Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional stories - Weight collection value
Weight collection value
Weight collection value
Yes, since the emergence of human private ownership, there has been the concept of balance and prototype, which has become the most primitive barter tool, which is also related to the later tax system. Judging from the existing unearthed and handed down rights, China's earliest right was the right of peace and Chu, which was widely circulated during the Warring States Period. Qin Quan is a steamed bread with spherical buttons at the top, which is ribbed; The Qin Dynasty was a system promulgated by the government to unify the national balance. Including Qin Quan in the Warring States Period and Qin Quan in the Warring States Period, which was reissued after the unification of Qin State. Most of Qin Quan is made of copper, a few are made of iron, and occasionally are made of ceramics. There are eight kinds of stone rights: 1 kg, 5 kg, 8 kg, 16 kg, 20 kg, 24 kg, 30 kg, 1. All the rights are attached to the imperial edicts uniformly measured in the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (22 1 year BC), and some of them were added to the imperial edicts in the first year of the following year (209 BC). Made in Qin Ershi, engraved with two letters at the same time; What is engraved on individual rights? Yangmei? (now Shaanxi Fufeng),? Pingyang? (now Zou County, Shandong Province) and other place names. In addition to Qin Quan, Shaanxi xianyang, Xi 'an, Lintong, Baoji, Gansu Qin 'an, Shandong Wendeng, Jiangsu Xuyi, Shanxi Zuoyun, Hebei Weichang, Inner Mongolia Chifeng and Aohan Banner have all been unearthed. At the end of the occupation, the bronze stone rights of the Qin state's high slaves unearthed in Xi' an Gaoyao Village, weight unit? Walsh? , for the use of grain and grass; Small handed down from ancient times? Xianyang pavilion half two? Yeah, and then what? Weigh money? Match use. In the mid-Warring States period, Sima Cheng became a public power, and the inscription recorded the weight and weighing standard of relevant personnel and power. Qin Shihuang annexed six countries, unified measurement, and issued imperial edicts, which were cast on weights and measures or made into imperial edicts embedded in weights and measures as official standards. There are forty words in the imperial edict:? In twenty-six years, the emperor became a vassal of the world, and he was made emperor. This is a letter to the Prime Minister, and it is also a letter to the Prime Minister, but it is not an apology. Anyone who doubts it knows. ? In the second year, I wrote 60 letters: In the first year, the system of imperial edict to the prime minister, the method of removing diseases and measuring were all carved by the emperor. Today's bugle call, but the inscription is not called the first emperor, that was a long time ago. If the heir did it, it would not be called merit. Carve this imperial edict, just on the left, so there is no doubt. ? This is the imperial power of the Qin Dynasty. Qin Shihuang's unified measurement system had a great influence on later generations, which was also one of the important reasons for the prosperity of the Qin Dynasty. On the other hand, Chuquan is mostly round, with semi-circular ring buttons, usually consisting of ten, which are used on the balance. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, nearly 2,000 Chu tombs have been cleared and excavated in Hunan, among which1kloc-0/unearthed a weight called Qian Tianping. When using them, we should take money as a weight. This weight is engraved with weight. Sizhu? Or some twos. People used scales and weights as funerary objects, which was related to the circulation of gold at that time. Because gold is expensive, it needs accurate weight in the transaction. Many scales and weights were unearthed in Chu tombs, which indirectly proved that gold was widely used in Chu at that time.
From the Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty for more than 700 years, it was basically used? Weigh money? , that is, the weight of money and money power, has long been the basic monetary system in ancient China. According to the regulations of the money order at that time, anyone who dares to choose light over heavy should not take it. How about weighing the money? Those who weigh coins should be severely punished, and they should be punished for ten days of forced labor.
Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties all had weights and measures management systems, which clearly stipulated that private manufacturing was not allowed. In the Zhou Dynasty, the temperature changed little in mid-spring and mid-autumn every year. Weigh the same size? . Qin dynasty? Method measurement? One school a year, the state issues standard weighing instruments, which are strictly checked every year to ensure the absolute accuracy of the weight. When receiving or borrowing, it is calibrated face to face and there is no mistake. On the right is the calibration weight, that is, the standard weight. In the Tang Dynasty, a special supervisor was appointed to check the weighing instruments and stamp them before they could be used. In the Ming Dynasty, its company Sima Ling was responsible for calibrating weighing instruments.
The ancient right not only has a high collection value, but also is a precious cultural relic for studying history, politics, economy, culture, calligraphy, metrology, etc., which has artistic appreciation value and can also prove the history of Chinese weights and measures, the development history of bronzes and the evolution history of ceramic industry. 1990165438+1October, our public security department cracked a cultural relic case in the ancient city of Xi' an, and recovered a national first-class cultural relic, a rare treasure of the Qin Dynasty. One found in Suiwang County, Henan Province? Five years RMB? Bronze right (1339) has also been designated as a provincial second-class cultural relic, which shows its high value. The Reference Standard for Cultural Relics Export Appraisal also expressly stipulates that all kinds of weights and measures and accessories (such as ancient rights) before 1795 shall not be exported. It can be seen that the state attaches importance to ancient rights.
China's weighing instruments not only enjoy a high status in China, but also enjoy a high evaluation in the world. Even the traditional small scale (measuring the weight of valuables or medicines, the maximum unit is twenty or forty cents) is very popular and has caused a sensation abroad. Here is a little story; In the early 1990s, Mr. Yu Qi, who went to a medical college in Europe for further study, brought a pair of handcuffed handcuffs that didn't cost much in Suzhou as a small gift to the dean on Christmas Eve, and attached instructions, introducing the accuracy of handcuffs in controlling the dosage of drugs in China, and the situation that many hospitals in China are still using these traditional handcuffs. Unexpectedly, the dean suddenly summoned the next day, and several college officials were also present. The pole is on the table, with a balance beside it. The dean first solemnly expressed his thanks, and then asked Mr. Yu to demonstrate the operation of clapping. After weighing it with clappers, they rechecked it with scales, and it was really accurate. Suddenly there was a burst of applause. At this time, the dean asked Mr. Yu to agree to transfer the gift to the college. Soon, China's ancient weighing instruments were fitted with exquisite seats and displayed in the exhibition window of collection room College. Explain and say? China has used this scale to control the dosage of drugs for thousands of years. .
At present, there are tens of thousands of ancient rights handed down and unearthed in China, most of which are collected in national museums at all levels. In the field of domestic collection, there are relatively few ancient rights before the Southern Song Dynasty, but most of them are folk artifacts after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Because the market price of these artifacts is relatively low, there are few imitations on the market, and the price is about 100 yuan to 1000 yuan. On the contrary, there are inscriptions on the standard ancient rights tested by official authorities in past dynasties, and their functions, years and manufacturing units are relatively clear, so they are very valuable for collection, and the prices are all around 10 thousand yuan. The market price of a standard copper right with inscription in Qin Ershi period is 654.38+500,000 yuan, so there is still a great price space for this right in the market.
Weight collection history
? There is a steelyard between heaven and earth, and the people are the most important. ? The theme song of the TV series "Prime Minister Liu" was sung vividly? How much does a small scale weigh? Philosophy. This? Weighing? It is power. Yes, the Han dynasty called it tired (tired), and the people called it? Fair old man? . In Qing Dynasty, Li Guangting said in Volume IV of Xiang Yi:? Does the shopkeeper call his weight a lucky boy and his weight a fair old man? . Weigh the level, the level is fair. Heavy, commonly known as heavy hammer and heavy hammer, is the weight of copper, iron, pottery, porcelain and stone that can be moved above the suspended beam and the weight of later generations. Hanshu said:? Power, baht, second, gold, jun, stone also, so it is said that things are flat and know the weight. ? In other words, an object with weight is called a scale, which is a rod and a weight is a weight. ? Weighing? This is how the word came into being. Su Shi put it most clearly: people are believers because they have eyes, ears and feet, know the amount of knowledge and know the weight of their hands. However, those who do not measure by hand will be measured and weighed. ? On the theory of pipe punishment:? Things are governed by law, and the law has no right. ? Power is like a steelyard, used to weigh the world's major events.
Yes, since the emergence of human private ownership, there has been the concept of balance and prototype, which has become the most primitive barter tool, which is also related to the later tax system. Judging from the existing unearthed and handed down rights, China's earliest right was the right of peace and Chu, which was widely circulated during the Warring States Period. Qin Quan is a steamed bread with spherical buttons at the top, which is ribbed; The Qin Dynasty was a system promulgated by the government to unify the national balance. Including Qin Quan in the Warring States Period and Qin Quan in the Warring States Period, which was reissued after the unification of Qin State. Most of Qin Quan is made of copper, a few are made of iron, and occasionally are made of ceramics. There are eight kinds of stone rights: 1 kg, 5 kg, 8 kg, 16 kg, 20 kg, 24 kg, 30 kg, 1. All the rights are attached to the imperial edicts uniformly measured in the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (22 1 year BC), and some of them were added to the imperial edicts in the first year of the following year (209 BC). Made in Qin Ershi, engraved with two letters at the same time; What is engraved on individual rights? Yangmei? (now Shaanxi Fufeng),? Pingyang? (now Zou County, Shandong Province) and other place names. In addition to Qin Quan, Shaanxi xianyang, Xi 'an, Lintong, Baoji, Gansu Qin 'an, Shandong Wendeng, Jiangsu Xuyi, Shanxi Zuoyun, Hebei Weichang, Inner Mongolia Chifeng and Aohan Banner have all been unearthed. At the end of the occupation, the bronze stone rights of the Qin state's high slaves unearthed in Xi' an Gaoyao Village, weight unit? Walsh? , for the use of grain and grass; Small handed down from ancient times? Xianyang pavilion half two? Yeah, and then what? Weigh money? Match use. In the mid-Warring States period, Sima Cheng became a public power, and the inscription recorded the weight and weighing standard of relevant personnel and power. Qin Shihuang annexed six countries, unified measurement, and issued imperial edicts, which were cast on weights and measures or made into imperial edicts embedded in weights and measures as official standards. There are forty words in the imperial edict:? In twenty-six years, the emperor became a vassal of the world, and he was made emperor. This is a letter to the Prime Minister, and it is also a letter to the Prime Minister, but it is not an apology. Anyone who doubts it knows. ? In the second year, I wrote 60 letters: In the first year, the system of imperial edict to the prime minister, the method of removing diseases and measuring were all carved by the emperor. Today's bugle call, but the inscription is not called the first emperor, that was a long time ago. If the heir did it, it would not be called merit. Carve this imperial edict, just on the left, so there is no doubt. ? This is the imperial power of the Qin Dynasty. Qin Shihuang's unified measurement system had a great influence on later generations, which was also one of the important reasons for the prosperity of the Qin Dynasty. On the other hand, Chuquan is mostly round, with semi-circular ring buttons, usually consisting of ten, which are used on the balance. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, nearly 2,000 Chu tombs have been cleared and excavated in Hunan, among which1kloc-0/unearthed a weight called Qian Tianping. When using them, we should take money as a weight. This weight is engraved with weight. Sizhu? Or some twos. People used scales and weights as funerary objects, which was related to the circulation of gold at that time. Because gold is expensive, it needs accurate weight in the transaction. Many scales and weights were unearthed in Chu tombs, which indirectly proved that gold was widely used in Chu at that time.
From the Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty for more than 700 years, it was basically used? Weigh money? , that is, the weight of money and money power, has long been the basic monetary system in ancient China. According to the regulations of the money order at that time, anyone who dares to choose light over heavy should not take it. How about weighing the money? Those who weigh coins should be severely punished, and they should be punished for ten days of forced labor.
Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties all had weights and measures management systems, which clearly stipulated that private manufacturing was not allowed. In the Zhou Dynasty, the temperature changed little in mid-spring and mid-autumn every year. Weigh the same size? . Qin dynasty? Method measurement? One school a year, the state issues standard weighing instruments, which are strictly checked every year to ensure the absolute accuracy of the weight. When receiving or borrowing, it is calibrated face to face and there is no mistake. On the right is the calibration weight, that is, the standard weight. In the Tang Dynasty, a special supervisor was appointed to check the weighing instruments and stamp them before they could be used. In the Ming Dynasty, its company Sima Ling was responsible for calibrating weighing instruments.
Events collected by weight
? There is a steelyard between heaven and earth, so what is so heavy is our common people? This familiar lyric reflects the close relationship between the steelyard and people's life. With the development of the times and the popularity of electronic scales, the steelyard gradually faded out of people's lives, but at the same time it also entered the collectors' field of vision.
Zhang Kuisheng, a collector in Jinan, has collected more than 3,000 scales for more than ten years, becoming a leader in this new collection category.
Zhang Kuisheng's collection began in 2000. More than ten animal weights presented by Qingzhou friends are his? Primitive accumulation since then, he has been out of control. His weight collection has obvious characteristics: first, it covers all dynasties, as early as Qin and Han dynasties, and now; Second, rich materials, including copper, iron, porcelain, pottery, copper, gold, etc. Third, there are various shapes, such as round, hammer, tower, melon, silver ingot, rectangle, square, ingot, drum, gourd, vase, bucket, seal, head, cone, cylinder and various animal shapes, among which the animal shapes are chickens, sheep, dogs, monkeys, birds, Switzerland and other animals. Fourth, the volume is different, the largest is forty or fifty kilograms, and the smallest is only a few grams; Fifth, the local characteristics are obvious, mainly the weights commonly used in Shandong and surrounding areas.
These collections of Zhang Kuisheng are very valuable. For example, the bronze and gold weights of the puppet Manchukuo and the gold weights of the Qing Dynasty all have high cultural relics value; The weight of Qing dynasty porcelain with one year's value has important historical value; Porcelain weight is decorated with figures, flowers, landscapes and abstract patterns, while Tian Yuxi is engraved with dense nail patterns, which has regular modeling and meticulous carving technology and has extraordinary artistic value.
Zhang Kuisheng's collection has been recognized and encouraged by Professor Fengjun Liu, director of the Institute of Fine Arts and Archaeology of Shandong University. Liu Jiaoshou once told him that the weight collection was unpopular and few people studied it, so it was a minority collection with good collection prospects. In Zhang Kuisheng's view, as a folk? Fair old man? What about the weight? It represents fairness, justice and honesty, which is also the essence of weighing culture. Honesty is always the first principle in daily communication with people. ? Yes, people in China pay attention to interpersonal relationships under certain principles. The buyer looked at the scale that was tilted high, not only felt the sincerity of the seller, but also gained huge benefits, which made the scale have a humanistic character. The business made with scales reflects the uniqueness of China culture.
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