Urgent! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! On the theme of telling heroic stories and carrying forward the national spirit class meeting ppt

Yue Fei, a famous soldier in Southern Song Dynasty

(Introduction)

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the enemy of the State of Jin invaded, and wars broke out everywhere. The cloud of war hung over the homeland where the Song people once lived and worked in peace and contentment. The mountains and rivers are bleeding and the people are shouting. For a time, the bonfire of anti-gold was blazing in the land of Central Plains.

In the middle of the night, this mother who is over 50 years old, with a plum blossom needle in her hand, deeply stabbed the four characters of "loyalty to the country" on her son's young back. ...

Since then, these four words have deeply entered his heart and become his life's creed and heavy responsibility.

Twenty years later, he was thrown into prison on charges of "unwarranted". He tore off his clothes to show his back, and the four characters of "loyalty to the country" were still striking. ...

More than 800 years later, as long as people talk about these four words, the image of the hero is still unforgettable. He is Yue Fei, a famous Southern Song Dynasty star.

(Title)

(text)

Angry, leaning on the railing, resting in the rain.

Looking up, screaming in the sky, strong and fierce.

Thirty fame, dust and earth, eight thousand miles of clouds and the moon.

Don't be idle, white and sad!

Jingkang is ashamed, but it is still snowing. When will courtiers hate it?

Drive a long car and break through the Helan Mountain Que!

A strong man longed for pork, but he talked about his thirst for Hun blood.

Stay from the beginning, clean up the old mountains and rivers, and go to the sky!

This song "Man Jiang Hong" has an extraordinary momentum. Although the author of this word is controversial, most people are willing to believe that it was written by Yue Fei.

Yue Fei's short life is like this word, full of strong feelings and fierce struggles.

We always imagine the hero as glaring and flying swords, which is actually an imaginary image in Beijing opera. What does Yue Fei really look like? From the copy of Four Generals of Zhongxing by Liu Songnian in the Southern Song Dynasty, it can be seen that Yue Fei has a square face, big ears, wide eyebrows, short eyebrows, small mouth and no need under the jaw. Heavy-hearted and brave. He put down seven major upheavals and led the army north to resist the gold for four times. The military thought of "the beauty of combat lies in one heart" runs through. A brilliant plan and a successful strategy. Moreover, wars with fewer strikes and more wars account for a large part.

When it comes to Yue Fei's achievements, I have to mention Yancheng and Yingchang.

1 140, the Jin people tore up the peace treaty and invaded the south again. Yue Fei was ordered to fight back, and the main force had reached Yingchang, not far from Fengfeng. He personally took Zhong Jun and stationed in Yancheng.

Jin Wushu believes that if Yancheng is captured and the commander-in-chief is defeated, then Song Jun will completely collapse if he loses his backbone. So on July 8th, Jin Wushu led fifteen thousand elite cavalry to attack Yancheng.

This is a vicious move. When Yue Fei learned of this situation, he pulled the battlefield 20 miles north of the city and waited for the 8 Jin Army to prepare for the battle.

There is a great disparity in the numbers of the two armies. It is mentioned in historical materials that "the first army of Yue Fei was in Yancheng County, and it fought alone with the whole army of Fankou and won a great victory". YueGuJun total * * * hundreds of troops are divided into twelve armies, scattered operations, the army in yancheng but more than ten thousand troops. Nomads from fifteen thousand soldiers as a striker, more than one hundred thousand soldiers as a backing. It can be seen that Yancheng has to go through a tough battle to win this battle.

Fierce fighting from Japan to China, lasted until dusk, until dark, 8 jin j was defeated and retreated.

As far as troops are concerned, this battle is not the biggest in Song Jun's resistance to gold. But this defeat made Jin Jun's psychological defense line collapse: Jin Wushu, the strongest warrior of Jin people, was almost captured alive; The most powerful armored cavalry lost to Yue Jiajun; You think the unparalleled way of fighting has been hit hard. Jin Jun sighed up and down: "It is easy to shake the mountain, but it is difficult to shake the Yue family army!"

Jin Wushu is naturally unwilling. After he came back, he concentrated his forces and fought a big battle with Yue Fei in Yingchang.

Jin Wu's martial arts used deadly tactics such as "iron float" and "kidnapping horses".

"Iron Floating Map" rides a group of frontal charge, and people and horses are covered with heavy armor, which looks like an iron tower; About 15,000 horses, with the infantry in the middle, attacked the Vietnamese army.

YueGuJun formation is just the opposite, YueFei let son YueYun with cavalry in the center, infantry in the wings.

After the two armies met, I saw Yue Yun holding two sledgehammers, leading the way, followed by his elite cavalry, hitting the central defense line of the nomads from the army. He entered the enemy line more than ten times and was injured 100 times, but he was still not afraid of the enemy. Nomads from the army was smashed to pieces.

Armed with long-handled sharp knives, Song Jun infantry on both sides outflanked the kidnappers' horses, cut down enemy soldiers, cut off their legs, and started hand-to-hand combat with 8 Jin Army ... This tactic of infantry was specially trained by Yue Fei.

Flags are flying, drums are rumbling, and the slogan "Give me back my rivers and mountains" resounds through the sky. Yue Jiajun, who fought bloody battles until "people are blood and horses are blood horses", killed the nomads from the army with his integrity. ...

This is the most beautiful battle that Yue Fei fought in his life!

Take advantage of the victory to occupy Zhuxian Town, 45 miles away from Kaifeng, and recover the old capital, just around the corner! Yue Fei excitedly said to the soldiers, "Go directly to Huanglongfu and have a good drink with all the soldiers!" " The whole Central Plains people are going to rebel, which is a disaster for the rulers' regime! Jin Wushu lamented: "I have never failed like this since I joined the army in the north."

Yue Fei was born in the late Northern Song Dynasty. During the war years, the Jin army's iron hoofs ran rampant in the Central Plains ... Xiao Yuefei witnessed the burning, killing and looting of Jin people from the time he could remember, and hated these barbarians on horseback. His mother Yao gave birth to him in middle age and had high hopes for him. She encouraged her son to learn martial arts from an early age and join the army to kill the enemy when he was young.

The story of mother-in-law tattoo is a household name. It is said that before Yue Fei went to war, his mother took a needle and tattooed on his back the words "loyal to serve the country". However, some people have questioned that Yao is a peasant woman and is unlikely to read. Did Yao stab himself? It is possible that Yao's mother-in-law tattooed the words on Yue Fei's back.

Later, why did someone read "loyalty to the country" as "loyalty to the country"?

According to historical records, in recognition of Yue Fei's brilliant exploits, Song Gaozong awarded the flag of "Loyal Yue Fei" in 1 130. Every time Yue Fei went out to war, he would wave the flag and shout, which greatly boosted the morale of the soldiers. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, "loyal service to the country" became "loyal service to the country", which was actually a misunderstanding of later generations and more about promoting an imperial power.

Yue Fei is superb in martial arts. What did he learn from it? Yue Fei has been an archer since childhood. When he was young, he could draw a bow of 300 Jin, which broke the highest record for a samurai to draw a bow. In addition, Yue Fei's grandfather asked local gunman Chen Guang to teach Yue Fei to use a gun, which can be described as "invincible in one county".

Yue Fei is not only diligent in martial arts, but also loves reading. Zuo Shi Chun Qiu Zhuan and Sun Wu's Art of War often stay up late to read.

In the fourth year after Yue Fei joined the army, that is, in the year of 1 126, Jin Ren Tieqi entered Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, which is today's Kaifeng.

The following year, a "difficulty in getting well" happened, which was regarded as a great shame by China history.

The palace in Kyoto was ransacked, and the last two emperors, concubines and officials in the Northern Song Dynasty were captured by the Jin people. Zhao Gou, the ninth son of Song Huizong, narrowly escaped and became the first emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty: Song Gaozong.

The empire of the Northern Song Dynasty perished, and the Southern Song Dynasty was born in a precarious situation. The people of China have spent more than ten years in bloody rain.

At this time, Yue Fei has begun his military career to fight against 8 Jin Army and protect his family. When Yue Fei was 25, an important thing happened.

At that time, shortly after Zhao Gou acceded to the throne, he indulged in the West Lake and danced wildly. "Outside the castle peak building outside the mountain, when will the West Lake dance stop! Warm winds make tourists drunk and make Hangzhou a continent! " In the Southern Dynasties, the monarch and ministers were fascinated by the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and they were "happy without thinking about Shu". The emperor reused mediocre people and avoided the southeast.

Although Yue Fei was a low-level military commander, he was very anxious to see the country plundered by the Jin people. After much deliberation, he decided to write to Zhao Gou:

"Your majesty has boarded Dabao, Tang gaozu has returned, and the country is owned, which is enough to defeat the Lu people ... For today's plan, please drive your car back to Beijing, take the imperial edict of the Three Kingdoms, take the second sacred dust for a long time, and when the cave of Lu is not solid, kiss the six armies and cross the north ..." This book is called "The Emperor of Nanjing"

Yue Fei's "humble duty can't forget worrying about the country" angered Zhao Gou. He was removed from office on the charge that "my junior minister exceeded his authority, which is inappropriate".

Since then, he followed Zhang Suo, Zong Ze and others and was highly valued. He and Zhang talked about the interests of the two rivers and harmony, which is very suitable. The most outstanding civil servants in the Southern Song Dynasty praised Yue Fei for his "intelligence and courage, which were beyond the reach of ancient generals".

Zong Ze and Zhang Suo are undoubtedly two important superiors in Yue Fei's military experience. Under their influence, he made great efforts on the battlefield, made outstanding achievements and rose all the way.

Someone asked Yue Fei, when will the world be peaceful? Yue Fei believes that "civil servants don't love money, military officers don't hesitate to die, and the world can be peaceful!" Later generations carved this sentence on a stone tablet and remembered it from generation to generation. But how can Yue Fei's character be summed up as "I don't love money, I would rather die than surrender"?

Yue Fei believes that "self-righteousness can be right, and autonomy can govern people."

His salary is high, but "autumn is not personal." He lives a clean and honest life, and "there is no concubine to wait on him". After his ex-wife Liu left Yue Jia during the war years, Yue Fei married Li Wa, and love has always been there. Wu Jun, commander-in-chief of Sichuan Province, spent a lot of money to buy a nice name for Yue Fei. Yue Fei told the woman to stand behind the screen and said, "My family wears coarse clothes and eats coarse grain pasta. You can share joys and sorrows, but you can stay. If you can't afford it, you dare not stay. " Yue Fei didn't even see the woman's face, so he sent her back. He also said to Wu Jun, "How can a general be happy if the national humiliation is not over?"

This is a striking exception in the officialdom and military circles where greed for money and lust prevailed in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Yue Fei has more than 20 generals, including Wang Gui, Zhang Xian, Childe Xu, Niu Hao and Dong Xian. His Yuejiajun is brave in fighting and superb in martial arts, forming a military style that is like a mountain of military orders and resolute. He is famous for his "all wrong and ten wrong" in the ruling and opposition parties, which makes 8 Jin Army frightened. Yue Jiajun "froze to death without tearing down the house, starved to death without fighting Lu", and the people regarded them as relatives.

Yue Fei is kind and strict with soldiers. He "rewards small, punishes small, and has a thousand people." If a soldier has an exception, it is his son Yue Yun. Yue Yun made great contributions when he was 16 years old, but Yue Fei didn't reward his contributions, and if he did, he would be punished. Every time the war reached the most critical moment, he always told him to take the lead and lay down his life under the bullets.

Yue Fei resolutely opposed the peace talks. His strong patriotism made the soldiers feel the same way and he was willing to risk his life with Yue Fei.

Yue Fei firmly implemented the "benevolence, faithfulness, wisdom, courage and strictness" in Sun Tzu's Art of War, created a miracle in the history of ancient military management, and became the commander-in-chief who won the hearts of the people in the Song Dynasty for more than 300 years. Yue Jiajun has also become a rare teacher of benevolence and righteousness in China's dictatorship for thousands of years.

After the famous victories in Yancheng and Yingchang, Yue Jiajun moved on and prepared to occupy Kaifeng, but the emperor Zhao Gou was distracted. He listened to Qin Gui's speech and "ordered Yue Fei to transfer troops temporarily".

At this time, Yue Fei saw that defeating the enemy was a move. Can he park there? When he joined the Northern Expedition, he said, "Heroes go to the wind, but foot soldiers use their lives. Time never comes again, and it is difficult to miss the opportunity. " There is only one abridgement left in this article.

The story of twelve "golden signs" ordering Yue Fei to withdraw troops happened at this time.

The golden plate is a symbol of the urgent official document issued by the Emperor of Song Dynasty. The wooden sign is "more than a foot long, painted in red, and engraved with gold words:' The words of the court are not allowed to enter the store'". Twelve gold plates are issued in a row a day, and the fast horses pass by, traveling 500 miles a day, such as flying electricity, shining brightly, and people who look far away all avoid it.

Yue Fei couldn't restrain his inner grief and indignation, and sighed: "Ten years of hard work was destroyed! States and counties will be closed once and for all! The country is difficult to revive! Gankun world, there is no reason to reply! "His ambition is hard to pay, and he cries and teaches.

Yue Fei dispatched troops in 1 140, and in less than two years, Yue Fei was granted death by Emperor Zhao Gou. In the past two years, how did Yue Fei go to prison and eventually die unjustly?

Yue Fei resigned angrily after returning to Lin 'an, and dismissed Yue Fei, Han Shizhong and Zhang Jun as Tang envoys and deputy envoys by promotion and demotion. Scholars who study the history of the Song Dynasty believe that this is the second time in the Song Dynasty to "release the soldiers with a glass of wine". After that, Yue Fei was basically in retirement.

In such a war, why did Song Ting dare to block the military power of the generals? There is an important clue, that is, before 1 14 1 years ago, Song Hejin actually exchanged envoys and talked while playing. Under the premise that the intention of the Jin Dynasty is well known and the peace talks are a foregone conclusion, it is logical to oust the generals in the Southern Song Dynasty. There is a letter named "Wu Shu's suicide note" recorded in historical materials. Jin Wushu wrote a letter threatening Qin Gui to "kill Yue Fei and then make peace". It seems that Yue Fei has become an unnecessary pawn in the overall situation of peace talks.

Yue Fei has no soldiers and no potential, so it is difficult to show his ambition to help the world. ...

Qin Gui snickered, but his goal didn't come true. A plot brewing in the middle of the night ...

The plan to frame Yue Fei is in progress: Qin Gui, party member and Wan Sixie are the remonstrators in charge of impeachment; An imperial Zhu He and an imperial Luo Ruzhen cooperated with the previous chapter in impeachment. Contents of impeachment: 1. "I am depressed and unhappy, and I will try my best to draw you away so that I can feel at ease"; Second, Huaixi fought against his will and "refused to start"; Third, the initiative "Chuzhou" can't keep it and give up on its own initiative.

Lure Wang Jun into fabricating charges. Wang Jun is one of Zhang Xian's men, Yue Fei's confidant. Because of rape and greed, he is often punished by Zhang Xian and bears a grudge. Qin Gui thinks it is very appropriate for him to make false accusations. The content of the false accusation is that after Zhang Xi 'an learned that Yue Fei was dismissed from office, he attempted to rebel and coerced Song Ting to return the relieving to Yue Fei.

This plot is really painstaking!

Then Zhang Jun set up a private execution hall in the Privy Council, caught Zhang Xian and beat him black and blue ... Zhang Xian dragged Yue Fei into the water.

"History of Song Dynasty" recorded the situation when Yue Fei was arrested: "Qi sent messengers to arrest Fei and his son to prove it. When the messenger arrived, Fei said with a smile,' The sky is thick and the earth is thick, so you can show this. " "

Qin Gui sent his close friend Zhu He for questioning. Yue Fei tore his clothes and turned his back. The word "loyalty to the country" is very eye-catching and goes deep into the skin. He Zhu was very touched after reading it. After finding out the facts, he argued that Yue Fei was not guilty. He Zhu advised Qin Gui: "It is not the long-term plan of the country to kill the generals without cause." From then on, Qin Gui and He Zhu turned against each other and sent Wan Sixie to try Yue Fei's case.

Wan Sixie slandered that Zhang Xian rebelled only after receiving instructions from Yue Fei.

Veteran Han Shizhong was indignant at Yue Fei's unjust imprisonment and questioned Qin Gui. Qin Gui said: "Although Fei Ziyun and Zhang are unknown, their affairs are unwarranted!" "Unnecessary" is interpreted as "unnecessary"-will it?

Yue Fei, who went through fire and water for the imperial court, was deeply imprisoned because of the confused charge of "unwarranted".

In the cold cell, Yue Fei was tortured and very weak, but she still resisted by hunger strike and did not falsely accuse herself.

In the past two months in prison, there have been disturbances inside and outside the imperial court, and the voice of injustice has continued. The record said: "Li Ruofu, He Yanyou and Xue Renfu of Dali Temple claimed that Fei was not guilty" and they were all impeached. "Zong Zhengqing, Zhao Shiqing, please protect Yue Fei with one hundred lives" tried to protect Yue Fei with hundreds of lives of the whole family, old and young, and was also impeached; What's more, "Buyi Liu wrote to sue" and was executed in Dali Temple.

In these two months, Qin Gui couldn't catch any news about the "witness", so he took the letter written by the emperor to Yue Fei as the cover story. What's more, Sun Ge and others were forced to prove that Yue Fei was "detained by a letter", ordered Dali Temple to review the event of the Year of the Tortoise, and reversed Yue Fei's marching schedule.

However, "at the end of the year, you can't do it firmly" has been closed in recent years, and red lanterns are hung in the Qin house, which is a prosperous atmosphere for the New Year. Qin Gui has a lot on her mind. His wife Wang warned against being soft-hearted. It's easier to catch a tiger than to let it go! This is the details of the scene before Yue Fei's execution, which was disclosed in the Song Dynasty's Political Legacy without the author's name.

Finally, Qin Gui "wrote a small note and sent it to the prison", and the prison received a secret letter from the Prime Minister, "Flying News of Death", at the age of 39.

"Castle Peak is fortunate to bury loyal bones, and white iron casts innocent courtiers."

Today, the grass is lush in front of the hero's grave, but the traitor, his wife Wang and Zhang Jun have been cast into stone statues and have been kneeling in front of the general's grave for hundreds of years to atone. ...

People deplore the death of Yue Fei, and a snack is popular in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. It is said that because people hate it, they make flour balls look like him and the king, fry them in an oil pan, and then chew them in their mouths to forget about it. This is today's "fried dough sticks". There is also a local specialty snack in Hangzhou-"juniper and chopped green onion", which is to wrap fried dough sticks with spring cakes and bake them with fire, so that Qin Gui will never turn over.

For a long time, it was thought that the traitor Qin Gui killed Yue Fei.

However, Wen Zhiming, a famous person in the Ming Dynasty, wrote a word denying this statement: "What can you do if you laugh without answering?" ? Do whatever you want. "What can A Qin do? Just cater to the idea of Emperor Zhao Gou and realize it. In modern times, many scholars believe that the death of Yue Fei has a lot to do with Zhao Gou, mainly as follows:

First of all, Yue Fei wrote a letter from his childhood until the Northern Expedition entered Kaifeng, and he never forgot to "welcome the two saints back to the DPRK". Welcome back to Qin Hui. Can Zhao Cangou's throne hold? Yue Fei is loyal to honesty and frankness, but he doesn't understand Zhao Gou's selfishness.

Secondly, Yue Fei asked Prince Li to make suggestions to stabilize people's hearts, which stung the unspeakable secret pain. It turned out that when 1 129 fled, Zhao Gou was so scared that she became impotent and lost her reproductive ability. His only son died of fright that year. Zhao Gou dynasty faced the dilemma of childless. Yue Fei's outspoken remarks made Zhao Gou angry.

More importantly, military commanders with heavy weapons are interested in the succession to the throne, which can be linked to political ambitions and violate the biggest taboo of the royal family. As a military commander, I envy my job. As soon as Yue Fei hit it, he was ready to go straight to Huanglongfu and recover his old capital. Zhao Gou was very upset: he was afraid of defeat, which led to disaster, and he was even more afraid of victory, and Yue Fei was highly praised in the victory. You know, the ancestor Zhao Kuangyin was given a yellow robe by Beowulf's mutiny. ...

"History as a Mirror" says: "Those who slightly shock the master are in danger, and those who have contributed to the world cannot be rewarded." Yue Fei's death confirmed this sentence.

North Song Taizu vowed not to kill the minister. Zhao Gou disobeyed his ancestral teachings and sentenced Yue Fei to death, which should be the result of careful consideration.

Before he died, Yue Fei wrote eight words: "It's dawn! It's dawn! " According to historical records, after the verdict was announced, "the world was wronged", and many scholars shed tears for it. The wind and rain in Lin 'an City lasted all day.

Historically, Yue Fei was a strategist with strategy, ability to run the army and brilliant record. For a country, saving the nation from extinction is a great hero; For the king of a country, he is a courtier who is loyal to the liver and righteous; To the people, he is a good general who loves the people like a son; To his wife, he is a devoted and good husband.

Such a perfect person finally died with grievances and became an eternal tragedy. Can this tragedy be avoided?

The occurrence of tragedy has specific historical conditions and environment, and is also related to Yue Fei's own character.

Perhaps later generations thought that Yue Fei could overthrow the Southern Song Dynasty and become king on his own. But it's impossible. Yue Fei's moral concept is very orthodox. In his mind, there is only the country. In feudal society, "I am a country", as a good courtier, only loyalty and obedience. In the Song Dynasty, ethnic contradictions were the main social contradictions, and resisting gold and saving the country was in line with the historical conditions at that time. All actions of Yue Fei revolved around this starting point.

After Yue Fei's death, the Southern Song Dynasty perished in the southeast corner of 138; Yue Fei has lived in people's hearts for more than 800 years and will continue to do so. ...