On the problem of pepper planting

Planting techniques of autumn pepper in September

The main roots of pepper are underdeveloped and the number of roots is small. Most of the root groups are distributed in the surface soil of 10- 15 cm, and their roots are neither drought-tolerant nor waterlogging-tolerant. Root regeneration ability is weaker than tomato and eggplant, and it is intolerant to thick fertilizer. Due to the high temperature in autumn, topdressing should not be too high.

High temperature and drought induce the occurrence and spread of viral diseases, and high temperature and rainy days often lead to viral diseases.

Pepper flowering, fruit dropping and defoliation (commonly known as "three falls") are also easy to occur in autumn, which is an important problem in pepper production and has a great impact on yield. The reasons for the "three falls" are more complicated. Flowering is mainly because high temperature affects pollination, or soil and air are dry, which is also the reason for flowering; Fruit drop is mainly caused by excessive or insufficient nitrogen fertilizer, excessive branches and leaves, insufficient light and other factors affecting the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth; Deciduous leaves occur less in Sichuan, and are generally caused by virus diseases.

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Planting techniques of pepper in greenhouse in May

I. Post-management

Pepper has a long growth period and is harvested many times. On the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing should be carried out many times. As long as it can be sold, peppers should be harvested early. When the pepper just grows out and has not expanded, it can be harvested and listed. This can reduce the consumption of nutrients by fruits, improve the normal development of subsequent flowers (fruits) and increase the yield. In the season when fruits are plentiful, we should supply enough water. In hot summer, irrigation should be carried out at night, and cooling measures should be taken to protect seedlings. Drainage should be done in time in rainy season to prevent waterlogging.

Second, the late pests and diseases are mainly aphids, melon flies, whiteflies and Fusarium wilt.

Aphids: 25 kilograms of fresh human urine and 25 kilograms of water per mu, plus 0.2% neutral washing powder, sprayed on sunny morning 10, the control effect can reach 95%. Or use pesticides such as pyridaben, Yijijing and avermectin.

Melon flies: 50% dichlorvos EC 1000 times, 2.5% deltamethrin 3000 times.

Whitefly: 25% chlorpyrifos EC, 2.5% Uranus EC, 2.5% Kung Fu EC, etc.

Fusarium wilt: root irrigation with 25% benlaite or 50% carbendazim powder. If a diseased plant is found, it should be immediately pulled out and burned.

Control agents: spray chlorothalonil, Yike, Bordeaux mixture, Nongliling, Anke, cephalosporin, ethyl phosphate, antiviral alum or Jin Lei carbendazim, remove diseased leaves and take them away for destruction.

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It is very common for greenhouse peppers to drop flowers and fruits in spring, which is mainly caused by the following reasons:

1. Malnutrition: Due to improper cultivation management, such as too high cultivation density or too much nitrogen fertilizer, plants grow in vain, which makes vegetative growth and reproductive growth out of balance, and pepper flowers and fruits fall off due to insufficient nutrition.

2. Unfavorable climatic conditions: In early spring, greenhouses often encounter weather with insufficient light and low temperature, which affects pollination. Even after pollination, the fruit is easy to fall off. In late spring and early summer, the high temperature above 35℃ often occurs in the greenhouse, which can make the flower organs of pepper stunted or the stigma dry and unable to pollinate and drop flowers. In addition, poor ventilation and excessive humidity in the greenhouse will also cause the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruits.

3. Pests and diseases: Pepper diseases mainly include virus disease, epidemic disease, anthracnose and leaf blight. These diseases sometimes directly infect fruits and cause fruit drop, and sometimes infect leaves and cause a large number of leaves to fall off, resulting in insufficient nutrient supply and fruit drop. The main pests are Helicoverpa assulta, Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua. These pests will also cause the fruit to fall off after eating it.

The prevention and control of falling flowers and fruits should start with strengthening cultivation management. The main measures are to cultivate strong seedlings, timely sowing and scientific fertilization. Pay attention to the reasonable combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium when applying fertilizer, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, control the plant growth in vain, pay attention to increasing light and heat preservation in early spring, and increase ventilation in late spring and early summer to keep the temperature in the shed at 20℃ ~ 30℃ during the day and around 15℃ at night. After planting, ventilation and dehumidification should be strengthened, underground irrigation under film should be advocated, and flooding should be prohibited. The humidity in the shed should be kept at 70% ~ 80%. In addition, 40 ~ 50 ppm of tomato essence or 20 ~ 30 ppm of 2,4-D can be applied to the flower stalk to improve the fruit setting rate.

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Supplement: According to the cultivation practice, by adopting the seedling raising techniques of seed soaking with chemicals, accelerating germination at variable temperature and separating seedlings into heels, the pepper can be put on the market about 20 days in advance, and the yield per 667m2 can be increased by more than 150kg, and the economic benefit can be improved by 30%.

First, soak the seeds with chemicals. In order to control the common and frequent pepper anthracnose, bacterial spot disease and virus disease, the seeds were pre-soaked in clear water for 5 hours, then soaked in 1% copper sulfate solution, 10% trisodium phosphate solution and 2% sodium hydroxide solution for 10 minute respectively, and then washed with clear water to promote germination.

Second, change the temperature to accelerate germination. Wrap the soaked seeds with wet cloth and accelerate germination in a warm place. 28~30℃ control 18 hours, 6 hours a day control 16~20℃. Turn over and rub twice a day regularly, so that it will be heated and moistened evenly and germinate evenly and powerfully. Generally, when the germination reaches more than 80% after 4~7 days, the temperature can be reduced to 65438 00℃ for about 7 hours before sowing.

Third, divide the seedlings and follow them. When the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves, the rows and holes are 10 cm square, and two plants in each hole are transplanted into the adjacent arch shed for tube culture. When 10~20 real leaves and the seedling age is 90~ 1 10 days, it can be transplanted into the field in sunny days. Other management methods are the same as routine.