What hereditary diseases are there in the family?

There are three types of familial hereditary diseases: (attached cases)

First, monogenic diseases.

A single gene often shows functional changes, can't produce protein, has metabolic dysfunction, and forms metabolic genetic diseases. Monogenic diseases are divided into three types:

1. Dominant inheritance: If one parent has a dominant gene, once it is passed on to the next generation, it can get sick, that is, if there are sick parents, there must be sick offspring, which will be passed down from generation to generation, such as polydactyly, syndactyly, primary glaucoma, etc.

2. Recessive inheritance: such as congenital deafness, high myopia, albinism, etc. It is called recessive genetic disease because the parents of children are often normal in appearance, but they are all carriers of pathogenic genes.

3. Sex-linked inheritance, also known as sex-linked inheritance, is related to gender, such as hemophilia, whose mother is the carrier of the disease-causing gene. Another example is red-green color blindness, which is cross-inheritance. The son comes from the mother and is the carrier of the pathogenic gene, and the daughter comes from the father, but the incidence rate of men is much higher than that of women.

Second, polygene inheritance: it is caused by the influence of various gene changes, and it is the relationship between genes and traits. People's body length, body shape, intelligence, skin color, blood pressure and other traits are polygenic inheritance, as are cleft lip and palate. In addition, polygenic inheritance is greatly influenced by environmental factors, such as asthma and schizophrenia.

3. Chromosome abnormality: due to abnormal chromosome number or arrangement position; The most common type is congenital stupidity. Such children have dull face, mental retardation, wide eye distance, strabismus, tongue coating dementia, hand penetration, and often complicated with congenital heart disease.