Briefly describe the practice of the Qing-style square save pointed roof structure

Temple, pavilion, pavilion, porch, terrace, temple, altar, tower, shadow wall, workshop table (a) the main building in the hall of ancient Chinese architectural complex, including the hall and hall of the two types of architectural forms, of which the hall for the palace, ritual and religious buildings dedicated. Hall, hall of the name appeared in the Zhou Dynasty. The word "hall" appeared earlier, the original meaning is relative to the inner room, refers to the front part of the building open to the outside. The left and right of the hall is organized, there is a clip, room on both sides of the room, there are rooms, compartments. Such a group of buildings and collectively referred to as the hall, referring to the Son of Heaven, the vassals, the doctor, the residence of the building. The word "hall" appeared later, the original meaning is the back of the high up the appearance of things; used in buildings, said its shape is tall, the status is remarkable. Since the Han Dynasty, the hall generally refers to the main building in the government offices and houses, but the palace, the temple in the secondary building can also be called hall, such as the north and south dynasty palace in the "east and west hall", Buddhist temples in the lecture hall, Lenten Hall and so on. Halls and halls can be divided into three basic parts: steps, body and roof. Among them, the steps and the roof form the most obvious appearance characteristics of Chinese architecture. Because of the constraints of the feudal hierarchy, there are differences in the form and structure of the temple and hall. Hall and hall in the practice of steps on the difference appeared earlier: hall only steps; hall not only have steps, and ah, that is, in addition to its own foundation, there is a tall platform as a base, by the long ah level connection between the upper and lower. Hall is generally located in the palace, temple, royal gardens and other complexes in the center or the main axis, its plane is mostly rectangular, but also square, round, I-shaped, etc.. Hall of space and components of the scale is often larger, more elaborate decoration practices. Hall is generally used as the main building in the residence, government offices, mansions, gardens, and its plan is in various forms, volume

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More moderate, structural practices and decorative materials, etc. are also relatively simple, and often show more local characteristics. (B) the pavilion in ancient Chinese architecture of multi-storey buildings. Floor and attic in the early days is different. Floor refers to the heavy house, the attic refers to the lower part of the hollow, the bottom of the high hanging building. The general plane of the attic nearly square, two-story, flat sitting, in the architectural group can live in the main position, such as Buddhist temples in the attic as the main body of the Dule Temple Guanyin Pavilion that is an example. The building is more narrow and repair curve, in the building group often resides in a secondary position, such as the Buddhist temple in the Tibetan scripture building, the royal family in the back of the building, compartment building, etc., in the building group in the last column or the left and right compartment position. Later, the word "pavilion" is interchangeable, no strict distinction, ancient pavilions have a variety of architectural forms and uses. City buildings in the Warring States period has appeared. Han Dynasty towers have been as high as three layers. Que Lou, the city floor, the watchtower, etc. are the Han Dynasty, the application of more forms of pavilions. The emperor of the Han Dynasty believed in fairy magic, that the construction of high and steep buildings can be immortal. After the introduction of Buddhism into China, a large number of construction of the pagoda building is also a kind of pavilion. Northern Wei Luoyang Yongning Temple wooden tower, high "forty feet", a hundred miles away, can be seen from afar. Built in the Liao Dynasty in Shanxi Yingxian Fogong Temple pagoda height. It is still the tallest surviving ancient wooden structure in China. You can climb the far-reaching scenic excursion building is often also used for the name of the pavilion, such as the Yellow Crane Tower, Tengwang Pavilion and so on. Ancient Chinese pavilions are mostly wooden structures, with a variety of frame forms. To square wood interlocking stacked base into the shape of the well bar composed of tall buildings, said well □ type; will be a single-story building layer by layer overlap and constitute a whole building, said heavy house type. Since the Tang and Song dynasties, the platform structure layer is added between the layers, the inner eaves of which form the dark layer and the floor, and the outer eaves of which are picked out to become the picket platform, a form known as the flat sitting in the Song dynasty. Between the upper and lower columns of each layer are not connected, the construction of the intersection is more complex. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, the pavilion frame, the wooden columns of each layer will be continued to become a long column material, and the Liang Fang intertwined to become the overall framework, called through the column type. In addition, there are other variations of the pavilion frame form. (C) pavilion Chinese traditional architecture around the open small point building for people to stay, view, also used for ceremonies, commonly known as pavilion, appeared in the middle and late North and South Dynasties. "Pavilion" also refers to the ancient grass-roots administrative

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Institutions, with a hostel form of pavilions are generally set in a place where you can rest, view the landscape, such as mountains, water, the city, the bridge and gardens. There are also special-purpose pavilions, such as the Pavilion, well Pavilion, Zaijia Pavilion, Bell Pavilion and so on. Pavilion plan form in addition to square, rectangular, round, polygonal, and cross, chain, plum blossom, fan and other forms. The roof of the pavilion has a saving tip, hiatus, conical and other forms of composite. Large pavilions can be built with heavy eaves, or on all sides of the building. Mausoleums, temples in the Pavilion, well Pavilion can be made very solemn, such as the Ming Changling Pavilion. Large pavilions can be made majestic, such as Beijing Jingshan Wanchun Pavilion. Small pavilions can be made light and elegant, such as Hangzhou three pools and three triangular pavilions. Pavilion of different forms, can produce different artistic effects. Structure, the structure of the pavilion to the wooden structure for the most, there are also masonry masonry. Pavilion mostly do save pointed roof and conical roof. Four corners of the roof has appeared in the Han Dynasty, eight corners of the roof and conical roof has been found in the Tang Dynasty Ming ware. Song "building law style" contained in the "pavilions bucket tip", is similar to the structure of the umbrella frame. This practice can be seen from the southern gardens in the Qing dynasty. After the Ming and Qing dynasties, the square pavilion more than the angle beams, multi-angle tip pavilion more than the picket beams, stacked layer by layer. Rectangular pavilion construction is basically the same as the house building. (D) corridor in ancient Chinese architecture, including the top of the channel corridor and veranda, the basic function of the sun, rain and for people to rest. Gallery is an important part of the formation of ancient Chinese architectural features. The corridor under the eaves of the hall, as the transition space between indoor and outdoor, is an important means of constituting the change of reality and rhythm in the modeling of the building. Enclosing the courtyard corridor, the pattern of the courtyard space, the volume of the beautification plays an important role, and can cause solemn, lively, open, deep, closed, connected and other different effects. Garden in the corridor is mainly play a division of the scenic area, resulting in a variety of spatial changes, increase the depth of the scene, to guide the best ornamental routes and other roles. In the details of the corridor is often equipped with geometric patterns of the railings, benches, goose chairs (also known as the beauty of the leaning or Wu Wang leaning), hanging down, color painting; partition walls are often decorated with brocade lamps and windows, leaky windows, the moon gate, bottle door and other decorative architectural elements. (

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Fifth, the platform of the ancient Chinese will be on the ground of rammed earth piers known as the platform, the platform of wooden houses known as the sala. wooden houses on the platform is called the salon, the two are collectively known as the Taiwan salon. The earliest Taizhe is only built on the rammed earth platform with columns without walls, the scale of the open hall, for the view, banquets, rows of shooting. Sometimes with the function of moisture and defense. The site of a lot of Taisei, famous for the Spring and Autumn Jin Xintian site, the site of the Warring States Yan under the capital, the ruins of the old city of Zhao in Handan, the Qin Xianyang Palace site, etc., have preserved a huge stepped rammed-earth platform. Salt also refers to the four sides of the open larger houses. After the Tang Dynasty, the buildings facing or built on the water were also called Shuixie, but they were already a different type of building completely different from Taizhe. :[]-. _[]-. [Next] 100Test download channel opened, all kinds of exam questions directly download. For details, please visit www.100test.com