How do Taoists and Legalists deny traditional education from different angles?

Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ousted a hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism alone, Chinese civilization has become a family statement, that is, Confucianism!

Naturally, many friends who don't know much about pre-Qin civilization mistakenly equate traditional culture with Confucian culture. However, it is still a fact that China's culture continues to this day.

However, Confucian culture is dominant.

First of all, we must understand that the emergence of a hundred schools of thought is to actively join the WTO and save the society at that time. Among them, the salvation theory of Confucianism, Mohism and Taoism is the most prominent.

Next, I will briefly describe the similarities and differences between the four schools.

Similarities, in fact, should be implemented in one word "benevolence". This "benevolence" is not what Confucianism calls "benevolence". Benevolence is a goal here.

A form of social stability. Not the way! Confucian "benevolence" is a method.

Why did Confucius and later Confucianism advocate "benevolence"? Because their logic is that rulers should care more about their subjects and let them feel. "

Happiness. "In this way, the subjects will be grateful and give your ruler more feedback. Everyone understands and helps each other, social crab!

This is the logic of Confucianism, which has always believed that it is necessary for the rulers to be "saints" and actively serve the people. Then people also take the initiative to appreciate the elderly.

People. This is actually a "governance methodology"!

The Confucian method is that rulers actively practice "benevolence and righteousness".

What is our next way of looking at Taoism? Taoism believes that governing the country is "ruthless"!

"Heaven and earth are heartless, and saints are heartless."

At first glance, this sentence is a tit-for-tat and incompatible with Confucianism. One said "kindness" and the other said "unkindness".

Taoism believes that everything in the world is flat, there is no high and low, and there is no high and low. As human beings, the same is true. Taoism's "unintentional" means rule.

People can't have "feelings". Once they have feelings, they will generalize. Selfishness is unfair to others!

Because there are different levels of Confucian benevolence, "those who love themselves are better than others", "those who love their family are better than those who love themselves" and "those who love their family are better than those who love themselves"

Family "and so on. In fact, this is also in line with the love of human nature. People are biased and must take care of their own interests first!

In this way, it can be seen that the Confucian theory of governing the country is empty talk. On the one hand, Confucianism advocates "dedication" and "benevolence". But you also need your own people to get it first

Li. This obviously forms a contradiction. Rulers also have relatives, and relatives will inevitably ask the rulers to give them more benefits, not less to their families. Then it

Others must object, why, for example, law enforcement will be selfish, and people with rights will certainly use their rights to serve their families.

Taoism puts forward "unkindness", that is, it requires that everything should be fair and just.

What Taoism needs to point out is that Confucianism has problems in governing the country, but he has not found a solution to his "unkindness". Taoism emphasizes "freedom"

"Don't be bound", and think that the best management way is that the rulers don't care about everything and don't prescribe many terms to the people. From this perspective, Taoism is

Extremely opposed to Confucianism and Legalism.

In fact, Taoism was one of the enlighteners of pre-Qin human rights thought. The greatness of Taoism lies in its proposition that "the private rights of human beings are inviolable". Whether it's Lao Tzu, Yang Zhu, or ...

Zhuangzi emphasized "freedom" more than once. Respect human rights.

Taoism opposes Confucian "moral compulsion". There is a saying in Confucianism that "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you", but what Confucianism does is "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you".

In other words, if anyone's behavior does not follow the Confucian "moral norms", it will be regarded as "immoral" by Confucianism.

Isn't that the social atmosphere today? Moral oppression! For example, it is personal freedom to take a bus and give up your seat. Maybe this person has something to say.

Yin, I can't get up and give up my seat. But if people around you are not clear, they will definitely look at him with contempt. This is called moral coercion.

For example, donations are people's heartfelt help to others. But we should also do what we can according to our actual situation. For example, the income of both working-class people is very poor.

Not many people donate together. Most people are 100, but one person only donated 1 yuan. Then everyone will look at it with disdain and whisper,

"You might as well not donate, what are you pretending to be!" . The problem is that it's all on your own. Maybe that person's family economy is also very difficult.

What should I do if the rice doesn't boil?

Taoism emphasizes respecting the freedom of others. Donate more if you can, and donate less or even not if others don't. Just because you care about the road.

Face yourself squarely and force yourself to do "moral" things.

Confucianism is saving face, even if it is poor, it can't be shown in front of others. Look at the state banquet hosted by the imperial court and the office built by the imperial court.

This building is very luxurious. This is also the thinking of ordinary people. If you are swollen, you will get fat.

Therefore, Taoism severely criticized the "pseudo-morality" of Confucianism, which was divorced from the "self" morality.

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Just now I said that Mohism is one of the enlighteners of human rights, and the other is Mohism. Taoism emphasizes "private rights of human beings" and Mohism emphasizes "equality of personality". Mohism and Taoism

Similarly, it is also believed that people should not be graded and graded. People's origins, abilities, intelligence, etc. are all external differences, and they exist with heaven and earth. Everything is

It has its own characteristics, different from other things. But people's personality is equal, so as a ruler, they should be "impartial"

Fair law enforcement. "

Mohism originated from Confucianism, so it also strongly advocates "love", but Mohism believes that "love" can not be divided into the love of relatives and friends and the love of nobles like Confucianism. should

Is to love everyone.

The confused concept here is, love everyone? How is that possible? Human nature is selfish and close to blood. Confucian love is more in line with human nature.

In fact, the potential meaning of Mohism is to implement the rule of law, which requires that the attitude towards life should be "not for the people", not because of the close relationship with criminals.

If the obligee's law enforcement is different, it is selfish and will cause social injustice. (For example, today's rich second generation and other events are completely biased in law enforcement)

The moral of Mohist universal love is to treat all people fairly, even if their relatives break the law, they should enforce the law equally.

Therefore, Mohism and Legalism have many similarities. Mohism is more like a combination of Confucianism and law.

Confucianism, Mohism and Taoism have similarities and contradictions.

In fact, the Legalists finally combined the Taoist thought of "respecting privacy" with the Mohist thought of "equality of personality".

How to "respect private rights"? To establish a legal system, only the law can protect everyone's legitimate rights and interests. And the concept of "equality of personality" is the basis of the rule of law! If we say "personality inequality", then the law is a piece of waste paper, just a tool for superiors to enslave subordinates.

Therefore, the Legalists put forward that "Jun and Shu Ren are guilty of the same crime", that is, they stressed that the law must be fair, no matter what law you have committed or what crime you have committed, no matter whether you are a powerful person or an ordinary person. Only in this way can we ensure that everyone can solve problems and protect themselves through law.

If there is no legalist "law", then the people will be bullied by those in power and can only stare at it and do nothing. Enough is enough, and there will be riots.

Therefore, legalists stressed that social stability must guarantee the "legitimate rights and interests" of all people, and no one can harm others just because of his own rights and interests. When everyone's legitimate rights and interests are protected, naturally no one will be dissatisfied.

It is worth repeating here that, of course, we can't compare the specific laws formulated by legalists with today's. To look at history, we must stand in the historical environment of the ancients and look at problems in their time. Just like the rule of law in Europe and America today is the most advanced and humane. But if it is placed in 1 Millennium, it will also be considered too "cruel" by people in the future. )

Compared with the same period, the legalist method of governing the country is the most operable. Legalists and the rule of law advocate that "kings must also act according to law", which means that kings cannot punish or reward others at will according to their own preferences. Must comply with the law. Otherwise, people will be dissatisfied. They think that the king is biased, so the king must obey the law.

Since Shang Yang's political reform, Qin has changed from a weak country to a strong one, unifying China. During this period, he experienced 150 years and became a monarch of six generations. In the later dynasties, no one in Qin could do this, but they were all richer than three generations and weaker and weaker! And the state of Qin is getting stronger and stronger. This is the power of the rule of law.

Of course, in the end, it openly violated the law and undermined the rule of law, which led to the rapid demise of Qin. The rise and fall of Qin, please refer to: /f? Kz= 1088320 124 (briefly describe the merits and demerits of the real Qin Shihuang and the mystery of the demise of the Qin Dynasty! )

Hundred schools of thought contend series:

Confucianism: /f? kz= 10633863 14

Legalist: /f? kz= 1063377589

Taoism: /f? kz= 1063597252

Mohist: /f? kz= 1063654236