Sanqin Culture-Calligraphy and Seal Painting and Sculpture-Sealing

Sanqin Culture-Calligraphy, Seal, Painting, Sculpture-Seal

Seal is a unique traditional culture with deep cultural heritage. Several major civilizations in the world, such as India, the two river basins also nourished this cultural phenomenon of the seal, but with China's style and usage is very different, and such as a flash in the pan and eventually extinct. China in the ancient seal based on the Yuan a change for the Oriental unique seal cutting art. Within a square inch, there are thousands of weather conditions. Nowadays, there are hundreds of seal groups, and seal carving enthusiasts are even more difficult to count.

Everyone who loves seal carving knows the saying "the seal of the Qin and Han dynasties". The Qin and Han seals with its natural and orderly, graceful and ancient and for the practitioners of seal as an unquestionable method. No wonder the knowledge of the theory: "seal of the Zong Han, such as poetry of the Zong Tang, the word of the Zong Jin." (Xi Gang, one of the eight Xiling artists of the Qing Dynasty) Shaanxi, as the former capital of the Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang dynasties, played the most important role in the formation, development and transformation of seals and seals during the important period. Its tradition of sealing can be written and remembered.

The Chinese seal originated in Shang, but there are very few relics from Shang and Zhou, only a few examples. To the Warring States, Chinese seals entered the first period of prosperity. At that time, the seal mainly Qi, Yan, Jin, Chu, Qin five systems. Qin system in the ancient seal of the Warring States accounted for a small proportion of the ancient seal, but the style and the six countries are distinctly different. On the one hand, this is the Qin seal used in the Qin system of text inheritance of the late Western Zhou bronze inscriptions of the legacy of the text of the neat and standardized, and the Qin right to edict version of the same orthography, different from the six countries. In addition, the Qin seal more border, between the "field grid", "day grid", gradually opened after the unification of the Qin seal method. The content of a large number of auspicious seals and idiomatic seals. After the Qin and the world to Li Si small seal script and unique in the world, the Qin system of ancient seal gradually replaced the six ancient seal and become the mainstream of the Qin and Han seals and seals.

The Qin seal, like other Qin culture, has a founding role in the millennium Chinese feudal society. First, the Qin dynasty in Chinese history for the first time in the formation of a more complete official seal system, up to the center of the eunuchs down to the local township Pavilion minor officials do not use the seal. The official seal was issued by the central government, and was controlled by the official in charge of the "Fu Jie Ling Cheng". The use of official seals was punishable by severe penalties. Secondly, "Since the Qin Dynasty, the Son of Heaven has been using only the seal, and only jade, and no minister dares to use it." (Old Han Rituals) The strict hierarchical system was adopted and perfected by later generations. Thirdly, the Qin seal used the small seal script, which evolved into the Mu seal script in the Western Han Dynasty and was followed for the next two thousand years. Qin seals are often characterized by a field grid or a day grid. The arrangement of seals is not uniform, but there are left reading, horizontal reading and pair reading. Private seal has a half pass, square, round and other styles, the seal surface boundary grid cut and not equal proportions, but according to the number of strokes character width, plus chiseled, more naive, childish, fresh.

In the history of seal science, the Western Han Dynasty is extremely important and brilliant era, which inherited and perfected the Qin Dynasty official seal system, directly affecting and influencing the Eastern Han Dynasty and even the Wei, Jin and North and South Dynasties of the seal style. Western Han seals can be roughly divided into early, middle and late three periods. Early: the official seal extended the qin dynasty boundary grid method, but the font is relatively regular and thick. New snake button, fish button. Commonly used nose button and turtle button. The seal platform is thin, the Qin seal general zero point three to zero point six centimeters, the early Western Han general zero point six centimeters. Later more thick than this. The middle period: the most notable feature is the emergence of the five character seal and the new seal of the name "chapter". Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty in the first year of the first year (104) provides two thousand stone or more senior officials with five words, the name is "chapter". Such as "left FengYi seal" ("sealing mud KaoLiu") and not called "left FengYi seal". In addition, the Qin along to the early Han dynasty boundary grid seal out of the printing world. Late: the Han seal tends to be thick, neat, straight, more square and robust rich. Two-sided seals appeared in private seals. The Xinmang period was a special period for Chinese seals, with five or six characters, and no four-character seals. There appeared some retro official names that were adapted from it. Such as "Ma Chancellor", "Zai", "male" and so on. Mang seal production exquisite, elegant and smooth, high artistic value.

The Han seal is straight and square, graceful and elegant. Both easy to start learning, but also in line with the Confucian Confucianism thick implicit simplicity revered, so for thousands of years has been with the word Jin, Tang poetry, Song lyrics and known as the art world. Dai qiwei "tsunoyue building seal appreciation" cloud: "qin and han seals, passed on to date, no less than bell, wangfa post. Covering the post is still with workers copying, not handwriting. Only seals from the ancients hand out, knife, seal script, chapter all in." Therefore, since the Ming and Qing dynasties since the rise of seal science, the printing world giants, such as Wu let Zhi, Zhao Zhiqian, Wu Changshuo, Huang Shiling, Qi Baishi from the Han seal, the creation of their or Huazhi, or chunzhi, or more muddy, or Qing Jian, or the old and spicy style of art.

The Qin and Han Dynasties did not have vermilion sealing clay, seals are applied to the sealing clay or pottery, these seals by the evolution of the millennium, more apparent appearance of ancient God false natural beauty. Shaanxi is the Qin and Han Dynasty seal mud pottery text unearthed in more areas. "The Tao is in the tile" (Laozi), all these gave great artistic inspiration to later generations of seal carvers, and nourished a generation of seal carving masters such as Wu Changshuo.

After the seal entered the Wei, Jin and Northern Dynasties, it became more and more lax, rough and fierce. Such as Xi'an unearthed in the sixteen Kingdoms period "Guangwu General Chapter" (Shandong University cultural relics showroom collection), Xianyang Yangling unearthed in the Northern Dynasties "Qingshui male chapter" (Xianyang Cultural Conservation Center collection) and so on. The "General's Seal" chiseled with a lettering knife is simple, with interjections in the strokes, jagged chapters, and fierce punching knives. It has attracted a lot of attention from modern printers. "Avenue vertical and horizontal, boldly go" (Qi Baishi language) of the printing world of wizards Qi Baishi that directly benefited from this.

As mentioned earlier, before the Northern Dynasties, the seal was applied to the sealing clay pottery, so the official seal are all Yin, suppressed on the clay pottery on the contrary for the Yang, eye-catching and beautiful. Because of this, the official seal is not large, in two point three centimeters or so. To the Sui and Tang dynasties, paper is widely used, the seal receptor from the clay to paper. At the same time the seal clay appeared, the Chinese seal into its most significant period of transition - the Sui and Tang dynasties. During this period, seals were generally increased to roughly five centimeters or more, the characters were changed from yin to yang, and the seal script was changed from the small seal script to the more coiled seal script, and then to the Song Dynasty to form the mature "Nine Stacks of Writings", which was used in official seals all the way up to the Qing Dynasty and even the Republic of China. The content of the official seal from the official seal (such as Weinan unearthed in the early Western Han Dynasty, "Changping Family Prime Minister" seal) to the granting of the official department (such as Xianyang unearthed Sui "right Wuwei right eighteen car ride seal").

Sui official seal in less than ten, and the Tang seal surface style is extremely difficult to distinguish. It is appropriate to use the name of the official and the seal button type system to identify. For example: Sui "right Wuwei right eighteen car ride seal", passed out of Xianyang in 1993. The seal is square, with a side length of 5.3 centimeters (about 2 inches in the Sui system). The seal platform is 1.4 cm high, the knob is 1.7 cm high, and the diameter of the pier is 0.8 cm. The seal is made of coiled lines, and the depth of the coiled lines is 1.1 centimeters. This seal is shorter and thicker than the Han and Wei snout buttons, which were inherited from the Han and Wei dynasties. The seal is nearly round, unlike the Tang seals. Tang dynasty official seal nose button high, wear with the lengthening, has been presented to the Song and Yuan rectangular plate button transition trend. Such as the collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing Tang "in the province of the seal", the side length of five point eight, knob high two point six, long wear high one point four centimeters. From the seal text, sui seal are not use "the" word, and tang seal with. Examination of the literature this seal for the year 581 to 607 years of the great sui awarded to the right wuwei right eighteen car ride house of the official seal. In recent years, Shaanxi unearthed the Sui and Tang seals and "thousand cattle House seal" "Wannian County seal" "Pauline County seal" and so on.