What are the major events in Chinese history for middle school teacher certification?

The Beginning of the Age of Civilization in Ancient China

Xia Dynasty: around the 21st century B.C., the first slave state in China's history, Xia, was established.

Shang Dynasty: the emergence of oracle bone inscriptions, King Wu's conquest of the Zhou Dynasty

China's written history began with the Shang Dynasty. During the Shang Dynasty, writing was mainly inscribed on oracle bones, bronze and other artifacts, with the most being inscribed on oracle bones, and the writing inscribed on oracle bones was called "oracle bone writing".

The Western Zhou: Through the feudal system, the Western Zhou united the power and the right of the clan, and established a strict hierarchical subordination by determining the authority and property inheritance based on the affinity of blood relationship.

Spring and Autumn and Warring States: The "Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period" and the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period", Shang Yang's change of law, and the "Hundred Schools of Thought Controversy"

" The "Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period" - Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Xiang of Song, Duke Wen of Jin, Duke Mu of Qin and King Zhuang of Chu. Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin are known as the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States". In 356 B.C., Duke Xiaodong of Qin appointed Shang Yang to change the law. The "Hundred Schools of Thought" was the first ideological liberation movement in China, which led to the formation of China's traditional cultural system.

Qin Dynasty: The unification of the six states, the burning of books and burying of scholars, and the revolts of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang

Winzheng, the king of Qin, wiped out the six states and achieved unification in 221 BC, establishing the Qin Dynasty, with its capital at Xianyang, and setting up and perfecting the centralized system of authoritarianism.

Han Dynasty: The War of Chu and Han, the rule of Wen and Jing, the dismissal of the Hundred Schools of Thought, respect for Confucianism, Zhang Qian's passage to the Western Regions, the Battle of Guandu, and the Battle of Red Cliffs

Sui-Dynasty: the Imperial Examination System, and the digging of the Grand Canal

The Imperial Examination System: During the reigns of the Sui Emperor Wendi and the Sui Emperor Yang, the official system was reformed, with the setting up of six ministries and three departments in the central government, and the establishment of the Imperial Examination System.

Tang Dynasty: The Rule of Zhenguan, Wu Zetian's change from Tang to Zhou, the reign of Kaiyuan, and the Anshi Rebellion

Song Dynasty: Wang Anshi's change of law, and the Jingkang Rebellion

Yuan Dynasty: Yuan's unification of China

Ming Dynasty: Zheng He's voyage to the West, Qi Jiguang's fight against Japanese invaders, and Zheng Cheng Chenggong's restoration of Taiwan

Qing Dynasty: Lin Zexu's elimination of cigarettes at the Tiger Gate, the first Opium War, the humiliating Nanjing Treaty, the British and French burning of the Round Treaty, the British and French invasion of the Great Canal

Qing Dynasty: Lin Zexu's elimination of smoke at Humen, the First Opium War and the humiliating Treaty of Nanjing, the British and French burning of the Yuanmingyuan, the Foreign Affairs Movement, the Hundred Days' Reform, and the Eight-Power Allied Forces invasion of China

The signing of a series of unequal treaties, such as the Opium War and the Treaty of Nanjing, was the beginning of China's subjugation to Western capitalism, and the beginning of the gradual degeneration of China into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.