The cover color of the family tree

The color of the family tree should be khaki or dark blue.

Say the content first:

Second, the content of genealogy

Genealogy is a valuable heritage worthy of sorting out, developing and studying in China's history and culture.

Since Ming and Qing Dynasties, genealogy has been rich in content. Although there are different compilation forms and contents, a complete genealogy generally includes the following contents:

(1) Genealogy name: Ming lineage, in order to prevent disorder. Genealogy names generally include Li nationality, such as Shaoshan genealogy, Zhenhai Henghe Yanbao genealogy, and some need to be edited in time and year, such as Liu's genealogy rebuilt in nine years, Zhongxiang Chen's genealogy revised six times, etc.

(2) Preface of genealogy: It covers the reasons of genealogy revision, the origin of surnames, family migration, the theory of genealogy revision, etc. The continuation of genealogy will generally retain the previous genealogical order. Most of them are written by local people, but also by celebrities, such as Zhu Hewen Tianxiang.

(3) Ordinary case: define the principles and styles of music editing, ranging from a few to dozens, which changes with the times. For example, during the Republic of China, some musical instruments stipulated that women should also enter musical instruments.

(4) Portrait: publish portraits and hymns of important figures of ancestors and clans, such as "loyalty to surnames" and "loyalty to the sun and the moon".

(5) Rong En Records: It publishes letters, plaques and monuments from the emperor to family officials, relatives and martyrs.

(6) Origin of surnames: textual research on the origin, history, ancestors, ancestors who moved, the process of family migration and the relationship between tribes.

(7) Family Law: Clan laws and regulations formulated by various families to restrain and educate their people, with specific contents, including loyalty to the monarch, filial piety, ancestor worship, prohibition of gambling, inheritance of property, and restraint on women.

(8) Ancestral Temple: record the architectural design, construction process, scale, geographical location and the arrangement order of memorial tablets in the ancestral temple.

(9) Genealogy and genealogy: It is the most important and essential content of genealogy to record surnames, dates of birth and death, families, wives, children and burial places. The compilation of genealogy from ancestors to family members of each generation often accounts for three-quarters of a genealogy and is the main basis for root-seeking.

Biography (10): Also known as deeds account, it records the main deeds of loyal ministers, dutiful sons, righteous husbands, virtuous women and other important family figures.

(1 1) Family property: the quantity, location and management methods of family collective property, such as cemeteries, sacrificial sites, yizhuang, study sites, forests and houses.

(12) Contract: publish contracts and contracts related to clan property, contracts on inheritance and separation within clan, and documents on the sale of land, houses and neighborhood disputes.

(13) Tomb: It includes tomb map, tomb location (such as Xiang Kun, Gam San), ancestral graves and tombs of various tribes, which is convenient for future generations to pay homage to their ancestors and "never forget their ancestors".

(14) Wen Yi: Collect national works, poems, recitations, etc.

(15) Word generation, rank, rank: a hierarchical term for recording the names of clansmen.

(16) Title: Genealogy is strictly forbidden to be made public and issued internally. The number of prints depends on the number of families, and one or two extra copies are stored in the ancestral hall. The genealogy of each room is collected according to the clef, such as "Heaven and earth are mysterious and yellow, the universe is vast ……", etc., which are recorded and will be checked then.

From the above contents, genealogy has the following characteristics: the scope of records is the clan, the deeds of the people, written by the people; The extensiveness of the recorded content is actually an encyclopedia of this family; The recording styles are diverse, with history, pictures, tables, records and biographies available.

Third, the value and disadvantages of genealogy

Searching for roots and ancestors through genealogy can enhance the cohesion and centripetal force of Chinese at home and abroad.

Historically, genealogy compilation was divided into two periods, with different functions: before the Song Dynasty, it was mainly official compilation, mainly political function, and genealogy compilation mainly served aristocratic families and court personnel; After the Song Dynasty, it was mainly private training, and the training of piano score was mainly a moral function, which condensed the family, safeguarded the rights of the family and served the clan. Nowadays, genealogy, as a historical document, has many values. In the past, influenced by the "Left" trend of thought, we often regarded genealogy as "four old", regarded it as dross, and some of it was burned. Even the genealogy preserved in the library is piled up in the corner, which obviously sounds inappropriate.

The development of genealogical resources has the following values:

The first is the value of cultural relics. China's genealogy is an important part of China's long history and culture, many of which belong to rare books. The earliest extant Genealogy of Xianyuan is a copy of Neifu in Song Dynasty. Up to now, some versions of the Ming Dynasty, some approved by celebrities, and some notes are of cultural value. According to the statistics of the Bibliography of Rare Books of Chinese Ancient Books, there are 635 kinds of genealogies listed as rare books of this book, which actually far exceeds this number. These genealogies are all national cultural relics.

Second, the value of data. Liang Qichao, a famous historian, pointed out: "You should test the organizational law of the clan system, the average age and life expectancy of marriages at home and abroad, the two-line inheritance of parents, the ratio of male to female, the comparison of birth rate and death rate, and so on. There are countless problems, and there is no other way to obtain information except genealogy. " A considerable number of genealogies not only have irreplaceable data value for studying family system, marriage system and the rise and fall of population, but also provide many important data for history, folklore, sociology, economics and education. For example, a lot of valuable information comes from the genealogy of Huizhou merchants in southern Anhui.

Thirdly, genealogy has educational function. Genealogy generally includes "family instructions", "family rules" and "family laws", among which there are certainly many feudal ideas, but ethical norms such as respecting the elderly, filial piety, respecting teachers, advocating thrift, abstaining from extravagance and forbidding gambling, and the patriotic spirit, unremitting struggle spirit and dedication to the pursuit of truth recorded in genealogy are of great significance for popularization. Traditional ethics and modern civilization are dialectical unity. The construction of modern civilization must be based on traditional culture, and traditional culture will have vitality only if it is endowed with a new spirit of the times. The excellent traditional ethics reflected by genealogy is actually the crystallization of thousands of years' struggle of the Chinese nation. It has played a great role in uniting the Chinese nation and will certainly play an important role in promoting the construction of contemporary civilization.

Finally, the root-seeking value. Genealogy and genealogy map are the most important contents in genealogy, and they are important materials for contemporary people to seek their roots and ancestors, and only genealogy can provide these materials. Since the genealogy reading room of Shanghai Library was opened to the public at the end of 1996, it has received tens of thousands of readers at home and abroad, many of whom are looking for their roots. When they found their ancestors from the genealogy, their excitement was beyond words. The Chinese nation has strong cohesion and centripetal force. Searching for roots and ancestors through genealogy is of great significance for strengthening the cohesion and centripetal force of Chinese at home and abroad, and then promoting the completion of the great cause of reunification of the motherland.

As the cultural carrier of feudal society, genealogy has obvious disadvantages when analyzed by historical materialism.

The first is to promote feudal ethics. The genealogy, examples, family rules, family laws and other contents of Old Genealogy almost all openly advocate feudal ethical norms such as loyalty and filial piety, three obedience and four virtues, son preference, patriarchy and even feudal superstition.

Followed by the persistence of false support. Many genealogies are "glorifying ancestors" and often depend on emperors and famous ministers as ancestors. If any, Li is called the ancestor, Zhang Yi and Zhang Fei are the ancestors, and Xiao Xiao He is the ancestor. As the saying goes: the same surname was a family 500 years ago, but it is not necessarily a family. The prefaces of some celebrities are also disguised, the most obvious one is Zhu. There are dozens of genealogies written by Zhu, some of which are true and some are forged. For example, a genealogy written by Zhu was adopted by Zhou, Huang, Liu, Dai, Zheng, Hong, Wu and other surnames at the same time. Only the surnames were different, and the rest of the words were exactly the same, which was obviously forged. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were "spectrum makers" and "spectrum makers" who made fake and shoddy products for some families.

Again, books are divided into good and evil. Some genealogies expressly stipulate: "History contains good and evil, while genealogy contains good but not evil, which is taboo for relatives." In genealogy, those whose ancestors were officials, celebrities, wizards and martyrs all have biographies, even biographies, lines and epitaphs. On the other hand, the so-called "rebellious", "guilty", "disloyal", "disloyal" and "miscellaneous" people in the family are taken such measures as expulsion, becoming a monk and publishing music.

Of course, the old genealogy still has other drawbacks or shortcomings in terms of viewpoints, contents and styles. We must critically inherit the old genealogy, discard its dross and take its essence.