Historical events and background of China in 1960s.

1960s is a very strange and important era.

In A.D. 1960, the western developed countries began to make the transition to the second modernization, the Soviet Union and other countries were carrying out the first modernization, and China just started the first modernization. At the same time, both capitalism and socialism are in a critical period of profound change (or reform), and most third world countries are in the stage of striving for independence or establishing a development model.

In the 1960 s, especially in its later period, after more than 20 years of post-war development and prosperity, the western world generally experienced serious political turmoil and slow development. The rapid rise of the third world shocked the world. The revolutionary movements against imperialism and colonialism, old and new, are constantly rising, and the armed struggle is magnificent, with good news spread frequently. America's war of aggression against Vietnam aroused anti-war and anti-imperialist movements all over the world, and the forces of peace and justice were increasing day by day. The anti-war movement, black civil rights movement, feminist movement and anti-tradition movement in the United States have intensified. France 1968: The End and the Beginning wrote: "The 1960s were synonymous with American human rights and the new left (faction) movement." The student worker movement represented by 1968, the French student movement that shocked the world, swept through most developed countries. There have been fierce rebel voices in major developed countries, and radical rebels are even imagining a new post-capitalist order. In the field of ideology and culture, 1968+0950, the right-wing conservative trend of thought represented by McCarthyism, which originated and flourished in western developed countries in the early 1950s, has become a spent force, postmodernism has sprung up everywhere, the left-wing trend of thought has swept across major western countries in a short time, and the influence of the western new left has expanded rapidly. The criticism of contemporary capitalism by the western left wing has reached a new height.

1960s is also an era when the differences and conflicts between the Eastern Group and other countries * * * production parties became public. Due to the development of differences on how to look at the post-war capitalist system, how to understand the transition from capitalism to socialism, how to understand socialism, how to understand war and peace, the international * * * capitalist movement had a serious debate and even split in the1960s. In western countries, because of dissatisfaction with the old leftist blindly following the Soviet Union and thinking that the traditional theory lacked the ability to solve the real problems in the West at that time, the "new leftist" came into being and continued to grow.

In the 1960 s, although the Soviet Union experienced abnormal leadership changes, the reforms that began in the 1950 s continued. By the end of 1960' s, the reform was not as strong as before, the speed of economic growth decreased, and Brezhnev's "stagnation period" began to appear. After 1968 "Prague Spring", the conservatism in eastern European countries rose and the reform process slowed down obviously.

In the mid-1960s, the Cultural Revolution broke out in China. At the beginning of the movement, the vigorous mass movement scenes and the call for the spirit of the Paris Commune excited the third world and the western left wing.

In a word, 1960s is a turbulent era, a radical era and an era of passion generation. It is so chaotic and harmonious, at least from the perspective of the process of world modernization. Only when we have a comprehensive and general grasp of this decade can we make a meaningful analysis of various events at that time; Only then did I know what I could and could not do at that time; Only then can I know what tasks can be put forward to the people at that time and what can't be put forward; Only then can we know why many things will happen and develop like this after 1970.