I want to know about chrysanthemum

Chrysanthemum is divided into the following four kinds:

Gongju Gongju Gongju is mainly produced in Shexian County, Anhui Province, cultivated in mountainous areas, the ligulate flowers of the capitulum is white, the center of the tubular flowers less or no. The chrysanthemum is mainly produced in Shexian County, Anhui Province, cultivated in mountainous areas. In the 22nd year of the Qing Dynasty (1896 AD), chrysanthemum was introduced from Deqing, Zhejiang Province by Huizhou merchants [1]. "De chrysanthemum" after the founding of the country gradually lost species, in 1982 when the field survey, there has been no planting, visit the original main production area of Deqing County, Tangqi (now belongs to Yuhang County) 60 years old people, but also did not see the local planted tea chrysanthemum. According to the 1932 Luo Dixian "Deqing fresh county" [2]: "chrysanthemum, green heart white petals, gas flavor sweet, unchanged for a long time, under the house, Leidian a variety of species, now known as the German chrysanthemum." The green heart is similar to the Gongju, and is clearly different from the yellow heart (tubular flowers) of the present-day Hangju.

In 1981, the survey learned that the Shexian fork in the 50's had planted "silver chrysanthemum", the heart of the green flowers, petals all with light green, leaves than the Gongju large and thick, the origin of the purchase price is higher than the usual Gongju, and then because of the flower farmers to the collective and the loss of species. This variety may have retained more of the characteristics of the earlier "De Ju".

In 1981, the survey also found that the chrysanthemum production area was generally mixed with a kind of "capital chrysanthemum", which had a slightly higher yield and a shorter growing period, and was used as a replenishment, but there were greenish-brown scales in the capitula, and the color was inferior to the quality, and the purchase price was low. 1997, the survey realized that the capital chrysanthemum had long been eliminated from the production area, and that the chrysanthemum field had been united with the "tribute chrysanthemum" variety. The quality of the chrysanthemum is stable.

Hangzhou chrysanthemum Hangzhou chrysanthemum began to be planted with chamomile, of which "De chrysanthemum" evolved into "Hui chrysanthemum" (i.e., Gong chrysanthemum). During the Qing Dynasty, there were many varieties of chrysanthemums in Zhejiang Province. The yellow ones produced in Liangzhu, Yuhang had "High-footed Yellow" and "Purple-tipped Huanhuan", while the white ones had "Thousand-leaf Jade Linglong"; the white ones produced in Haining had "Jinjing Jade Fence" and "Jinyi Jade Fence". There is "Jinjing jade railings" [3]. Later, the main production area gradually moved northward, forming the largest base of medicinal chrysanthemums in China in Tongxiang.

In 1982, three varieties of Hangzhou chrysanthemum were surveyed in Haining: the small white chrysanthemum (the original local species), the lake chrysanthemum, and the large white chrysanthemum (also known as the "foreign chrysanthemum"), which was introduced to the local area only a few years ago. At that time, no Hangzhou chrysanthemum was planted in the survey, and in 1997, Tongxiang City, the main production area of Hangzhou chrysanthemum, three varieties of Hangzhou chrysanthemum were planted, and the lake chrysanthemum, locally known as "soft pole", had the largest planting area, and was considered to be of the best quality; the small white chrysanthemum was also locally known as "hard pole", The small white chrysanthemum, also known locally as "hard pole" and "small foreign chrysanthemum", is also planted more; the large white chrysanthemum, locally known as "foreign chrysanthemum", is only sporadically planted. Flower farmers introduced that chrysanthemums are large and easy to pick, but they are of poor quality and difficult to sell, and are often mixed into lake chrysanthemums or small white chrysanthemums. The survey found that the small yellow chrysanthemum of Hangzhou chrysanthemum because the price is lower than that of Hangzhou white chrysanthemum, has no longer planted, only in the field ridge left a little seedling just, and the large yellow chrysanthemum did not collect specimens.

On the source of chrysanthemum, check the "updated pseudo-medicine discernment" [4] white chrysanthemum article in the cloud: "Xiamen out of the said chrysanthemum, dozens of large and flat, the heart is also large, cloudy taste sweet, more second." Here the chrysanthemum and chrysanthemum from the name, flower characteristics, quality are consistent. From the investigation, we know that although the large white chrysanthemum in Hangzhou chrysanthemum production area has the advantages of large flowers, easy to pick, high yield, but the origin has been excluded, it may be a recent introduction of varieties, and Cao Bingzhang introduction of Xiamen chrysanthemum may have a close relationship.

Chu chrysanthemum Chu chrysanthemum originated in Chuzhou, Dingyuan, early liberation, the main origin moved to Quanjiao County, around the factory. 50's Chu chrysanthemum varieties for the "old Chu chrysanthemum", characterized by scattered plants, large heads, sparse ligulate flowers, flowering, low yield, mu yield of only 15 ~ 25kg. 60's was selected for the breeding of the "In the 1960s, the new Chu chrysanthemum was selected and bred to replace the new Chu chrysanthemum, and the main origin of Chu chrysanthemum was in Quanjiao County in the 1960s, so the new Chu chrysanthemum is also known as the "whole chrysanthemum". The new Chu chrysanthemum plant is erect, the head is slightly smaller, ligulate flowers thick, flowers, mu yield up to 70 ~ 80kg. from the 60's, in the Chu chrysanthemum main production area of Quanjiao has never seen the old Chu chrysanthemum. 1981 to Chu County, Quanjiao investigation, visited the old production area, has not been able to look for the old Chu chrysanthemum.

In the 70's Chu chrysanthemum origin appeared varieties of degradation, degradation of plant stems, flowers are purple, tongue-shaped flowers to reduce the quality and yield decreased significantly, especially in the continuous operation of the ground is more likely to occur. 80's the degradation of varieties of gradual elimination. 1997 and 1998 two in-depth investigation of the production area, now Chu chrysanthemum flower color pure white, varieties of pure, stable quality of goods.

Boju Boju Boju production area is mainly planted varieties of "Boju", characterized by small heads, tongue-shaped flowers, tubular flowers, fewer scales in the inflorescence. In addition, there is a large-flowered varieties in the production area, locally known as "big horse teeth", also known as "stinking flowers", characterized by large head inflorescences, more tubular flowers, inflorescences also have scales. This species has been regarded as inferior varieties, pharmaceutical companies and drug dealers are not purchased, in recent years in Bozhou herb market is often seen, but the price is extremely low.

On the quality of Bozhou chrysanthemum, there are diametrically opposed evaluations in ancient and modern times, such as the "Hundred Herbs Mirror" [3] cloud: "chamomile that is, tea chrysanthemum, out of Zhejiang, Jiangxi is good, the shape of the small and fragrant, produced in Bozhou can not be used, white and slightly smelly." The Justice of the Materia Medica [5] chrysanthemum article also cloud: "Hang production of white small flowers, the smell of mellow quiet ...... If the white flowers produced in the ancient Bo, the smell is particularly pungent." In modern times, the commonly cultivated Boju chrysanthemum has small flowers with a clear odor and is considered to be of the best quality among the medicinal chrysanthemums [6, 7]. The difference in quality may be due to the different cultivars cultivated at different times, with the large, slightly smelly, pungent-smelling "Da Ma Ya" variety in the early days, and the small-smelling, small-flowered "Bo Ju" in recent years.

Huaiju The medicinal chrysanthemums in Henan have probably been cultivated for the longest time, and the early Dengzhou yellow and white chrysanthemums may have been the originators of the varieties of medicinal chrysanthemums that were selected and bred at a later stage. The chrysanthemum is one of the four major chrysanthemums, which has been famous for a long time. 1997, we went to Wuzhi County, the origin of chrysanthemum, and learned that there are two varieties of chrysanthemums, one of them is called "small chrysanthemum", with small inflorescences, white color, and few tubular flowers, which is considered to be of good quality, and its disposition is the same as that of the Boju chrysanthemum, which has been confirmed by observation of the co-cultivation of Boju chrysanthemums in 1998. Another variety is "Dahuaiju", with large inflorescences, many tubular flowers in the center, and yellow and then white ligulate flowers, which is different from other varieties and is an independent variety.

1.6 Jiju Jiju is mainly produced in Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province. 1997 to the origin of the investigation, collection of samples and the introduction of chrysanthemum seedling cultivation observation, and the "Boju" morphology and characteristics of the same. The local pharmaceutical company introduced that the chrysanthemum in Jiaxiang was introduced from Bozhou during the Qing Dynasty.

1.7 Qiju Qiju is mainly produced in Anguo, Hebei Province. Samples of the herb were collected twice, in 1989 and 1997, and were observed to be the same as "Boju".

1.8 Sichuan Chrysanthemum Sichuan Chrysanthemum is mainly produced in Zhongjiang, Sichuan, and has been lost in recent years.

1.8 Sichuan Chrysanthemum