Introduction and customs of Chinese and foreign festivals with many awards (written in English)

August 15th of the lunar calendar is the traditional Mid-Autumn Festival.

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Every year, the sixth day of the eighth lunar month is a traditional Mid-Autumn Festival.

Wanderers who are far away from home also take this opportunity to pin their thoughts on their relatives in their hometown.

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Travelers who are far away from home also take this opportunity to pin their thoughts on their hometown and relatives.

Therefore, Mid-Autumn Festival is also called "Reunion Festival".

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Therefore, Mid-Autumn Festival is also called "Reunion Festival".

Put a big incense table, with offerings such as moon cakes, watermelons, apples, red dates, plums and grapes, among which moon cakes and watermelons are absolutely indispensable.

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Set a big incense burner table and put round cakes, watermelons, apples, red dates, plums, grapes and so on from last month. Sacrifice, among them, moon cakes and watermelons are absolutely indispensable.

The person who cuts the moon cakes has calculated in advance how many people in the whole family, how many people in the family and how many people in other places should be counted together. They can't cut more or less, they have to be the same size.

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The person who cuts the moon cakes has calculated in advance how many people there are in the whole family, both at home and abroad, and they should all be counted together. You can't cut more than one and you can't cut less, and the size should be similar.

In the Tang Dynasty, it was quite popular to enjoy and play with the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival.

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In the Tang Dynasty, it was very common to enjoy and play with the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival.

Christmas:

Christmas is a Christian festival to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ. No one knows the exact date of the birth of Christ, but most Christians celebrate Christmas on1February 25th. On this day, many people go to church and attend special religious ceremonies. During Christmas, they also exchange gifts and decorate their homes with holly, mistletoe and Christmas trees. The word Christmas comes from Cristes maesse, an early English phrase that means the Mass of Christ. The story of Christmas mainly comes from the gospel of St. Luke and St. Matthew in the New Testament.

The history of Christmas can be traced back to more than 4000 years ago. Many of our Christmas traditions were celebrated centuries before the birth of Christ. During the 6 5438+02 days of Christmas, bright bonfires, Christmas logs, presents, carnivals (parades) with floats, carols sung from door to door, holiday feasts and church parades can all be traced back to early Mesopotamia.

Many of these traditions began in Mesopotamia to celebrate the New Year. Mesopotamia believed in many gods, and their main god was Marduk. Every winter comes, people believe that Maddock will fight the chaotic monsters. In order to help Marduk fight, Mesopotamia held a New Year celebration. This is Zagmuk, a New Year's holiday that lasted 12 days.

Persians and Babylonians celebrated a similar festival called Sacaea. Part of the celebration includes exchanging places, slaves will become masters and masters will obey. The ancient Greeks held a festival similar to Zagmuk/Sakae Festival to help their god kronos, who would fight Zeus and his Titan.

The Romans celebrated their Saturn God. Their festival is called Saturnalia Festival, which starts in mid-February and ends in mid-February. Shouting "My Saturnalia!" Celebrations include masquerade balls in the street, grand holiday meals, visiting friends and exchanging lucky gifts called Strenae (lucky fruit). The Romans decorated their halls with laurel wreaths and green trees lit with candles. Master and slave will switch places again.

"Joe Saturnalia!" It is an interesting festival for the Romans, but Christians think it is an abomination to commemorate pagan gods. Early Christians wanted to regard the birthday of their Christian children as a solemn religious festival, rather than a festive festival like the pagan Saturnalia.

Some legends claim that the Christian "Christmas" celebration was invented to compete with the pagan celebration in December. 25th is not only a Roman festival, but also a Persian festival. Their Mithraism was one of the main rivals of Christianity at that time. The church finally succeeded in getting joy, lights and gifts from the Saturanilia Festival and brought them to the Christmas celebrations.

The exact date of the birth of Christ has never been set. Traditionally, this festival has been celebrated since 98 AD. In A.D. 137, the Bishop of Rome ordered that the birthday of the child of Christ be celebrated as a solemn festival. In 350 AD, Julius I, another Roman bishop, chose1February 25th as the day to celebrate Christmas.

The birth of Jesus has a story: in the city of Nazareth in Galilee. The virgin's name is Maria, and she was betrothed to Joseph. Before they were together, she was found to be pregnant with the child of the Holy Spirit. Her husband Joseph is going to sneak her away. While he was thinking about these things, Gabriel, the angel of God, appeared in his dream and told him not to be afraid to marry Mary. Mary will give birth to a son, and he will name him Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins.

Before Jesus was born, Joseph and Mary came to Syria ruled by Queenius. So all the people went to register, each to his city. Yue Se also went up to Judea from the city of Nazareth in Galilee, and came to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was a member of David's family and was to be registered with Mary, his betrothed pregnant wife. When they were there, it was time for her to give birth. She gave birth to her eldest son, wrapped him in a cloth and put him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.

Christmas is the birthday of Jesus, which falls on1February 25th every year. But no one knows the actual birthday of Jesus. When Christmas cards appeared in A.D. 1846, Christmas became popular, and the concept of Happy Santa Claus first became popular in the 19th century.

The custom of giving gifts to relatives and friends on special days in winter probably began in ancient Rome and northern Europe. In these areas, people give small gifts to each other as part of their year-end celebrations.

In AD 1800, two other Christmas customs became popular-decorating the Christmas tree and sending Christmas cards to relatives and friends. Many famous Christmas carols, including "Silent Night" and "Listen! Angels Singing was written in this period. In the United States and other countries, Santa Claus has replaced Saint Nicholas as a symbol of giving gifts.

The word Christmas is sometimes used instead of Christmas. This tradition began in the early Christian church. In Greek, X is the first letter of Christ's name. It is often used as a sacred symbol.

The name "Christmas" is the abbreviation of "Christian Mass". Mass is a church service. Christmas is a religious holiday. We celebrate it as the birthday of Jesus, so it is also called Christmas. On this day, all Christian churches in the world hold special ceremonies. But many Christmas celebrations have nothing to do with religion. Exchanging gifts and sending Christmas cards make Christmas a day of universal celebration.

Christmas is the biggest festival in the Christian world. At the beginning of the 4th century AD, 65438+1October 6th was a double festival for churches in the Eastern Roman Empire to commemorate the birth and baptism of Jesus, which was also called Epiphany, that is, God revealed himself to the world through Jesus. The only exception at that time was the church in Jerusalem, which only commemorated the birth of Jesus, not the baptism of Jesus.

Later, historians found in the calendar used by Roman Christians that the page of 65438+ February 25, 354 AD recorded: "Christ was born in Bethlehem, Judah." After research, it is generally believed that 65438+February 25th, as Christmas, may have originated from the Roman Church in 336 AD. 65438+February 25th was originally the birthday of Mithra, the Persian sun god (that is, god of light), and it was a pagan festival. At the same time, the sun god is also one of the gods of Roman Catholicism. This day is also the winter solstice festival of the Roman calendar, and pagans who worship the sun god regard this day as the hope of spring and the beginning of the revival of everything. Perhaps for this reason, the Roman church chose this day as Christmas. This is one of the measures that the early church tried to christianize pagan customs. Later, although most churches accepted the date of 65438+February 25th as Christmas Day, due to the different calendars used by local churches, the specific date could not be unified, so the date from 65438+February 24th to the following year 65438+1October 6th was designated as Christmas Tide, and local churches could celebrate Christmas during this period according to local conditions.

National Day:

National Day is an important festival in every country, but its name is different. Many countries call it "National Day" or "National Day", and some countries call it "Independence Day" or "Independence Day". Some countries also call it "Republic Day", "Republic Day", "Revolution Day", "Liberation Day", "National Rejuvenation Day" and "Constitution Day", and some countries directly add "day" to their names, such as " Whenever National Day comes, countries all over the world will hold different forms of celebration activities to enhance the patriotic consciousness of our people and enhance national cohesion. Countries should also congratulate each other. Every Friday and every ten days, and some have to expand the scale of celebration. In order to celebrate the National Day, governments usually hold a National Day reception, which is presided over by the head of state, head of government or foreign minister, and invites diplomatic representatives and other important foreign guests from various countries to participate. But some countries don't hold receptions, like us, Britain doesn't hold receptions.

The term "National Day" originally refers to a national celebration, which was first seen in the Western Jin Dynasty. Lu Ji, a writer in the Western Jin Dynasty, recorded in the article "On the Wuchang" that "National Day is only beneficial, and the main worry is not harmful". In the feudal era of China, the national celebration was nothing more than the emperor's accession to the throne and his birthday (the Qing Dynasty called the emperor's birthday Long live the festival). Therefore, in ancient China, the emperor was regarded as the emperor.

1949 10 October 1 is the anniversary of the founding of New China. What needs to be pointed out here is that in the impression of many people, the founding ceremony of the people of China was held in Tiananmen Square on 1949 10/0. In fact, in people's minds, 1 949 10 in June. In fact, the "founding of the People's Republic of China" in People's Republic of China (PRC), that is, the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), was announced as early as one week before 10 that year. At that time, it was called "founding ceremony" instead of "founding ceremony". The time is1September 2, 9491day. On this day, Mao Zedong, director of the Preparatory Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference, announced the birth of the new China in his opening speech at the first session of CPPCC.

What about the National Day in June 1 Sunday? At the first meeting of the first National Committee of the China People's Political Consultative Conference, Xu Guangping said: "Member Ma Xulun can't come on leave. He asked me to say that the founding of the People's Republic of China should have a National Day. I hope this Council will decide to designate 10 1 as the National Day. " Mao Zedong said: "We should put forward a plan and suggest to the government that it is up to the government to decide ... The Central People's Government has passed the Resolution on the National Day of the People of China, which stipulates that the annual National Day is 10, 1, and takes this day as the date to announce the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC). Since then, the annual 10 and 1 have become grand festivals celebrated by people of all ethnic groups in China.

Dragon Boat Festival:

The Olympic emblem consists of five connected rings (blue, yellow, black, green and red) on a white background. It was originally designed by Baron Pierre De Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games, in 19 13. In the initial introduction, de Coubertin said in the August issue of Olympic Magazine 19 13:

The emblem chosen to explain and represent the 19 14 World Congress ...: Five rings of different colors-blue, yellow, black, green and red-are placed in the white area of the paper. These five rings represent five parts of the world, which are now accepted by Olympism and willing to accept healthy competition.

American historian Robert Byrne explained in an article published in 1 1 month 1992 1 1 month, the official magazine of the International Olympic Committee, "Olympic Magazine", that Pierre De Coubertin had the idea of staggered rings when he was in charge of American sports federations, which were established by the alliance of two French sports associations. Until 1925, he was responsible for representing the International Olympic Committee in France: the emblem of the Federation was two staggered rings (such as the typical staggered wedding ring of vesica piscis), which was originally the idea of Swiss psychiatrist carl jung, because for him, rings meant continuity and humanity. [2]

19 14 The conference had to be suspended due to the outbreak of World War I, but the emblem (and flag) was later adopted. They will make their official debut at the 7th Olympic Games in Antwerp, Belgium on 1920.

The popularity and wide use of the emblem began at 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics. 1936 Carl Diem, Chairman of the Organizing Committee for the Summer Olympic Games, wants to hold a torchbearer ceremony at the stadium in Delphi, where the famous Oracle is located, and the Pitaya Games is also held here. To this end, he ordered the construction of a landmark engraved with the Olympic rings on both sides, and one torchbearer and three other torchbearers will pass the flame from there to Berlin. The ceremony was held, but the stone was never removed. Later, two British authors, Lynn and Gray Poole, saw this stone when they visited Delphi in the late 1950s, and reported in their History of Ancient Games that the pattern of the Olympic rings came from ancient Greece. This is the well-known "Karl Dimm's Stone". [3] This creates a myth that this symbol originated in ancient Greece. These rings subsequently appeared in Nazi pictures of 1936 as part of the efforts to beautify the Third Reich.