Topographic mapping methods mainly include

1. Field mapping: Field mapping is divided into analog mapping and digital mapping. Field surveying and mapping is the main method of topographic surveying and mapping. This method mainly uses field measuring instruments and tools to directly measure and draw the terrain.

2. Aerial survey and mapping: Aerial survey and mapping mainly adopts aerial photogrammetry, including control survey and detail survey. Aerial surveying and mapping is a method of topographic surveying and mapping using aerial photogrammetry technology.