

The first hybrid leek variety bred by Pingdingshan Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Henan Province belongs to non-dormancy variety. This variety has upright plant type, compact leaves, plant height of more than 50 cm, leaf length of 38 ~ 40 cm, flat, wide and plump leaves, with an average leaf width of 65,438 0.2 cm and the largest leaf width of 2.3 cm. Average weight per plant 10g, 1 annual plant with 8 tillers and 3-year plant with more than 40 tillers. Harvest 6 ~ 7 knives a year, and the yield per hectare can reach 6.5438+0.8 million kilograms. Suitable for cultivation in open field and protected land all over the country.

(18) Fufeng 1

The first hybrid rice variety bred by Institute of Horticulture, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The plant height is 40 cm, the plant is erect, growing vigorously, the leaves are wide, the maximum leaf width is 1.5 cm, the leaves are light green, the mesophyll is thick, the pseudostem is thick, and the tiller weight is 10g. It grows vigorously, neatly and consistently, turns green in early spring and grows rapidly. Cultivation in the open field in early spring germinated 4 ~ 6 days earlier than Hanzhong leek. Strong cold resistance. Suitable for open cultivation and protected cultivation.

(19) Jin Jiu

The first hybrid variety bred by Horticulture Research Institute of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences belongs to shallow dormancy type. The plant height is more than 40 cm, the plant type is upright, the tillering ability is medium, and the weight of the 2-year-old plant is 60 g. It has excellent appearance quality, dark green leaves, wide and thick leaves, and the maximum leaf width can reach 1.2 cm. Tianjin area 165438+ 10 The physiological dormancy ends in late October, and the rapid growth can be resumed in the greenhouse, and the first knife can be harvested before New Year's Day. The total output per hectare in winter can reach 60 thousand kilograms. Resistance to gray mold. Suitable for winter and spring protected land and open field cultivation.

(20) Jin Yin 1

It belongs to shallow dormancy variety. Plant height is 45 cm, leaf length is about 35 cm, leaf sheath length is 10 cm, and average leaf width is 1 cm. Dark green leaves, soft texture, less crude fiber, heavier sweetness and lighter spicy taste. The plant has strong growth potential, cold tolerance and good growth at low temperature. Protected cultivation in Tianjin can be harvested and listed before New Year's Day. The resistance to gray mold is weak.

(2 1) Tongshan leek

It was bred by the mutant of local farmers' variety Verbena in Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province. It is a non-dormant variety, which is used for both tobacco and leaves. The plant height is 40 cm, the leaves are flat and erect, the leaves are dark green, the width is 0.7 ~ 0.8 cm and the length is 25 ~ 30 cm. Leaf sheath is white, about 9 cm long and 0.5 ~ 0.6 cm in diameter. In that year, the average tiller per plant was 5.6, reaching 10. About 55 cm high, solid and delicious. When protected cultivation is adopted in the local area, after two leeks are harvested, the leeks can bloom from February to June 5438+ 10, which lasts for 8 months. Generally, 22,000 ~ 30,000 kilograms of leeks are produced per hectare.

(22) Shouguang leek 1

It is a variety of leaves and flies. When cultivated in Shandong protected land, it can begin to germinate in early April. The natural plant height is 40 ~ 50 cm and the straightening height is 60 ~ 70 cm. The leaves are upward, light green, about 1 cm wide, flat, with cavities inside. Commercial plum is 50 ~ 60 cm high, 60 ~ 70 cm after flowering, with a cavity in the middle and light taste. Buds are big, reddish when cold and green when hot. It blooms in late May at normal temperature, and the seed yield is low. This variety is resistant to heat, pests and diseases and has strong tillering ability. Generally, the yield of Chinese chives is about 30,000 Jin per hectare, and the yield of Chinese chives is 0.9 ~10.5 thousand Jin.

(23) Feng Ping No.6

It belongs to a non-dormant variety, with both leaves and stems. The plant height is more than 50 cm, the plant cluster is erect, the leaves are dark green, the length of the leaves is about 35 cm, the width of the leaves is about 1 cm, the back of the leaves is prominent, the tip of the leaves is blunt, and the leaves are broad; The leaf sheath is stout, the sheath length is about 15cm, the cross section is oval, and the sheath thickness is about 0.7cm ... bolting begins in the middle and late June and reaches its peak in the middle and early July. The flower bolting is thick, about 0.6 cm thick and 75 cm high. The tender bolting has good commodity characteristics. The average number of leaves per plant is 6 ~ 7, and the average weight per plant is about 8 grams, and the maximum can reach 44 grams; Strong tillering ability, 5-6 tillers per plant per year, and about 25 tillers per plant per year. The harvest period is long and there are many stubbles. Generally, the annual harvest is 6 ~ 7 knives, and the annual output of leek per hectare is 1.5 thousand kg.

(24) Schizonepeta victoriana

It is a non-dormancy and disease-resistant variety selected from Pingjiu No.4 by Henan Agricultural University. The vertical distribution of roots is 50 cm and the horizontal distribution is about 30 cm. Strong tillering ability, tillering 7 ~ 8 times a year, long root life. The leaves are wide, the average length of mature leaves is 50 cm, the commercial leaves are about 30 cm, the average leaf width is 1.2 cm, the leaf thickness is 1.5 ~ 2.0 mm, the leaf color is light green, the leaf sheath is 6 ~ 7 cm long, and the leaves stand upright and do not lodging. The flowers are white and umbrella-shaped, with 70 ~ 90 florets per inflorescence. A flower has three seed chambers, and each seed chamber has 1 ~ 2 seeds. Strong cold resistance, the central plains can resist the short-term low temperature of -8.8℃ in early winter, keep 3 ~ 4 leaves from freezing damage, and grow normally in autumn and winter as long as the temperature is suitable, which is suitable for planting in most parts of the country. It can harvest 7-8 crops a year, with an average yield of 6.5438+0.8 million kilograms per hectare, which has obvious yield advantages.

(25) Allium yunnanense

The natural height of the plant is 35.6 ~ 45.2 cm, and the aboveground part is also a pseudostem formed by some leaf sheaths. The leaves are wide and lanceolate, 30 ~ 50 cm long. The width of leaves born in spring is 0.6 ~ 0.8 cm, and the width of fully grown leaves is 1.4 ~ 2 cm and 4 1.7 ~ 565433. The middle rib is prominent, and the mesophyll on both sides is thin. The aboveground part of leaf sheath is light green, and the underground part is pure white, with a total length of about 10 cm. Leek has strong tillering ability, and each tiller has 5 ~ 7 leaves before bolting. The stem of leek is round, slightly flat and slightly ribbed on both sides. By the time the commodity is harvested, the stem is about 40 cm long and the complete elongation can reach 50 cm. Inflorescence dense, spherical, about 2 cm in diameter. The root system of Chinese chives is mainly fleshy, with a root length of 15 ~ 25 cm and a slightly thinner tip, with hundreds of roots in each cluster, mainly distributed in the soil layer of 20 ~ 30 cm. Native to Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Tibet, with an altitude of 2400 ~ 3200m. It mainly feeds on fleshy roots, and tender leaves and buds are also edible.