Grouting technology commonly used in mine water disaster control

Grouting techniques commonly used in mine water disaster control are divided according to the time sequence of engineering construction, including pre-grouting in advance and grouting after water outlet; According to grouting materials, there are cement grouting, clay grouting, chemical grouting and mixed grouting. According to the nature of the project, there are jet grouting, aquifer curtain sealing grouting, aquifer reconstruction and water-resisting layer thickening and reinforcement grouting, roadway or wellbore isolation and sealing grouting; According to the movement state (or speed) of groundwater in the injection layer, there are still water grouting and dynamic water grouting.

The first successful application of grouting water plugging technology in China began in the middle and late 1950s. During the period of 1955 ~ 1957, Zibo Mining Bureau successfully restored the flooded Xiajialin mine of 1934. At that time, the grouting method of water plugging was relatively simple, only using drill pipe grouting method, using raw cowhide, dried kelp and soybeans as slurry plugs, and only using single liquid dilute cement slurry method with water cement ratio of 1.5 ~ 2.0. However, its success provides technical approaches and methods for preventing and controlling water disasters in coal mines in China. In the process of well construction, 1954 ~ 1955 used grouting technology to prevent water disasters for the first time in China. At that time, sodium silicate and calcium chloride were used in the construction of air shaft in Linxi Mine, Kailuan, which combined calcium ion and silicate ion to consolidate and control the water damage caused by quicksand. However, because the grouting technology of "electrical silicification method" was still in the research and experimental stage, this grouting water control project failed. It was not until 1959 that the freezing method was used to cross the alluvium during the well construction in Jinggezhuang Mine of Kailuan Mining Bureau that the water inrush accident occurred in the sandstone on the roof of No.5 coal seam. In order to control the water disaster quickly and resume the mine construction project, it took several years to drill more than 5000 meters of drilling ruler, inject more than 2800 tons of cement and more than 800 tons of water glass, and finally achieved the success of water control.

In the late 1960s, grouting technology was widely used in the comprehensive control of mine water disasters in China, and gradually became an effective mine water disaster control technology. 1962, the former Mine Geology Research Office of Tangshan Coal Research Institute and Xuzhou Mining Bureau took the lead in carrying out the technology and process test of curtain grouting closed control of water disasters in Xiaqiao Mine of Xuzhou Mining Bureau, and successfully carried out the industrial test of curtain grouting closed control of water disasters in Qingshan Spring Mine of Xuzhou. Since then, China has gradually formed a relatively complete grouting technology and a large-scale mechanized grouting system, and developed a high-consistency thickening slurry that is not easily diluted by water, which is used in grouting materials, making grouting technology and methods an important step in large-scale transformation of hydrogeological conditions that are not conducive to mining.

Since 1980s, grouting technology has developed rapidly in order to control flood disasters with large flow and high velocity. Especially in Fangezhuang Mine of Kailuan 1984, a set of relatively complete theories and methods of grouting to prevent water disasters under dynamic water conditions have been formed. From the end of 1980s to the beginning of 1990s, Shandong Feicheng Mining Bureau researched and developed the engineering technology and method of transforming the thin limestone aquifer under the floor of coal seam into aquifuge by grouting technology in the process of grouting treatment for many large-flow water inrush disasters, and achieved good water disaster control effect. At present, our country not only has mature supporting technology, but also has formed a relatively perfect equipment system in mine water disaster grouting control technology.