Population aging problems and measures

I. Characteristics of aging in China

The problem of aging in China mainly has the following characteristics. First of all, China has entered an aging society since 2000, and the speed of aging is getting faster and faster, by 2013, the population aged 65 years old occupied more than 14% of the total population.

The second feature of the performance is that the development of population aging ahead of economic development, although aging when social progress and economic development, due to the implementation of the family planning policy, resulting in economic development lagging behind the aging population, relative to China, the developed countries of the West in the economically developed period of the phenomenon of population aging, such as developed countries, the economic development of the period is from the mid-19th century to the 20th century, and the population is aging. Period is in the mid-19th century to the early 20th period, aging is in the mid-20th century, 65-year-old population accounted for 9% of the total population, the per capita gross domestic product in the 1000 U.S. dollars, but the value of our country reached more than 300 U.S. dollars (2001 Ministry of Labor and Social Security Department of the Law statistics), with this can be seen in comparison with other countries, our country's aging speed to exceed the pace of economic development, resulting in the working age of the population dependency ratio rose, to the economy, and to the economy. Population dependency ratio increases, the impact on the economy, as described below.

The third characteristic of China's aging problem exists in stages and progressive, since China's reform and opening up due to the special characteristics of the demographic structure of the population's birth rate is suddenly high and low, in the reform and opening up to encourage childbearing, so in the 1970s, there have been two peaks of childbearing since the implementation of family planning has led to the birth rate plummeted, the pace of aging accelerated. The last feature is that there is a great spatial imbalance in the aging of the population, refers to the East and West, urban and rural development of aging imbalance, urban realizations of aging much faster than rural areas.

Second, the impact of population aging on the economy

China's population aging impact on the economy is first manifested in the decline in the proportion of the working population, resulting in a serious shortage of labor force, in the overall population occupies the core and dominant position is often the working-age population, the accelerated aging of China's labor force indicates a lack of labor resources, showing the phenomenon of insufficient labor force resources, not to the benefit of economic development, it is expected that in 2020, China's labor force is expected to increase by more than 20%. Development, it is expected that in 2020 China's working-age population may fall to about 64.0%, as early as a few years ago in Shanghai, there was a "youth deficit" phenomenon, a serious shortage of labor force, with the accelerated pace of China's aging, this phenomenon will be staged in many areas, seriously restricting the development of the economy.

Secondly, aging has caused the total supply coefficient to rise, leading to an increase in the cost of labor, in 1990, China's total supply factor was 56.9, according to the speed of aging, it is expected that the total supply coefficient will reach 70.0 in 2030, which will make the society bear a significant economic burden, and also reduce the competitiveness of the products. Thirdly, the speed of aging will inevitably lead to the state or enterprise pension expenditure aggravation, serious impact on the expansion of production, the increase in retirees will inevitably make the pension expenditure costs increased seriously, is expected in 2030 China's pension payment costs will reach 7321.954 billion yuan, and also will maintain a long-term growth trend, seriously affecting the expansion in the production. In addition, the aging of the working population has a great limiting effect on the development of science and technology and labor productivity.

Three, to solve the aging of a few suggestions

To cope with the challenges arising from China's aging, should be alleviated from the following aspects, first of all, to change the traditional concepts to the positive aging change, China's aging rate is increasingly fast, if our elderly can give full play to the role that can be played, will inevitably be greatly weakened to a certain extent the negative impact of aging, of course, to cope with the challenge of aging. The ultimate goal of the challenges of aging is not healthy aging, the second is to make the elderly population become a constructive force for social development, is the society to become a society for all ages **** enjoy.

Secondly, society should try to build a diversified pension model with the family as the pension model, China's traditional "parents in, not far away from the trip" thought on the promotion of the pension responsibility over the concept of personal development, the family model of old age relative to other pension model has shown a strong vitality and superiority, though With the development of society, this form of old-age gradually changed, but China should still adhere to this model of old-age unswervingly. In addition, in order to better adapt to the challenges of aging, the state must also actively establish a set of perfect social service model of old age, called the family model of old age useful supplement.

Thirdly, China should further promote the legislation on the elderly, so that the rights and interests of the elderly can be well protected, China promulgated the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly in 1996, but it is not yet standardized enough, and the construction of the law is still lagging behind the development of aging. Finally, our country should implement a more flexible retirement system, so that the elderly can be reasonably utilized, our country can learn from some foreign experience, for some technical content of the industry, you can selectively and appropriately raise the age of retirement, to alleviate the pressure of the aging population, in addition to all over the world in order to be able to more reasonably utilize the talents, you can establish the corresponding elderly talent, so that some of the elderly can be well utilized. be well utilized