How to understand the relationship between traditional ethics and modern social construction?

During thousands of years of development, China has gradually formed a series of unique cultural traditions. In these cultural traditions, there are both positive and excellent achievements worth promoting and negative factors and defects that need to be abandoned. Throughout the colorful, profound and ever-changing China culture, we can find that the four thoughts of "harmony between man and nature", "people-oriented", "vigorous and promising" and "becoming a monk" occupy a dominant position in China culture, which represents the correct direction of the development of China culture, embodies the vigorous spirit of the Chinese nation, and is also the basic spirit of China traditional culture that needs to be promoted today. "Heaven and man are one". China's ancient thought of harmony between man and nature emphasizes the unity of man and nature, the coordination of man's behavior and nature, and the consistency of moral reason and natural reason, which has profound rationality. This idea of harmonious coexistence between man and nature provides a valuable ideological heritage for solving the increasingly serious ecological crisis brought about by the process of human modernization. "Humanism" is people-oriented, which means that people are the basis for considering all problems. It must be between heaven and earth, between man and God, and people-centered. The focus of various philosophical schools and cultural thoughts in ancient China, as well as the political and value themes of the whole China culture, always revolved around revealing the goal of life value and realizing people's self-worth. The humanism of China culture is a kind of moral humanism, which always puts people in a certain political and ethical relationship, and puts the realization of personal value and the promotion of personal moral spiritual realm in the benign interaction of the whole relationship. The "five ethics" relationships, such as monarch and minister, father and son, husband and wife, brothers and friends, each have its own specific code of conduct, such as loyalty of monarch and minister, filial piety of father and son, respect of husband and wife, respect of brothers and friends, and trust of friends. Everyone is not only in the five networks, but also in the patriarchal political network of the whole society and country. Everyone should play a certain role in society, fulfill certain obligations, contact and restrict each other, maintain the normal operation of society and realize their own life value goals in accordance with the moral norms suitable for this network. This tendency of valuing human relations over nature, valuing groups over individuals, unilaterally emphasizing the independence of individual obligations and moral personality, while ignoring individual rights and freedoms, has obvious negative factors. But it puts moral practice at the highest position, which is of great significance to the spiritual development of people and the establishment of individual moral self. Its moral education replaced religious belief and resisted religious compulsion consciously with morality, which greatly enriched the humanistic spirit of China culture. "vigorous and promising, self-improvement." This is the most concentrated theoretical summary and value refinement of China people's attitude towards life, which is accepted by most people of the Chinese nation and cultivates the spirit of self-improvement and continuous progress of the Chinese nation. "Valuing peace and respecting Taoism" plays a very important role in the cultural development of China. This thought makes China people attach great importance to the realization and maintenance of harmonious situation, which is of great significance to social stability and development. Under the guidance of this thought, China people regard doing things without going to extremes, paying attention to safeguarding collective interests, seeking common ground while reserving differences, and maintaining interpersonal harmony as a universal code of conduct, which has played a positive role in condensing and carrying forward the national spirit and maintaining a unified multi-ethnic regime. Moral tradition is an extremely important part of China's cultural tradition, and the Chinese nation is known for advocating morality. Looking closely at the moral value system of the Chinese nation, the traditional virtues mainly include: kindness and filial piety, humility and courtesy, honesty and gratitude, loyalty and patriotism, self-denial, self-righteousness, diligence and honesty, honesty and generosity, and courage and perseverance. The traditional virtue of the Chinese nation is the essence of China's moral civilization and the internal cohesion of the Chinese nation's big family, which constitutes the soul of the Chinese nation's moral personality in the sense of value. The summary and recognition of traditional virtues is the key to carry forward the excellent national moral tradition, and it is also an extremely important source of living water for building Socialism with Chinese characteristics's moral civilization. It should be noted that strengthening the construction of moral civilization has become an urgent need for the further development of contemporary China. Developing market economy is the only way to liberate and develop productive forces and strengthen the country and enrich the people. However, the profit-seeking, exclusiveness and commodity exchange equivalence principles of the market economy itself have had a great impact on social morality, leading to the proliferation of money worship, hedonism, individualism and negative corruption, which has seriously affected the normal operation of the market economy. The task of moral construction in contemporary China is very heavy. This requires creative transformation of traditional virtues on the basis of scientific interpretation and according to actual needs. China culture, born on the basis of small-scale peasant economy, inevitably contains the following negative factors: First, it is understandable to emphasize agriculture and restrain commerce, but opposing agriculture and commerce and vigorously promoting the policy of restraining industrial and commercial development will have a great negative impact on the development of China society. The second is to pay attention to reality and be mysterious. The mindset and thinking method formed in the simple reproduction process of small-scale agriculture only pay attention to practical understanding and seldom pay attention to pure theoretical metaphysical thinking, which makes China lack Aristotle-style intellectuals who study natural science theories with the curiosity of exploring natural mysteries as the driving force, and lack accurate and rigorous thinking system. The third is the concept of resettlement. This concept locks people's vision, closes people's hearts, suppresses people's sense of struggle and adventure, and makes people short-sighted, satisfied, enterprising and lacking in openness. This concept is not conducive to the development of society. The fourth is to follow the old habits and make false changes. The fifth is the egalitarian tradition. The essential feature of smallholder consciousness is egalitarianism. This kind of consciousness leads people not to make progress, not to talk about differences and not to compete, thus killing the impulse of life to be competitive. The negative factors of China culture caused by the influence of small-scale peasant economy, after thousands of years of accumulation, have been integrated into the psychology of the Chinese nation and formed the bad habits of the people, with far-reaching influence. The long-term patriarchal clan system has also had a negative impact on China culture. Influenced by the patriarchal clan system and concept, China traditional culture emphasizes that family is more important than individual and group is more important than individual, so it always emphasizes individual's obligations and responsibilities in the group and ignores individual's rights in society, which makes the moral equality consciousness of "everyone can be Yao and Shun" just an ideal, and the rule of law is useless under such a system. China culture, based on patriarchal clan system, not only suppresses individual reality, freedom and independence, but also highlights the extreme emphasis on tradition and the extinction of innovative spirit. On the positive side, attaching great importance to tradition has greatly strengthened the continuity of China culture, so that China culture has not been interrupted by foreign cultures; On the negative side, China people's habit of looking backward and their tendency to stick to conventions have stifled China people's innovative spirit and enterprising consciousness, and the changeable ideas and self-improvement spirit in China culture have not been promoted and sublimated. Because the patriarchal clan system is based on blood relationship, there are many uncompetitive "secondary relationships", such as township relationship, comrade-in-arms relationship and nepotism. They give in to each other, flatter each other and support each other, but they are wary of each other and repel each other, resulting in a lifeless interpersonal relationship. In this seemingly bustling relationship circle, people have formed a real attachment psychology and dependent personality. This dependence circle and network characteristics obliterate the spirit of personal struggle. It is this group structure of relationship circle, like chains and cages, that greatly restricts the exertion of individual creativity. Feudal absolutism strengthened all the disadvantages of small-scale peasant economy and patriarchal clan system, and had a particularly negative impact on China culture. First, China culture lacks scientific and democratic traditions; The second is to make China culture, especially popular culture, full of superstitious elements and vulgar habits. Although feudal absolutism has been eliminated in contemporary China, various negative factors in popular culture formed over thousands of years still remain in some people's minds, and the task of eliminating these negative factors is very arduous. One of the major defects of China's traditional culture is the lack of democratic tradition. Due to the full development of the feudal autocracy in ancient China, it is difficult to develop democracy and freedom under this system. First of all, centralization, the autocratic monarchy system established in Qin and Han dynasties, lasted for more than two thousand years because of the strong support of a highly developed feudal economy. The state's rule over society permeates all aspects of society, and there is no gap in China where civil autonomy can grow properly. Secondly, China's feudal system relied on military, bureaucratic and other material forces, which were also highly consistent with the spiritual forces such as philosophy, religion and ethics, making feudal absolutism particularly powerful and seriously inhibiting the formation and development of democratic forces. Finally, the rule of feudal absolutism and heavy exploitation hindered the growth of the economic strength of the civil class. In a word, the high development of feudal absolutism is the fundamental reason for China's lack of democratic tradition. It is precisely because of various negative factors and major defects that China's traditional cultural system collapsed with the demise of the autocratic system under the impact of western culture. However, there are still some negative factors in the new cultural system. This shows that we have not completely cleaned up the traditional culture. On the one hand, good cultural traditions have not been sufficiently promoted, on the other hand, stale cultural traditions have not been thoroughly criticized. China's traditional culture is flawed and serious. But we can't deny her essence just because of her dross. Just like pouring bath water can't be poured with the baby.