Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional stories - What is the explanation of its contempt to add to this carry on
What is the explanation of its contempt to add to this carry on
We provide you with a detailed introduction of "its contempt to be added to this carry on" from the following aspects:
I. Full text of "Ji Zha Guan Zhou Le/Ji Zha Guan Le" Click here to view the details of "Ji Zha Guan Zhou Le/Ji Zha Guan Le"
Wu Duke Zha came to hire. He was invited to watch the music of Zhou.
Made the workers sing "Zhou Nan" and "Zhaonan" for him, and said:
"Beautiful! The beginning of the base of the carry on,
Just not yet, but hard and not complain.
The one who is worried but not troubled. I have heard that Wei Kang Shu, Wu Gong's virtue is like this,
is it 'Wei Feng'?" For the song "King" said:
"Beautiful! Thinking without fear,
is its the East of Zhou!" For the song "Zheng,"
said: "Beautiful!
It is so fine that the people cannot bear it.
Is it the first to die?" For the song "Qi",
said: "beautiful,
great! The wind is also great!
The table of the East China Sea, its Dagong?
The country is not measurable." For the song "Bin",
said: "Beautiful,
dang! Joyful but not lustful,
its the east of the Duke of Zhou?" For the song "Qin",
said: "This is called the sound of summer.
Fu can summer is great, great to the end,
its Zhou's old!" For the song "Wei",
said: "beautiful,
___huh! Big and Wan,
dangerous and easy to travel, with virtue to support this,
then the Ming Lord also!" For the song "Tang",
said: "Think deep!
Is there a remnant of the Tao Tang clan? Otherwise,
Why is the worry far away? If not after Lingde,
who can be like this?" For ... The song "Chen",
said: "The country has no master,
it can be long!" Since "Kuai" the following no ridicule!
For the song "Xiao Ya", said.
"Beautiful!
Think but do not two,
grievance but do not say, the decline of its Zhou Germany?
Just as there is a remnant of the former king!" For the song "Daya",
said: "wide!
XiXiHu! The song "Ode" was sung for the king of Wen, who was a man of virtue, and who was a man of honor. For the song "Ode,"
said: "To the end!
Straightness without arrogance, curvature without bending;
locality without pushing, distance without carrying;
movement without lust, repetition without boredom;
mourning without sadness, joy without desertion;
use without scarcity, wide without proclaiming;
giving without spending, taking without covetousness;
locality without bottoming, traveling without streaming.
The five voices are in harmony, and the eight winds are calm;
The sections are measured, and the guards are in order.
The same is true of Sheng De!" Those who saw the dance of "Elephant_" and "South Blow,"
said, "Beautiful,
but still have regrets!" See dance "Dawu",
said: "beautiful,
week's prosperity, it is like this?
"See dance "shao_", said:
"The saint of Hong also, but still have ashamed of virtue,
Saint of the difficult also!" See the dance "Daxia" person,
said: "beautiful!
Diligence but not virtue. If it is not Yu,
who else can fix it!" Seeing the dancer of the _Shao_",
he said, "Virtue is great!
Bigger, such as the sky's no not canopy,
such as the ground's no not carry also!
It is as big as the sky, and as big as the earth, and as big as the earth, and as big as the earth! I'm not going to be able to do that, but I'm going to be able to do it!
If there is any other music, I dare not ask for it!
The second note
Wu Gongzha: that is, Ji Zha, the youngest son of King Shou Meng of Wu.
Zhou Le: the music and dance of the Zhou royal family.
Gong: musicians.
Zhounan and Zhaonan: two of the fifteen state winds at the beginning of the Book of Songs. The following references are to the poems of the countries in the State Winds.
Beginning of the Foundation: the foundation was laid at the beginning.
Qin: labor, diligence.
Grievance: resentment.
Name: Zhou dynasty vassal state, in modern Henan Tangyin south. Zhou dynasty vassal state, in modern Henan Xinxiang city south.
Wei: Zhou dynasty vassal state, in present-day Qi County, Henan Province.
Kang Shu: the younger brother of the Duke of Zhou, the founding monarch of the state of Wei.
Duke Wu: 9th grandson of Uncle Kang.
Wang: i.e. Wang Feng, a musical song after King Ping of Zhou moved east to Luoyi.
Zheng: a vassal state of the Zhou Dynasty, in the area of present-day Xinzheng, Henan Province.
Fine: trivial. Here music is used to symbolize governmental orders.
Grand: grand in appearance.
Table East Sea: to set an example for the vassal states in the East Sea.
Dagong: Taigong, referring to the founding ruler of the state, Lu Shang, i.e. Jiang Taigong.
Bin: the old capital at the time of Gong Liu of the Western Zhou Dynasty, northeast of Bin County in present-day Shaanxi.
Swing: a broad appearance.
East of the Duke of Zhou: referring to the Duke of Zhou's eastern campaign.
Xia: the area around the stilts of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the area of present-day Shaanxi and Gansu. Zhengsheng, Ya sound.
Wei: the name of a vassal state, north of present-day Rui County, Shanxi. Light and floating.
Dangerous: uneven, here referring to the changes in the music.
Tang: in present-day Taiyuan, Shanxi. The founding ruler of Jin, Shouyu, was first sealed in Tang.
Taotang: refers to Emperor Yao. The state of Jin was the former territory of the Tao Tang clan.
After Lingde: the descendants of the virtuous, referring to the descendants of the Tao Tang clan.
Chen: the capital of the state, Wanqiu, in present-day Huaiyang, Henan Province.
Kuai: south of present-day Zhengzhou, Henan Province, wiped out by the state of Zheng.
Scoffing: criticizing.
Small Ya: refers to the poems in Poetry-Small Ya.
First Kings: refers to the Zhou kings Wen, Wu, Cheng and Kang.
The Daya: refers to the poems in Poetry - Daya.
XiXi: the appearance of harmony and beauty.
Ode: refers to the Ode to Zhou, the Ode to Lu and the Ode to Shang in the Book of Songs.
Arrogance: arrogance.
Subtitles: Arrogance: arrogance.
Carry: to stray.
Desolate: excessive. The first is a new one, which is a new one, and the second is a new one.
Bottom: pause, stagnation.
Five tones: gong, shang, jiao, wei and fe.
Harmony: harmony.
Eight Winds: eight types of musical instruments made of gold, stone, silk, bamboo, han, earth, leather and ben.
Section: beat.
Do: measure.
Keeping in order: musical instruments are played in a certain order. The name of the dance, martial dance. The name of the dance is Wen Dance.
Dawu: the musical dance of King Wu of Zhou. The music and dance of Shang Tang.
Shame de: regret, lack.
Daxia: the music and dance of Xia Yu.
Bu De: not boasting of one's merits.
Xiu: to make. Yu Shun's musical dance.
Canopy: to cover.
Scorn: without, without.
Three, Zuo Qiu Ming other poems
"Cao Yu on the battle", "Jian Shu crying teacher", "Candle Wu retreat Qin division", "Zheng Bo Keduan in the Visayas / many acts of injustice will be their own death", "Zhou and Zheng exchange of hostages". Appreciation
Ji Zha's View of Zhou Music is a special article in Zuo Zhuan, which contains many elements of literary criticism. Although Ji Zha is commenting on Zhou Le, he is actually commenting on the Poetry, because at that time the Poetry was into music. Ma Ruichen said, "There is nothing in the 300 poems that cannot be put into music. Zuo Zhuan: Wu Ji Zha invited to see the Zhou music, made the work for the song of Zhou Nan _ Zhaonan, and in twelve countries. If it were not for the music, then the poems of the fourteen states could not be harmonized with the Zhou music. "1 Although the poems separated from the music may be less inspirational and the dances in the Zhou music can no longer be reproduced, after all, the textual body of the Zhou music commented on by Ji Zha can still be seen in the Poetry Scriptures. So we can summarize some of the characteristics of traditional literary criticism from Ji Zha's View of Zhou Music.
Literature and Politics and ReligionChinese literature has from the very beginning attached great importance to the relationship with politics and religion, and this was especially true in the early period when literature did not gain an independent status and develop consciously. The Shijing (Classic of Poetry) did not first appear as a purely literary work; on the contrary, it had a specific and practical use. For example, in the Spring and Autumn period, it was quite popular for the ministers and doctors to 'compose poems to express their thoughts' on political and diplomatic occasions, in which the poets borrowed ready-made verses out of context to imply their own feelings and aspirations. The officials and ministers often quoted certain poems in their conversations. ② Moreover, poems were consciously collected for the service of government and religion. "In ancient times, the Son of Heaven ordered the Historian to collect poems and ballads in order to observe the people's customs", (3) "In the month of Bengchun, when the people were about to be dispersed, the pedestrians vibrated wooden dowsers on the road in order to collect poems and offer them to the Master of the Court, and compared the rhythms with them, so as to hear them to the Son of Heaven. Therefore, it is said that the king does not know the world without peeping into the house. Since literature attaches importance to its social function, literary criticism naturally emphasizes political indoctrination. This is centrally embodied in the Analects of Confucius: Zi said: "Why don't boys learn poetry? Poetry can be a form of expression, an observation, a group, and a complaint. Near to serve the father, far to serve the king; more knowledge in the name of birds and animals, grass and trees. "Literature has the power to infect, can 'inspire the will', this is Xing. Readers can 'examine and see the gains and losses' and 'observe the prosperity and decline of customs' from literary works, which is Guan. The group refers to 'living in a group to learn from each other', to inspire each other and to sharpen each other's skills. Grievance means 'grumbling and stabbing at the upper administration' in order to push for political improvement." ⑤ From Ji Zha's comments on Zhou music, it is precisely music (literature) that he combines with politics and religion. He believed that political rule and disorder would have an impact on music (literature), that is to say, music (literature) could be used to "examine the gains and losses" and "observe the prosperity and decline of customs". Because the politics of governance and chaos will affect people, and the thoughts and feelings of people will be reflected in music (literature). That is why Ji Zha could hear "diligence without resentment" in "Zhou Nan" and "Zhaonan", and "worry without distress" in "Name", "_" and "Wei". Music (literature) is also counterproductive to politics. Music (literature) can also be counterproductive to politics. It can be used to inspire each other through "group living", and it can be used to improve politics through "complaining and stabbing at the upper administration". Of course, bad music (literature) can also accelerate political corruption, which is why Confucius wanted to play the sound of Zheng, and Ji Zha also heard from Zheng that "it is very fine, and the people are not able to bear it", and thought, "Is it the first to die?" However, it must be pointed out that there is not really the so-called state of death, but the sound of music to promote the social culture of obscenity and pleasure, thus making the political corruption, resulting in the death of the state. Some people one-sidedly exaggerate the counterproductive effect of music (literature) on politics, thinking that music (literature) can kill the country, thus introducing the commentary on music (literature) into mysticism.
The Beauty of Neutralization in LiteratureConfucius discussed poetry and emphasized the poetic teaching of "gentleness and generosity". He said: "Poetry 300", in a nutshell, said: Si Wu Yi ("For the Government"), and also said: "Guan Ju" music but not obscene, sad but not hurt ("Eight Rowers"). Ji Zha discusses poetry, very close to Confucius, focusing on the beauty of literary neutrality and harmony. He called "Zhou Nan" and "Zhaonan" "diligent but not resentful", "Name", "_" and "Wei" "sorrowful but not sleepy", "Bin" "joyful but not lustful", "Wei "Great and Wan, Dangerous and Easy to Travel", "Xiao Ya" "Thought but not Error, Complaint but not Speech", and "Daya" "Curved but with Straight Body". More prominent is his comment on the Ode: "Straight but not arrogant, curved but not bent, near but not forced, far but not carried, moved but not obscene, repeated but not tired, mournful but not sad, joyful but not deserted, used but not scarce, wide but not proclaimed, given but not paid for, taken but not greedy, in but not bottomed out, traveled but not flowed," and even used 14 words to describe it. The exclamation is "to carry on", because "five voices and the eight tones, the section has the degree, the guard is in order", so it is "the same as the Shengde". It can be seen that Ji Zha's respect for the beauty of neutralization has indeed reached the extreme. The so-called neutral and beautiful, is the Confucian mediocrity thought in aesthetics reflection. Confucius recognizes that anything less than or excessive is not good, things will decline when they develop to the extreme, so he will "allow the center". In personal feelings can not be great joy and sorrow. Gong Zizhen's "juvenile sadness and happiness is too much of a person, singing and weeping for no reason word really" is not Confucius' standard of mediocrity. When Xie An, a member of the Yalu Men, heard the news of the victory of the Jin army in the Battle of the Interfluve, he was so happy that he broke his clogs. Gu Yong lost his son, his heart was very sad, but he forced himself to restrain himself and said, "There is no longer the height of Yan Ling, how can there be the responsibility of the loss of Ming?" (7) Embodied in literary criticism, it is to promote the suppression of overly strong feelings, in order to be in line with etiquette, and to require that "music is not obscene, and mourning is not sad. This had a direct impact on the formation of the subtle and euphemistic style of classical poetry, which often sings three sighs instead of revealing everything because of the need to suppress feelings. As a result, the mood of literature was long, deep and flavorful, and quite chewy. But this is also one of the reasons why China has not produced a tragedy like that of ancient Greece.
Impressive literary criticism of traditional Chinese literary criticism, the lack of systematic theory, rigorous logic, often a piece of claws improvised perception of the text. A large number of poems and words belong to this kind, and more systematic, such as "Wenxin Diao Long", "the original poem" on the contrary, is a different kind. As Mr. Ye Jiaying said, the traditional Chinese literary criticism is for the sharp rooted people, but the western literary criticism is to take care of the blunt rooted people. In this way, the Chinese form of literary criticism seems to be more brilliant. For example, Sikongtu's Poetry is simply written in the language of poetry, and Lu Ji's Literary Fugue is also an exquisitely beautiful text. However, this impressionistic form of literary criticism also had its drawbacks. Because of the fact that there are only a handful of Lijian people, what the author writes is a profound insight, but the reader is often at a loss as to what he or she is talking about. For example, Mr. Wang Jingan's "Words on Earth" is recognized as a masterpiece, but for the "realm of the self", "realm of the selfless", what is the "separation" and "no separation". What is "separation" and "non-separation" is also the subject of many lawsuits. On the one hand, there is the limitation of the readers, as mentioned before, the sharp-rooted people are after all a minority; on the other hand, there is also the ambiguity and lack of clarity of the concepts and the ambiguity of the expressions. And indeed there are also some empty poetic words and phrases, with its dim, make people clear. Just like some public cases in Zen, some monks claim to be enlightened and say some specious words. But whether they are enlightened or not, the genius knows. Because there is no longer a standard by which to judge. Leaving aside the good and bad aspects of this form of criticism, let's just look at its roots, which began in the pre-Qin period. There is a record in the Analects of Confucius: Zigong said, "How is it to be poor and not flattered, rich and not proud?" Zi said, "It is possible; it is not as good as being poor and happy, rich and good manners." Zi Gong said: "Poetry" cloud: 'such as cutting like a dagger, such as cutting like grinding', it's so called with? "Zi said:" Give also, then you can talk with the "Poetry" has been carried out, tell the past and know the future." ("Learning and") Zixia asked: "'Coquettish smile, beautiful eyes look forward to, so as to be gorgeous'. What is also?" Zi said: "Painting after the veil." Said: "After the ritual?" Zi said: "Starting to give the Shang also! Beginning to be able to speak with the "Poetry" has been carried out." ("Eight rows of rows") Zi said, "Shao", "as beautiful as possible, and as good as possible." "It is as beautiful as it can be, but not as good as it can be." ("Eight Rowers") From the first two cases, we can see that the criticism of literature is quite flexible, especially the use of association. Like Wang Guowei's summary of the three realms of learning by extracting three sentences, this is also impressionistic criticism. Though the author is not bound to do so, the reader may not be. This is different from the rigidity of Zhang Huiyin's statement that the author must have had this intention. The third is very similar to Ji Zha's comment. Ji Zha commented, "When I saw the dancers of Dawu, I said, 'It's beautiful! He said, 'It is beautiful! The prosperity of the Zhou is like this.' He saw the dancer of the Shao dance and said, 'Virtue has reached its peak. He said: 'The virtue is great! Great as the sky's no canopy, as the earth's no load. Though very full of virtue, its contempt to add to this carry on. The view is stopped! If there is other music, I dare not invite.'" Dawu" is the dance of King Wu of Zhou, and Ji Zha is sarcastic in his praise, that is, as Confucius said, "It is as beautiful as it can be, but not as good as it can be." Shao_ is the dance of Shun, and Ji Zha's praise is also beyond compare, that is, what Confucius said, "It is as beautiful as it can be, but not as good as it can be." Here, Ji Zha's comments are both impressionistic and figurative criticism. Because Confucius and Ji Zha have similar viewpoints and positions and ways of commenting, I will cite the Analects of Confucius to illustrate the way of criticizing this article in comparison.
For example, let's take a few more examples of Ji Zha's comments on Zhou music: "He sang the song "Qi" for it. He said, 'It is beautiful and grand, and the great wind is also great! Table the East China Sea, its great male?'" "For the song 'Wei'. He said: 'Beautiful, _____! Great and Wan, dangerous and easy to travel, with virtue to assist this, then the Ming Lord.'" "For the song 'Xiao Ya'. He said, 'Beautiful! Thought but not two, grievances but not words, the decline of its Zhou virtue? There is still a remnant of the former king.'" "For the song 'Daya'. He said, 'Wide! Xi Xi Xi! Curved but with a straight body, its Wen Wang's virtue?'" All are both impressionistic and figurative criticism. By the wings of association, by the sense of empathy, the natural personnel is omnipresent.
Notes ① Mao Poetry Chuanjian paper through the interpretation of Volume 1: Poetry into the music said ② Guo Pre-Heng edited "History of Ancient Chinese Literature," Volume 1 ③ Kong Congzi hunting tours ④ Han Book of Food and Waste ⑤ Selected Literary Treatises ⑥ ⑦ Yu Jiaxi, "Shishu Xinyu notes and sparsely"
Five, the translation
Wu Gongzi Za came to the recruitment. He was invited to see the music of Zhou. He made the workers sing for him "Zhou Nan" and "Zhaonan", and said: "Beautiful! Beginning of the base of the carry on, not yet, but hard and not complain. For the song "name", "_", "Wei", said: "beauty, abundance! The one who is worried but not troubled. I heard that Wei Kang Shu, Wu Gong's virtues such as this, is its 'Wei Feng'?" For the song "King" said, "Beautiful! Thinking without fear, its Zhou's East!" For the song "Zheng", said: "Beautiful! Its fine has been very, the people can not stand. It is the first to die!" Song for the "Qi", said: "Beautiful, great! The wind is also great! Table of the East China Sea, its great public? The country is not measurable." For the song "Bin", said: "Beautiful, swinging! The Duke of Zhou's East?" For the song "Qin", said: "This is called the sound of summer. If you can summer is great, great to also, its Zhou's old!" For the song "Wei", said: "Beautiful, _____! Big and Wan, dangerous and easy to travel, to Germany to support this, then the Lord of the bright!" Song for the "Tang", said: "Think deep! Are there any survivors of the Tao Tang clan? Otherwise, why worry about the distance? Who can be like this if not after the virtue?" For... The song "Chen", said: "The country has no master, it can be long!" Since "Kuai" the following no ridicule!
Ji Zha, the son of Wu, came to visit Lu to request to see the music and dances of the Zhou Dynasty. The people of Lu asked the musicians to sing "Zhou Nan" and "Zhaonan" for him. Ji Zha said, "Beautiful! The foundation of education has begun to be laid, but it is not yet completed, yet the people have labored without resentment." The musicians sang for him the "Name Wind", "Yong Wind" and "Wei Wind". Ji Zha said, "Wonderful, how deep! Though there are sorrows, they are not troubled. I have heard that the virtues of Uncle Kang and Duke Wu of Wei are like this; this is probably the Wei Feng!" The musicians sang the King's Wind for him. Ji Zha said, "Wonderful! There is worry but no fear; this is probably the music of the Zhou after it moved eastward!" The musicians sang for him the "Zheng Feng". Ji Zha said, "Wonderful! But it's so tedious that the people can't stand it. This will probably be the first country to die." The musicians sang for him the Winds of Qi. Ji Zha said, "Wonderful, grand and far-reaching, this is the musical song of a great state! It is probably Taigong's country that can be an example to all the countries in the East Sea, isn't it? The country's fortune is truly unlimited!" The musicians sang the Southern Wind for him. Ji Zha said, "It's beautiful, it's broad and open! Joyful but not indulgent, probably the musical song of the Duke of Zhou during his campaign!" The musicians sang for him "The Winds of Qin". Ji Zha said, "This musical song is called Zheng Sheng. To be able to make a proper sound is naturally grand, grand to the extreme, probably a musical song from the Zhou's homeland!" The musicians sang the Wei Feng for him. Ji Zha said, "Beautiful, ah, light and floating! Rough and expansive yet graceful, changing and twisting yet easy to flow, with the aid of virtue, one can become a wise ruler" The musicians sang for him the "Tang Winds". The musicians sang the Tang Feng for him. Ji Zha said, "What a far-reaching thought! Probably a descendant of Emperor Yao! If not, why is the worry so far-reaching? Who could be like this, if not the descendant of one who has virtue?" , the musicians sang the Chen Feng for him. Ji Zha said, "Can a country last long without a master?" Singing again the musical songs below Kuai Feng, Ji Zha made no comment.
Singing "Xiao Ya" for it, he said. "Beautiful! Thought but not two, grievances but not say, its the decline of Zhou's virtue? There is still a remnant of the former king!" For the song "Daya", said: "Wide! Xixi Xi! The curvature of the body, the King of Wen's virtue?"
The musicians sang "Xiao Ya" for Ji Zha. Ji Zha said, "Wonderful! There are worries but no second thoughts, there are grudges but no words, this is probably the music song of the Zhou Dynasty when its virtue was declining, right? There are still remnants of the former king!"
The Song of Songs was sung for them, and they said, "To the very end! Straight but not arrogant, curved but not bent; near but not forced, far but not carry; move but not obscene, repeat but not tired; mourn but not sad, joy but not deserted; use but not scarcity, wide but not declared; give but not fee, take but not greedy; place but not bottom, line but not flow. The five voices are in harmony, the eight winds are calm; there are degrees of moderation, and the guards are in order. Shengde is the same!"
The musicians sang the Daya for him. Ji Zha said, "It is broad! The musicians sang for him the Ode. Ji Zha said, "Good to the core! Righteousness without arrogance, commiseration without boredom, grief without sorrow, joy without desolation, utilization without scarcity, broadness without ostentation, giving without depletion, receiving without greed, restfulness without stagnation, popularity without proliferation. The five voices harmonize and the eight tones are coordinated; the beats are lawful and the instruments are in order. These are all the character of one who possesses great virtue and great deeds***!"
He who saw the dance of "Elephant_" and "Southern Blow" said, "Beautiful, but still regrettable!" Those who saw the dance "Dawu" said, "Beautiful, the Zhou's prosperity, it is like this?" See dance "shao_", said: "the saint's Hong also, but still have shame virtue, the saint's difficult also!" See dance "Daxia" people, said: "beautiful! Diligence but not virtue. If not Yu, then who can fix it?" See dance "shao_" person ", said:" virtue to carry on! It is as great as the sky without a canopy, as the earth without a load! Though very full of virtue, its contempt to add to this carry on. The view stops! If there is other music, I dare not invite already!"
Ji Zha, after seeing the two dances, the Elephant Flute and the Southern Blow, said, "It's beautiful, but there's still something wrong with it!" When he saw the dance of "Dawu", he said, "It's beautiful. When the Zhou Dynasty was prosperous, it was probably like this." When I saw the dance "Zu Zu", I said, "It's not easy to be a saint when you're so great, but there are still shortcomings!" When I saw the dance "Daxia", I said, "Wonderful! Diligent in civil affairs without thinking himself meritorious. Who else but Xia Yu could make such music and dance!" When I saw the dance of Zuoxiao, I said, "Virtue has reached its zenith! Greatness, like the heavens covering nothing, like the earth containing nothing! Though there are those who have surpassed great virtue and great deeds, I am afraid they cannot surpass this one. I've reached the end of my viewing! If there are other musical dances, I dare not ask for more!"
Poems of the same dynasty
The Song of Caiwei, The First Month of the Spring King, The Ping of the Song and the Chu People, Wu Zi Envoys Za to Come to Hire, Yu Division Jin Division Destroys Xia Yang, Zheng Bo Kegs Duan in the Visayas, Zeng Sen Cooks a Swine, Zhizi Doubts His Neighbors, Shikuang Crashes into the Duke of Jin, and The Abusive Duke of Jin.
Click here for more detailed information about Ji Zha's Observation of Zhou Music/Ji Zha's Observation of Music
.- Previous article:How big are diapers usually cut?
- Next article:What is the future prospect of film and television animation?
- Related articles
- Why/kloc-Europeans in the 0/8th century say that Africans are the laziest people in the world?
- In the process of unification of the six states of the Qin Dynasty, why is it said that "Chu is the most difficult to extinguish"?
- What is the difference between black and black
- Which traditional festival in China is called "Year"?
- How to resolve the crime of putting oneself in another's position
- A 400-word excellent diary for the elderly day
- Good Korean songs, who recommends... It needs to be dance type.
- The difference between solid wood door and all solid wood door
- What can honey do for you?
- What are the similarities and differences between China ballet and western ballet?