Who can tell me something about the folk houses in China?

China's folk houses are an important type of traditional architecture in China and an important part of the folk house architecture system in ancient China. There are two systems of traditional architecture in China, official architecture and folk architecture. Official buildings such as palaces, temples, tombs, temples and mansions, and folk buildings such as houses, gardens, ancestral temples and halls. As one of the contents of traditional architecture, folk houses have obvious local characteristics and strong national characteristics because of their wide distribution and large number, which are closely related to the life and production of people of all ethnic groups. It summarizes its excellent characteristics and experience from the historical practice of the nation, and it is also used for reference and application in today's architectural creation.

The characteristics of folk houses mainly refer to the characteristics that reflect the most essential and representative things in ethnic areas in historical practice, especially those closely related to the lives, production methods, customs and aesthetic concepts of people of all ethnic groups. Ethnic experience mainly refers to the experience of how to meet the needs of life and production and fight against the natural environment under the social conditions at that time, such as the combination of topography and local experience, adapting to the climate, using local materials and adapting to the environment. This is the experience of teaching students in accordance with local conditions and aptitude.

Houses are distributed all over the country. Due to the differences in national historical traditions, living customs, humanistic conditions and aesthetic concepts, as well as the differences in natural conditions and geographical environment, the plane layout, structural methods, modeling and detailed features of residential buildings are also different, which are simple and natural, but also have their own characteristics. Especially in folk houses, people of all ethnic groups often reflect their wishes, beliefs, aesthetic concepts, and their most desired and favorite things into the decoration, patterns, colors and styles of folk houses through realistic or symbolic means. Such as cranes, deer, bats, magpies, plums, bamboos, lilies, Ganoderma lucidum, Wan Ziwen, Han palindromes, Yunnan Bai lotus, Dai elephant, peacock and betel nut. In this way, the folk houses of all ethnic groups in various regions present rich and colorful national characteristics.

Unlike official buildings, residential buildings do not have a set of procedural rules and regulations and practices. They can build houses according to local natural conditions, their own economic level and the characteristics of building materials. It can freely give full play to the greatest wisdom of the working people and build according to its own needs and the inherent laws of architecture. Therefore, it can fully reflect the characteristics of practical and reasonable function, flexible design, economical material structure and simple appearance in residential buildings. In particular, the builders and users of the vast number of houses are the same, designing, building and using by themselves, so the practice of houses is more people-oriented, economical and practical, and can best reflect the national and local characteristics.

It can be seen that the characteristics of folk houses mainly come from the national living customs, production methods, religious beliefs, psychological hobbies and aesthetic concepts, while the experience of folk houses comes from the local natural environment and climatic and geographical conditions. The two are inseparable and closely related, which together constitute the national cultural characteristics and local characteristics of folk houses.

There are countless kinds of folk houses in China. Siheyuan in Beijing, Mongolian yurts, caves in Henan, Shaanxi, tulou in Fujian and so on. Among them, I think the traditional Dai folk houses have the most national characteristics. Dai folk house is a kind of traditional folk house developed by Dai people under relatively primitive conditions according to local natural climate and natural economic conditions, which has strong local characteristics and distinctive historical characteristics. Dai people live in remote tropical areas, forming a completely different architectural style from the mainland. The enclosure structure of the house is light and transparent, and the symbolic courtyard wall-fence makes the house very open. This is one of the three characteristics of Dai traditional houses adapting to the natural environment. The second feature is formal language: according to the unique natural, social conditions and cultural customs in this area, a series of perfect and unique modeling languages have been formed from the whole to the details, that is, slender, implicit, gentle and charming styles. Third, living is the interpretation of human cognitive process of nature, society and culture. The internal temperament of the Dai people's gentleness, kindness, introversion and delicacy determines the negative characteristics of their houses-simplicity, lightness and gentleness, which is in sharp contrast with the vigorous, rough and solid shapes of the houses in China, Central Plains.

In short, with the continuous investigation and development, with the continuous summary and refinement of the characteristics and experience of traditional folk houses, and with the continuous transformation under new conditions, the colorful folk house culture will provide a steady stream of information and nutrients for the creation of new socialist buildings in China.