Ancient architectural decorative features of the Six Dynasties period, the animal system, botanical patterns are?

The decorative patterns of the Six Dynasties period can be categorized into two systems, namely the inherent Chinese tradition and the Western imported ones, as well as the architectural style. China's inherent tradition that is, the heritage of the Zhou and Han Dynasty, based on the yin and yang, five elements or auspicious symbolism, its types, composition, expression method has been briefly introduced earlier. The new foreign decorative patterns were introduced along with Buddhism, and of course, they would carry the interest of India and even West Asia. With the Zhou-Han mostly rigid style is different, the new pattern has a smooth, lively, dynamic, vertical and horizontal free momentum. Here mainly introduce a number of types belonging to the foreign department.

Ancient architectural decorative features of the Six Dynasties period, what are the animal system, plant system patterns?

Tattoos are divided into two categories: ordinary natural objects and man-made objects, natural objects are divided into animals, plants, astronomy and geography, and processed objects are divided into geometric patterns, personnel patterns, text patterns and so on, which is the general rule. I am afraid that it is not easy to explain the decorations of the Six Dynasties era in detail according to the order of this law. Therefore, it is mainly used for the decoration of the building to explain, of course, mainly from the above mentioned grottoes and tombstones in the selection of appropriate subjects.

Animals

First of all, the animals, the most common of which are dragons, phoenixes, birds, lions and beasts. Dragons and phoenixes are inherent to China, with the dragon appearing during the Eastern Han Dynasty and the phoenix appearing since the Zhou Dynasty, with its form being complete from the Six Dynasties period. Dragons in the grotto temple arch on the inner wheel, beams of stone columns across the band, stone monuments chi dragons, etc. above the use, and the Eastern Han Dynasty Que monument on the form of a leap compared to each line, each stroke is full of vigor, so that the dragon's face of the raw power, sharp limbs, is really practiced in the art.

Ancient architectural decorative features of the Six Dynasties period, the animal system, botanical patterns have?

Phoenix and other birds can be seen at the beginning of the arches of the grotto temples in Yungang, Longmen, etc., the backlighting of Buddha statues, the roofs of the halls, etc. These are not meant to show mysterious might like the dragon, so compared with the examples of the Zhou and Han Dynasties, the techniques are much freer and there are many variations.

Lions as decoration in the grottoes can be seen in the following examples: used as the base of the Buddha's niche, used in the epitaphs below, as a separate carving placed on top of the stone pillars of the Liang Dynasty, together with the pillars in the Liang Dynasty Shinto that is the entrance to the cemetery road, and so on. Eastern Han Dynasty lions are closer to the realistic, with a mild appearance, while most of the Six Dynasties of the lion more with the courage of the gas, appearance is also quite strange, posture also has an exaggerated sense of the East Han Dynasty and the simplicity of the style of the difference, and with a feather point should be particularly attention.

The winged lion has been said, its origin is in West Asia, which should be regarded as the most rare is the Liang tomb things. Chest out and neck, forelegs outstretched, backward and spitting tongue, looking disdainfully ahead of the posture whenever and wherever you can not find a second.

Ancient architectural decorative features of the Six Dynasties period, what are the animal and plant motifs?

The lines are simple but strong, it is a rare work Liang's Shinto stone pillar platform appeared on the spirit of the beasts do not know what comes from, its lines are soft, the use of its curved body is also very corresponding, and with a kind of lofty temperament, worthy of praise. Dunhuang murals can be seen in a cleverly patterned horse, although the painting method is very simple but quite essential, the brush will be a sweep of the static performance of the dynamic posture, the technique is really light and subtle.

Botanical motifs

All of them were imported from West Asia, and accounted for the most important part of the Six Dynasties' motifs, and almost all of them belonged to the Lonicera system. This is exactly the same type as the so-called "Hidetora", a special type of tangerine grass commonly used in the Hidetora period in China. Concerning the origin and development of this kind of Lonicera tangle grass.

What are the characteristics of architectural decorations of the Six Dynasties period in ancient times, and what are the animal and botanical systems of motifs?

It is well known that the Japanese Feijoi Tang grass, which would have been called Six Dynasties vine grass in China, has its origins as far back as Egypt and Assyria, and eventually came to great prominence in Greece. It is well known that with the spread of Greek culture to the east, this vine first entered Central Asia and then China, and this has been generally recognized for a long time, but there is still a question that we can't clear up today.

If this rattan grass in the Six Dynasties period has a great power, almost used in all objects, then this is for what reason? Buildings, statues, tablets, and other jinshi, needless to say, such as flowers, clouds, flames and so on are almost all used in the variations of the shape of this vine grass, and even the outlines of the clothes are also used in the curves of this vine grass, why is it so prosperous? Although I would like to believe that this is an influence from Western Asia, why is it that there is no such use or abuse of the vine in Central Asia and beyond? Nor are there many examples in Gandhara or Central India. Or it can be said that rattan grass is after entering China, due to the Han people and the five hu love to be so able to develop, but the Han people and the five hu why would so love this rattan grass? Nowadays, many people want to figure out but can not figure out the problem.

Ancient architectural decorative features of the Six Dynasties period, animal and plant motifs?

The atmosphere of this Sixth Dynasty rattan grass and Sassanian and Persian Lonicera are one and the same, so a survey about Lonicera was conducted in Persia. However, the examples in Persia are mainly found on dyed fabrics, and the remains on buildings are very few, and almost all of them have been obliterated as well as their internal and external decorations, so it is much more difficult to collect the information in this regard, and in the end, it did not yield the expected results. There is also an unexpected paucity of Sixth Dynasty vines on Gandhara art, insufficient to illustrate the connection with China. The situation is even worse in Central India. However, examples of close parallels with China have been unexpectedly found in Byzantium. In this way, the origins of the Six Dynasties vine plants are buried in a fog.

All in all, it is difficult to find a clue to the wide range of uses and variations of the Six Dynasties rattan grass. Collecting examples, categorizing them, and explaining them is not a task that can be accomplished in a short period of time.

The Six Dynasties stone pillows in the collection of the Faculty of Literature of the Tokyo Imperial University, the surface of the sun-carved rattan grass is the most formal, most often in the Indian arch of the Buddha's image of the backlight and the upper part of the niche;

Ancient architectural decorative features of the Six Dynasties period, the animal system, the botanical system of what are the motifs?

Longmen Binyang Cave in the present, the backlight can be seen on the intricate vine, at first glance it seems to be unrelated to the six Dynasties of the vine, but a closer look, its complexity is precisely the six Dynasties of the vine, this kind of example can also be found in the Yungang Grottoes;

Bei Lingtangshan Grottoes of the arch coupon pattern, and the six Dynasties of the vine compared to the grass and there are changes in the petals are obviously thicker, so the momentum of the sharp strong quite Disappeared, replaced by a fresh, plump and elegant atmosphere. Of course, this belongs to the Sui items, from the real flavor of the six dynasties has been a distance, but we must admit, with the times **** in, style or, interesting or, will change, only its inertia will always be hidden in the future generations.

In short, the Six Dynasties of the botanical system of pattern is almost all the Six Dynasties of vine and grass or deformation, only a few kinds of the body of the plant pattern of unknown origin exists, but here there is no time to deliberately mention. In the astronomical and geographic tattoos, there are flying clouds and mountains; in the geometric tattoos, there are geometrized flowers, sawtooths, and other types; and in the personnel tattoos, there are a lot of tattooed portraits, which are more pictorial in nature. Regrettably, these issues can only be omitted here, but must mention one thing in particular: Yungang and Longmen have exactly the same with the Japanese Horyuji appear on the railings of the deformation of the out of the system grid.

What are the animal and plant motifs that characterize the architectural decorations of the ancient Six Dynasties period?

Finally, as a special case to cite the Six Dynasties of Han Dynasty patterns, the pattern of the southern end of the monument of the 1st cave in the North Rongtang Mountain. This also belongs to the Sui Dynasty, slightly closer to the tone of the Tang, the upper end of the six dynasties inherent in the Huagai type, under which the entire surface is filled with ghosts and dragons intricate combination of patterns, both the conception and the pen shows the vigor of the spirit. These patterns were originally used since the Zhou and Han Dynasties, but the hardness of the Zhou and Han Dynasties has been changed to become more dynamic, and the nature of the lines contains the Six Dynasties style of interest, and everywhere you can see shapes suggesting the meaning of the Six Dynasties vines and grasses. There are also chi dragons on the stone tablets of the same type. The change of the tablet should be discussed in a separate chapter, omitted here.

Superimposed pattern in the Han Dynasty had a sign of evolution to the dragon type, but in the Six Dynasties but completely into a chi dragon, the following all use the tortoise pedestal.