Problems in China's Foreign Trade System

Problems to be solved in the reform of foreign trade system

1. The negative impact of excessive external dependence (including import and export dependence). In recent five years, China's dependence on foreign trade has increased at a rate of at least 10% every year. Such a high degree of dependence on foreign trade promotes China's economic development, but there are also many risks. In addition, excessive dependence on imports will increase the competitive pressure of domestic industries, increase the pressure of domestic employment and increase the operational difficulties of some domestic enterprises. Moreover, China mainly relies on the import of technical equipment, which makes China's industrial modernization and technological progress have strong external dependence, and there is a risk that developed countries will control our technology.

2. Marketization of foreign trade and orientation of government functions. Many foreign trade enterprises in China, including state-owned enterprises, are transforming into joint-stock system, and earning foreign exchange is no longer the primary goal of enterprises. The pursuit of high efficiency, high profit and low risk has become the main goal of enterprises.

While the government is carrying out the necessary administrative management, the macro-management should be shifted to the track of giving priority to legal and economic means.

There should be three major changes in the foreign trade system

1. Change the traditional concept of pursuing trade surplus and strive to pursue foreign trade balance.

Judging from the practice of China's economic development, the years of rapid economic growth are all years of deficit or surplus. Therefore, on the issue of foreign trade, we should completely change our ideas, abandon the traditional ideas and practices aimed at earning foreign exchange through exports and pursuing surplus, and establish a policy aimed at international payments.

2. Change the original "export-oriented" foreign trade strategy, turn to trade balance, and turn from focusing on exports to a trade-oriented strategy that improves productivity and promotes increasing international competitiveness.

China's foreign trade and economic cooperation strategy should shift from traditional export-oriented to trade balance, and from focusing on export volume to trade-oriented strategy, so as to improve productivity and promote the continuous enhancement of international competitiveness.

3. Change the original growth mode of foreign trade, improve the quality while expanding the scale of foreign trade, realize the transformation from a big trading country to a powerful trading country, and significantly enhance the promotion of trade to industry and national economy.

At the critical stage when China's foreign trade is changing from quantitative growth to quality and efficiency growth, and from a big trading country to a powerful trading country, we should promote the transformation of foreign trade growth mode from the following aspects: First, promote the promotion of core competitiveness and increase the added value of export products. The second is to promote the transformation and upgrading of processing trade, extend the domestic industrial chain, cultivate independent intellectual property rights, change from "migratory bird economy" to "banyan economy", and enhance the driving role of domestic industries and national economy. The third is to promote the promotion of international marketing capabilities, cultivate our own multinational companies, and grasp the market initiative. Fourth, promote industry coordination, stop vicious competition in import and export, especially establish a diversified, stable and reliable resource supply base in resource import. The fifth is to promote the convergence and complementarity of the two markets and increase the import of urgently needed products in China. We should not only attach importance to the import of resources, energy and technology, but also resolutely control the export of products with high energy consumption, high material consumption and high pollution.