Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional stories - Characteristics of chemical fiber
Characteristics of chemical fiber
Chemical fiber has three advantages in the early stage of development: first, it is strong and durable; Second, it is easy to take care of and has the characteristics of anti-wrinkle and non-ironing; Third, industrial mass production can be carried out, unlike natural fibers, which occupy land, processing is time-consuming and laborious, and the output is limited.
2. Function
In the long process of human development, only dozens of natural fibers have been discovered and really utilized. Mankind has entered the era of chemical fiber, and hundreds of new varieties of chemical fiber have been invented in just a hundred years.
3. High sensitivity
Fundamentally speaking, natural fiber is the product of natural selection, so it has all-encompassing properties. That is to say, from the comprehensive evaluation of a fiber, no chemical fiber can be compared with natural fiber, but from the local indicators, the performance of many chemical fiber varieties exceeds natural fiber.
Extended data:
Chemical fiber:
Fibers made of natural or synthetic polymers. Common textiles, such as viscose cloth, polyester khaki, nylon stockings, acrylic wool and polypropylene carpet, are all made of chemical fiber. According to the different sources of raw materials, chemical fibers can be divided into:
(1) man-made fiber, containing natural polymer substances (such as cellulose, etc. ) as raw materials, viscose fiber, etc.
(2) Synthetic fibers, using synthetic polymers as raw materials, such as polyester.
(3) Inorganic fiber, taking inorganic materials as raw materials, such as glass fiber. Since the first rayon was pulled out in the18th century, great progress has been made in the variety, fiber-forming method and spinning technology of chemical fibers.
Chemical fibers are usually prepared by making natural or synthetic polymers or inorganic substances into spinning melts or solutions, then filtering, metering, extruding from spinnerets (plates) into liquid streams, and then curing to form fibers. The fiber at this time is called primary fiber. Its mechanical properties are poor, so it can't be used directly. It must go through a series of post-processing procedures to meet the requirements of textile processing and use.
Post-processing is mainly to stretch and heat set the fiber to improve its mechanical properties and dimensional stability. Stretching is to orient macromolecules or structural units in nascent fibers along the fiber axis; Heat setting is mainly to relax the internal stress in the fiber.
The post-treatment of wet-spun fiber also includes washing, oiling and drying. When spinning filaments, they can be wound into tubes through the above procedures; When spinning staple fibers, it is necessary to increase the procedures of crimping, cutting and packing.
Baidu encyclopedia-chemical fiber fabrics
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