Is the song in Kaifeng's historical and cultural grand view a tour of the Bianhe River?

Thick culture has been passed down for thousands of years.

-One of a series of reports on Kaifeng's historical and cultural grand view.

Reporter Liu Yang

Kaifeng is a world-famous historical and cultural city with a long history and profound cultural heritage. It is like a meaningful poem, an old jar of wine and a classic book, which makes people never get enough reading, taste and reading! There is the only city axis in the world that will remain unchanged for thousands of years. There is the tallest, oldest and best-preserved glazed brick tower in China, the oldest existing building in Kaifeng-Fanta, and the ruins of Tokyo, a cosmopolitan metropolis composed of outer city, inner city and imperial city. This is the pride of Kaifeng people, and it is also the pride of all China people.

Culture as a medium enters the "Belt and Road"

Period, created a brilliant Song Wenhua, and had a far-reaching impact on later generations. A long history and splendid culture have left a rich cultural heritage for future generations. Thousands of years of history and culture are deposited, diffused, concentrated and fermented here.

In this ancient city, the simple and heavy history and culture are memorable. Walking in the ancient city of Kaifeng, there is history and culture everywhere. Every brick and tile in Kaifeng exudes the charm and cultural atmosphere of the ancient capital. A place name, a street, a section of ruins and even old streets and alleys all seem to tell people the vicissitudes of life. Some people say that in Kaifeng, just pick up an ancient brick and take a closer look, you can find a period of history; Pick up an old tile casually and read it carefully. It is the mark of half the Central Plains civilization.

In order to facilitate people to understand and remember Kaifeng's historical and cultural knowledge, Ji, secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, took its essence and summarized it as "one central axis, two ancient pagodas, three cities, four rivers running through the capital, five lakes and six cities superimposed, seven business cards, eight ancient capitals, nine titles and ten cultures". "One central axis" refers to Yujie-Zhongshan Road, "two ancient pagodas" refers to iron towers and numerous pagodas, and "three cities" refers to. The "seven business cards" are the eight ancient capitals, the first batch of historical and cultural cities, the excellent tourist city of China, the chrysanthemum city of China, the calligraphy city of China, the collection cultural city of China and the national health city. The "eight ancient capitals" are Xia, Wei, Hou Liang, Houjin, Houhan, Houzhou, Northern Song and Jin; And Jiuding is Laoqiu, Kaifeng, Daliang and Junyi. On September 24th 19: 00 or so, a WeChat titled "See how Secretary Ji of Kaifeng Municipal Party Committee promotes Kaifeng" was divided into imperial city, inner city and outer city by WeChat public of Kaifeng Daily. The circumference of the imperial city is about 2.5km, the circumference of the inner city10km155th step, and the circumference of the outer city165th step. No matter the imperial city, the inner city and the outer city, they are all strung together by this imperial city street. "Tokyo Dream Record" records that "Fangxiang Yujie, from Xuande Building to the south, is about two kilometers wide.

Two ancient pagodas tell the story of Kaifeng.

China Ancient Pagoda is one of the carriers of China's 5,000-year history of civilization and an outstanding high-rise building in ancient China. In Kaifeng, the ancient city, there are two ancient pagodas-the iron tower and the numerous pagodas, which have stood for thousands of years in the wind and rain and are famous at home and abroad.

Kaifeng Tower, located in the northeast corner of Kaifeng City, was built in the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1049). Formerly known as the Kaibao Temple Tower, it is 55.63 meters high and has an octagonal 13-story building. Since the Yuan Dynasty, it has been commonly known as the "iron tower" because of its brown glazed tiles. According to Liu Rong, director of the scenic spot of the tower, the tower is famous at home and abroad for its exquisite architectural art and majestic posture. At present, it is the tallest, oldest and most well-preserved glazed brick tower in China, and the first batch of national key protected cultural relics announced by China in 196 1 enjoys the reputation of "the first tower in the world".

According to historical records, the predecessor of Kaifeng Tower was a wooden tower, which was located in Fusheng Hospital of Kaibao Temple. It was built in 982, the seventh year of Taiping's rejuvenation of the country, and was built in Song Taizong for two years. It is called Fusheng Pagoda. In the sixth year of Xiangfu in Dazhong, Song Zhenzong, "In May, the Japanese army bombed the tower with artillery, and the cornices and tower walls at all levels from the fourth floor to the thirteenth floor in the north were damaged to varying degrees, but they still stood tall. 1952101On October 30th, when Mao Zedong visited the Yellow River, he visited the iron tower and praised it greatly.

"The tower is high, the tower is high, and the tower only reaches the waist." This is an ancient folk song that is still circulating in Kaifeng. Fanta is located in Gufantai, southeast of the ancient city of Kaifeng. It was built in the seventh year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 974). Formerly known as Xingci Tower. Because it was built in Tianqing Temple, one of the four royal temples in the Northern Song Dynasty, it is also called Tianqing Temple Tower. Because it was built on the dining table, it is commonly known as the "rice tower" and is a national key cultural relics protection unit. According to Li Man, director of the Cultural Relics Protection and Management Office of Yanqing Temple, Fanta is the oldest existing building in Kaifeng, more than 1000 years ago. It is a typical representative of hexagonal pagoda in the early Northern Song Dynasty. Influenced by it, a large number of pagoda buildings with similar styles appeared in the Central Plains in the early Northern Song Dynasty.

The tower is 36.68 meters high, and the tower foundation area is 50 1.6 square meters. Statue bricks, one brick and one tile, are embedded inside and outside the tower, and the statues form beautiful patterns, with the same size and orderly arrangement, forming a unified whole with the tower. The sculpture art of many pagodas is extremely exquisite, including nearly 100 kinds of bodhisattvas such as Lohan and musicians, and more than 7,000 statues with different postures, which vividly show the sculpture works of artists in the Song Dynasty.

Triple cities highlight the charm of ancient capital

The Northern Song Dynasty was the most brilliant and dazzling period in Kaifeng's history, with a prosperous economy, a population of over one million, beautiful scenery and magnificent battlements. At that time, Tokyo was not only the national political, economic and cultural center, but also one of the most prosperous metropolises in the world. Later generations used "Bianjing is rich in the world" to describe the prosperity of Tokyo. Tokyo City in the Northern Song Dynasty is not only the peak period in the development history of Kaifeng City, but also occupies an important historical position in the development history of China's ancient capital, and plays a role in connecting the past with the future.

A large number of archaeological explorations and excavations show that there were three walls in Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty, namely, the outer city, the inner city and the imperial city, which formed a magnificent momentum of overlapping layers and strict barriers. Among them, the circumference of the outer city is about 50 miles; The inner city surrounds the imperial city, with a circumference of about 20 miles; The imperial city lives in the center of the city, with a circumference of about 5 miles.

Outer city, also known as New City and Luocheng, is the first barrier of Tokyo's military defense. Due to wars and floods in past dynasties, the past was very embarrassing.

Four rivers and five lakes

Water is the source of life; Water is the soul of a city. A city with water always has different charm, and a city with water will have thousands of customs. "One city is full of rhyme and water", and our city is famous for its developed water system. There are lakes and rivers in the city, and the urban water area is 170 hectares, accounting for 1/4 of the old city area. Walking in Yangjiahu and Panjiahu, which are picturesque and can "identify traitors", many people are deeply shocked by the beauty of "Northern Water City".

During the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng's water system had formed a network, which was called "the thoroughfare of four rivers" and the traffic was very developed. This is because after the establishment of the Song regime, although the Central Plains region was relatively rich at that time, the financial and material resources of one region alone could not meet the needs of millions of officials and people in Beijing. At that time, major canal waterways such as Bianhe River, Huimin River, Guangji River and Jinshui River surrounded Gyeonggi and radiated everywhere. The canal system with Gyeonggi as the core is the most critical external condition to maintain Kaifeng's status as the capital city.

It is an important task in the Northern Song Dynasty to keep the canal system centered on the capital unblocked. Bianhe River is not only the lifeline of water transportation to maintain the rule of Song Dynasty, but also its political lifeline. In the canal managed in the early Song Dynasty, the Bianhe River from Zhuo Jun in the north to Jianghuai in the south undertook most of the water transport tasks. It is the main waterway from Kaifeng to the south of the Yangtze River, and it is the traffic artery to maintain the survival of the Song Dynasty, so the Song Dynasty attached great importance to the management of the Bianhe River from beginning to end. Grain, silk and silk from the south, treasures and treasures from the South China Sea, and more than half of China's wealth are continuously transported from the Bianhe River to Beijing, and Tokyo has gradually become a luxurious metropolis in Xian Tong. At that time, the river in Tokyo was full of boats day and night, and there was a saying that "eight famines competed for fairies." At that time, Kaifeng surpassed Chang 'an and Luoyang in city scale, economic development level and population. It is not only the political, economic and cultural center of China, but also the most prosperous city in the world.

Today, Kaifeng, as one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities in the State Council, not only has rich cultural and garden landscapes, but also has a large water area and a complete water system. The charm of this "northern water city" makes people linger.

According to the basic data of Kaifeng city master plan, there are 22 major rivers 122, and 32 rivers with a basin area of 100 square kilometers, such as Yellow River, Wohe River, Huiji River, Jia Luhe River, Hongwei River and Xiaoqing River. At present, the urban areas mainly include Huangbian River, East Moat, Guangji River, Xizhi River, Huiji River, Li Bian River, East Main Canal and South Main Canal.

There are five lakes in Kaifeng: Longting Lake, Baogong Lake, Tieta Lake, Sunshine Lake and Northwest Lake, as well as Liuchi, Heichi and Yan Jia Reservoir. Among them, Liuchi is located in the northwest of Liuyuankou, 6 kilometers north of Kaifeng. The pool is long from north to south, narrow from east to west, and bag-shaped, with an area of 3.6 square kilometers and a water depth of 2.5 meters. It is the main source of domestic water in Kaifeng residential area, with irrigation and aquaculture benefits. Blackpool is located on the south side of the Yellow River levee, 9 kilometers northwest of Kaifeng City. It is formed by the breach of the Yellow River, covering an area of 2.4 square kilometers. It is an important reservoir for diverting water from the Yellow River in urban areas, with an average annual water consumption of 287 million cubic meters. It is an important water source for supplying urban water. Water is in the city and the city is in the water. There is water in the south, water in the north, water in the west and water in the east. No matter where you are in this city, you can enjoy the bright waves in a blink of an eye as long as you walk a few steps. On October 7th, 65438/KLOC-0, Liu, a citizen of Xuzhou who came to Kaifeng for a visit, marveled at the water city of Kaifeng.

Do a good job in Shuicheng

On the evening of May 4th, 20 13, on the Xisi Pier of Baogong Lake in Kaifeng Prefecture, lanterns were ringing, gongs and drums were loud, and the full-loaded cruise ship pushed the blue waves and sailed slowly from south to north with cheers, which opened the prelude to the Yu He River tourism project.

Sailing on the Yu He River is just a microcosm of our city's "water article" and the construction of an international cultural tourism city.

In the past, the lakes in the urban area of our city were not connected with each other, making it difficult to form a continuous urban landscape system. In order to change this situation, the municipal government has determined the Juniper Tree Water System Project, which connects the "Four Rivers" with the "Five Lakes" and connects the tourist attractions in the city in series through the water system, so that tourists can visit the ancient city by paddle boat. Juniper water system planning project is 8400 meters long and will be constructed in three phases. The theme of the whole project is to reflect the folk culture of the Song Dynasty, and the landscape theme consists of waterscape, greening and imitation Song landscape architecture.

Since 2002, our city has invested in the construction of Juniper Water System Project, and opened the Guangji River with a length of 1.600 meters, connecting Longting Lake and Tieta Lake, which is called the first phase of water system project. In addition, the 600-meter-long Bianhe River has been rehabilitated to connect Longting Lake and Tieta Lake with the water system outside the city.

At the beginning of 2007, the second phase of the water system project was implemented as a key public welfare project of the municipal party Committee and municipal government. In the second phase of the water system project, three implicit and meaningful Song Ci poems were put into use. In these five landscape gardens, people are pondering the thousand-year-old rhyme "Yang Liuan Xiaofeng Canyue"; In the cloister, Sendai, Zhan Mu Quqiao and other beautiful scenery, you can taste the original Song Ci, music and dance, Henan Opera, folk music and other melodies, only to see Song Feng's majestic and loud singing. Kaifeng's water is full of historical memory and cultural accumulation.

At the same night, the ancient city of Kaifeng was crowded with people, talking and laughing in groups of three or five, and hurried through the gate to the Jinglong Lake Scenic Area in Shangheyuan, Tomb-Sweeping Day. ...

Their purpose is to watch the wonderful large-scale live water drama "Dasong Tokyo Hua Meng".

"Dream of Tokyo in the Great Song Dynasty" is a complete classical real-life theater, which is composed of classic Song Ci and picture scrolls in series. The scenic spots are pavilions, water bridges and corridors, and the Xuande Hall and Xuanhe Hall in the distance are real scenes. The water landscape, cultural performances and historical background trace back to the glorious history of Kaifeng ancient city, vividly and truly reappearing the prosperity of Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty. The performance not only has the prosperity and street style of the Northern Song Dynasty, but also has the grand scenery and royal luxury of various countries coming to Korea. A modern drama, a history of the rise and fall of dynasties. Strong colors, graceful scenery, romantic melody, grand scenes and extremely gorgeous visual scenes make people feel like they are in that heyday dynasty, and people who have seen the performance will be moved by its magnificent scene setting, beautiful musical melody and historical texture.

"This is the third time I have seen it. Every time I see it, I have different feelings, so today I specially took my family to Kaifeng Ancient City to experience Song Feng Song Yun. " 654381On the evening of October 6, Hu Junkai, a tourist from Zhengzhou, said with a smile.

In the west of the city, thousands of acres of Kaifeng West Lake has a vast water surface, which is both misty and graceful. Ryan Bridge and Tokyo Bridge, such as Changhong Wobo, connect things and cross the lake, which is spectacular. The hydrophilic platform is kind and warm, the water plants in the middle of the lake are swaying, and waterfowl are flying, which is full of fun. There is a tree by the lake, Jingui, with golden oranges hanging on it. The tree is full of golden flowers, and the fragrance is intoxicating.

Interactive stage, literature and history sunshine book bar-interaction between history and culture "project function and cultural orientation. Near West Lake, Longhu Lake, Zhongyi Lake and Liangyun Lake, the newly planned parks and street green spaces are being accelerated.

The world wonders superimposed by six cities

"Kaifeng City, the city is stacked, and several cities are buried underground. Longting Palace,' Palace Stack Palace', several palaces at the bottom of Panyang Lake ... "There is a passage circulating.

198 1 year, Kaifeng Landscape Department plans to build an island in the middle of Pan Hu Lake in front of Longtingtang. In the process of dredging the bottom of Longting Lake, bulldozers accidentally pushed out a large number of residual bricks and tiles, which were later confirmed as relics of the Ming Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty by archaeological excavation. According to historical records, Zhou Jian was built on the ruins of the Song and Jin palaces. What's next week? Is there really a thousand-year-old imperial city buried with him? Large-scale archaeology in Song Cheng begins.

After 20 years of archaeological excavations, in 2002, archaeologists in China announced that there were six cities in the ancient capital Kaifeng, which were 3 meters to 12 meters underground, including three national capitals, two provincial capitals and 1 central plains towns, forming a strange landscape of "cities in layers", and Daliang City was underground 10.

"In addition to overlapping cities, overlapping palaces, and overlapping walls, strange phenomena such as overlapping roads, overlapping doors, and overlapping paths have also been discovered in the archaeological process. Liu Chunying said: "The bustling Zhongshan Road is the central axis of Kaifeng Prefecture, 8 meters underground, and it is a thoroughfare on the north-south central axis of Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty-Yujie. At present, Ming-style and Qing-style pavements are superimposed between Zhongshan Road and Songduyu Street respectively. This landscape of' overlapping roads' also means that the north-south central axis of several Kaifeng cities superimposed from ancient times to the present has not changed at all. " Liu Chunying said.

With the mysterious veil of Kaifeng's "city within a city" spectacle being unveiled layer by layer, this strange landscape quickly caused a sensation. Experts and scholars believe that the miracle of "one city after another" can be compared with the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, which is known as "the eighth wonder of the world".

In order to enhance the status and influence of Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty and strengthen Kaifeng's characteristics as Song Cheng, Song Wenhua Yanhua Museum renovated the site of Kaifeng's new main entrance. The construction project of the new main entrance site of Kaifeng Dasong Cultural Museum is a key project to promote the strategy of strengthening the city by culture, and it is also a public cultural construction project.

Nowadays, the construction of the site of the new main entrance of the "Diecheng" in Kaifeng Dasong Cultural Museum is in full swing, which will become a window to truly display the wonders of Kaifeng.

Seven business cards highlight Kaifeng's soft power

It will be more effective for the Eight Dynasties ancient capital, the first batch of historical and cultural cities, China excellent tourist city, China Chrysanthemum City, China Calligraphy City and China to gather cultural names.

The chrysanthemums are beautiful, and Ao Shuang is in full bloom. It is the symbol of Kaifeng and the pride of Kaifeng. It spreads the charm and charm of the ancient city and shows its character and culture. It is the flower of hope in the ancient city. With the spring breeze of reform and opening up, time has come 1983. May 27th of that year was a cultural festival.

20 1 1 The municipal party committee and government are far-sighted and propose to build an international cultural tourism city. The Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government have made innovative ideas and scientific decisions, successively issued a series of policies to support the development of cultural tourism industry, established the strategic position of cultural tourism industry in economic and social development, and continuously increased the development and utilization of cultural tourism resources.

In order to better reproduce the magnificent scenery of Kaifeng in the past, our city has successively launched a number of major cultural tourism projects, such as the wall restoration project, the Juniper Water System Project, the renovation and upgrading project of Shucheng Street, the project of "City Diecheng" site museum, and the reconstruction of Drum Tower. Large-scale performances such as "Dream of China in Tokyo in the Great Song Dynasty" have amazed the world. In 20 14, the 27th World Hakka Family Congress was held in our city, and Hakka friends from all over the world and various media gathered in Kaifeng.

At the Seven Sacred Corners and Little Song Cheng, bustling tourists come from all over the country. Under the dim light of night, seven corners, small bridges and flowing water are full of interest, shops and restaurants are full of rhyme. Li Yan, a tourist from Baoding, Hebei, praised: "I have been to Zhouzhuang and Wuzhen. I didn't expect that there is such a beautiful and elegant place in the Central Plains where people can stop and feel the taste of life. Kaifeng people are really blessed, and they can feel dreamlike water waves and lights at home. "

From March 23rd to 25th this year, at the National Patriotic Health Work Conference and the National Urban and Rural Environmental Health Action Site Meeting held in dangtu county, Ma 'anshan City, Anhui Province, Kaifeng, which already has many honorary titles, has now added a heavy one, with bluer sky, greener land, clearer water and more beautiful city, which has written a new chapter for Kaifeng's construction strength, culture, beauty and happiness.

Today, Kaifeng, holding seven city business cards, has not stopped moving forward. Under the leadership of the municipal party Committee and the municipal government, the whole city is striving for one goal after another.

Nine appellations of the ancient capital of the Eight Dynasties

-The third series of reports on Kaifeng's history and culture.

Reporter Wang Hongchao Ancient Capital. Historically, Kaifeng became the earliest developed area in China with its advantages of rivers and lakes, developed irrigation, mild climate and convenient transportation. Its walls are magnificent and its culture is splendid. The ancients once wrote a poem, "Five Phoenix Pagoda bloom, Yimen is an ancient imperial system".

Du Laoqiu is located more than 40 miles northeast of Kaifeng today. According to ancient documents, there is no doubt that Laoqiu is the first capital of Kaifeng. The earliest city in Kaifeng was not more than 2700 years ago, but more than 4 100 years ago. It is one of the important areas for the origin and inheritance of Chinese civilization.

Later Liang Dynasty

Cities, widening roads, dredging drainage, planting trees and drilling wells. In 956, more than 100,000 migrant workers from Kaifeng, Cao, Slippery and Zheng were mobilized to build a 233-step new city-Tokyo Outer City in 48 Li, Fiona Fang, using Hulao Pass's hard earth and stone as materials. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, it was further expanded on this basis, thus making the scale of Tokyo City reach an unprecedented height. In the period of san huang 10 in the later Zhou Dynasty, the external traffic of China feudal society has changed from the Silk Road since the Han and Tang Dynasties to the sea route along the southeast coast, and China's inventions such as gunpowder and printing have spread all over the world. Kaifeng became the most prosperous and famous state in the world at that time, such as Zhengzhou, Ying and Su. By 1234, the Jin Dynasty ended, and * * * opened its capital in 2 1 year.

Inheriting the Deductive Context of Nine Appellations

Du Yao was the national, political and economic center of Xia Dynasty.

According to the chronicles of bamboo slips, the Xia Dynasty spread to 14 generations, with 17 emperors, which lasted 47 1 year. The seventh emperor ascended the throne for five years and moved the capital to Laoqiu. It was not until 13 Diyin that he moved the capital to Xihe (now Anyang, Henan).

The Xia Dynasty spent 2 17 years with Laoqiu as its capital, and experienced seven emperors, including Huai and Mang. Xia Dynasty was one of the dynasties that moved the capital the most times in the history of China, and moved the capital nine times before and after. But Laoqiu is the capital with the longest history and the most emperors among many capital cities in Xia Dynasty.

After the Xia Dynasty moved its capital to Laoqiu, it continued to develop eastward and became more powerful. Moving the capital to Laoqiu has given Xia culture a new space for development, thus creating a more splendid civilization. After the rafters, the seven emperors of Xia Dynasty took Laoqiu as their capital, and Laoqiu is still the activity center of Xia Dynasty.

Xia Dynasty

Due to the long history, the lack of literature, and the fact that the names of Kaifeng and Kaifeng are often mixed in historical books, there are different opinions about the origin of Kaifeng except the theory of "expanding the territory". Sha, an expert in Kaifeng local history, pointed out that there is a record in Hui Kao: "Kaifeng people, so Kaifeng was renamed because of its name." When Wei Zi started to build Song and Kaifeng City, Song and Zheng were already in-laws and friendly neighbors. At this time, it was reasonable to build a city in Wei fief.

crossbeam

The name of Kaifeng City first appeared in the literature, called Daliang. In the ninth year of Wei Huiwang (36 BC1), Wei moved the capital to be the main beam.

handsome and refined

Dredging instruments are developed from girders. Because the artificial ditch in the north of the girder is called dredging water or dredging instrument canal, the girder is called dredging instrument canal. After Qin unified the six countries, the county system was implemented, and Kaifeng, as an abandoned country, was reduced to Junyi County, which belonged to Sanchuan County. Junyi experienced the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the Five Dynasties, until the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu (AD 1009), Junyi was changed to Xiangfu County, with a calendar of 1234. Because of its long history, it is also called "Jun".

open

In 225 BC, Qin destroyed Wei and established Junyi (Daliang) and Kaifeng counties. In the first year of Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty (BC 156), in order to avoid Liu Qi's taboo, Kaifeng County was changed to Kaifeng County, which is the origin of Kaifeng.

Bianzhou

In the fifth year of Jiande, Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (AD 576), Liangzhou was changed to Bianzhou, which was the beginning of Kaifeng's name "Bianzhou" and changed from county governance to state governance. During the Tang Daizong period, Xuanwu Army made Li Mian expand Bianzhou City, which was the embryonic form of Kaifeng House.

Tokyo

During the Five Dynasties, Hou Liang, Houjin, Houhan and Houzhou successively established their capitals in Kaifeng, which was called the "East Capital" or "Tokyo" because of its geographical location to the east. Kaifeng was called "Tokyo" for the first time in history, in 937, and the name remained in use until the Song Dynasty.

Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, experienced a fierce debate. The final choice of Kaifeng, regardless of other factors, is inseparable from the convenient water transportation of Bianhe and other rivers and the rich water resources brought by the Yellow River. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Bianhe River, Caihe River, Jinshui River, Zhangwu River and other rivers passed through Tokyo City, bringing materials from the whole country, especially the southeast region, to Kyoto, thus making Kaifeng in a favorable position of "the hub of the world" and "the Xian Tong of all nations". So in a sense, it can be said that there is no prosperity in Tokyo without the Bianhe River, and there is no smooth flow of the Bianhe River without the Yellow River.

The curfew is relaxed, and the gates are closed late and opened early. On the Imperial Street, a military patrol shop is set up every 200 to 300 steps to patrol the corner of the shop during the day to maintain traffic order and divert people and cars; Guard official buildings and commercial buildings at night to prevent theft and fire and prevent accidents. This is probably the earliest patrol in history.

In Song Dynasty, Meng Yuan's Dream of China in Tokyo and Zhang Zeduan's famous painting The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival vividly reproduced the prosperous scenery and customs of Tokyo in this period.

In Kaifeng today

In the second year of Jingkang (A.D. 1 127), Kaifeng was called "Bianjing" after the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty. 11In the autumn of 26, the Jin army invaded south in two ways. The marked army attacked Taiyuan and crossed the river successfully; The capture of the Eastern Route Army is really certain. The two armies besieged Kaifeng, and on November 25, Tokyo broke. The Jin army occupied Tokyo for four months, and after plundering it, it retreated northward in April of 1 127, taking away all the prisoners and property including Hui Di and Qin Emperor, and the Northern Song Dynasty ended. This is the "difficulty of Jingkang" in history.

boundary beam

After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the gold, Zhongshu Province (referred to as Henan Province for short) was established in Jiangbei, Henan Province, and there was a road under it, with Kaifeng Song Road as its capital, which was called "Song Capital". At that time, the provincial capital and Luzhi were both located in Kaifeng.

Ten cultures are famous all over the world.

Heart has played an important role in the evolution of Chinese civilization and even world civilization. Today's Kaifeng, brick by brick, brick by brick and wood, is full of cultural treasures. In the thousand-year-old city with prominent Song rhyme, palace culture, official culture, loyalty culture, religious culture, folk culture, garden culture, food culture, chrysanthemum culture, opera culture and calligraphy culture are everywhere, which have been integrated into the soul of the city and become the attitude of Kaifeng people to life, making people full of infinite yearning.

Fuya culture: Kaifeng has Abao Qingtian.

Kaifengfu is the administrative and judicial organ of Kyoto officials in the Northern Song Dynasty. It has a long history and is famous at home and abroad. It was the "capital of the world" in the Northern Song Dynasty. According to historical records, in the Northern Song Dynasty, there were 183 magistrates in Kaifeng, and many historical celebrities such as Kou Zhun, Fan Zhongyan, Bao Zheng and Ouyang Xiu all served as magistrates in Kaifeng.

Especially when Bao Zheng was appointed as Kaifengfu Yin, his reputation of being impartial, law-enforcing and upright spread throughout the ages. Baogong Temple in Kaifeng is an ancestral temple built in memory of Bao Zheng. In order to commemorate this saint, Baogong Temple was built in Kaifeng during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties. Today, the Baogong Temple near Baogong Lake was restored and rebuilt by modern people to commemorate Bao Zheng. There is a well-preserved Zhaitang, which is the existing Jade Emperor Pavilion. In the sixth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1373), it was renamed Yanqing Temple. Since then, Taoist temples have been destroyed many times.

For Kaifeng, the night market is one of the most distinctive signs of its food culture. Kaifeng night market has a long history. In the Song Dynasty, Meng Yuanlao recorded in detail the Qiao Zhou night market, Dongjiaolou street, Xingjie Ma shops and Suoguo Temple Wanxing trading market distributed in Tokyo at that time: "The night market didn't reopen until midnight. If you want to make trouble, stay up all night. " Prior to this, the Tang Dynasty was "a hundred houses were like a chess game and twelve streets were like a vegetable garden", which separated the square from the city and implemented closed management.

There are now more than 20 night markets, large and small, the largest of which is the Drum Tower Night Market. There are many kinds of snacks in Gulou night market, including more than 800 kinds of famous dishes, cakes and snacks, and 98 kinds of famous Chinese snacks. Among them, 10 kinds of snacks, such as steamed buns, cockfighting and squid noodles on the first floor, have been named as provincial intangible cultural heritage. In addition to traditional snacks, Kaifeng also has famous specialties all over the country. Gulou Night Market is widely reported by many domestic and foreign media 100 because of its rich local traditional characteristics, and it is famous far and near.

Chrysanthemum culture: Kaifeng chrysanthemum is the best in the world

Chrysanthemum planting in Kaifeng can be traced back to the Southern and Northern Dynasties. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng chrysanthemum dominated in variety, quantity and cultivation techniques, resulting in the first chrysanthemum catalogue in China and the first chrysanthemum art monograph in the world. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the wind of raising and appreciating chrysanthemums in Kaifeng continued to prevail.

Today, chrysanthemum culture has been further developed in Kaifeng. As a well-known ornamental chrysanthemum planting base in China, there are more than 200 species of chrysanthemum/kloc-0, of which master chrysanthemum accounts for 25% and rising chrysanthemum accounts for 36%. Kaifeng Festival brand, which deeply combines chrysanthemum, tourism and economy and trade, has become an important platform for Kaifeng to develop cultural tourism industry and expand its opening to the outside world, and has become a beautiful business card for Kaifeng to enhance its urban taste and build an international cultural tourism city.

Calligraphy culture: famous artists gather together and talented people come forth in large numbers.

The development of legal art has had a far-reaching impact.

Kaifeng calligraphy has a strong cultural atmosphere. 1984, Kaifeng established the Calligraphers Association, and more than 120 people joined the China Calligraphers Association successively. At the same time, there are many other calligraphy groups in Kaifeng, of which more than 20 have great influence. In addition, the Hanyuan stele forest in China in Kaifeng is the largest calligraphy stele forest in China at present, with 3,800 famous calligraphy steles carved. In 2008, Kaifeng was named "China Calligraphy City" by China Calligraphy Association.

Palace culture: endless stories of palaces in the Six Dynasties

In a "Longevity Palace", there is an emperor's memorial tablet, where officials from civil and military affairs regularly come to worship. During the feudal dynasty, the emperor was called the real dragon emperor, so this place was renamed "Longting".

It is a national AAAA-level scenic spot, built on the ruins of palaces in the Six Dynasties (Hou Liang, Houjin, Houhan, Houzhou, Northern Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty in the Five Dynasties). With the magnificent Longtingtang as the main body, it is composed of buildings such as Wumen, Daiyuqiao, Songhu, Chaomen, Zhaobi and Fangchao in the Qing Dynasty, which fully shows the magnificent momentum of the royal gardens in the north. The programs in Longting Park, such as Nine Emperors Welcome, Wang Anshi's Reform, Let the Soldiers Go with a Glass of Wine, and Hundred Plays Enter the Palace, are full of the characteristics of the court culture in the Song Dynasty, which makes people dream back to the Millennium and imagine.

Loyal and brave culture: iron and blood hero, immortalized.

Speaking of Kaifeng's long-standing culture of loyalty, loyalty and heroism, Yang Ye and Yue Fei are two unavoidable important figures.

Yang Ye was a great anti-Liao star in the Northern Song Dynasty. His heroic deeds of killing the enemy and dying for the country are remembered by people, and the works of art based on him are enduring. Nowadays, "Yang Jiajiang" has become the most representative symbol of the heroic culture of loyalty and righteousness, which was destroyed and restored in the war against Japan during the Republic of China and eventually abandoned. Now yangfu is a place where people commemorate Yang Ye and carry forward the Yang family style.

Fold.

However, Genyue Garden is only a flash in the pan in the history of China gardens. Song Huizong moved the most magnificent and unique stone in the world to the south.

Xiangfu tune is an important representative of Kaifeng opera culture. As a school of Henan Opera that originated in Kaifeng, it was named Xiangfu County.