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The Development and Utilization of Ancient Town Tourism in China

Author: Yu Dan Resource Development and Market

Abstract: Taking the water town of Zhouzhuang as an example, we analyze the problems in the development of tourism in ancient towns and, on this basis, put forward the three major principles that should be adhered to in the development of tourism in ancient towns to take government as the leading role, give priority to protection, and reasonably develop, and three major countermeasures that should be taken to carry out scientific planning, innovate the development of ideas, and expand the publicity of ancient towns. The three main measures should be taken to carry out scientific planning, innovative development ideas, and expanding the publicity of the ancient town.

Keywords: ancient town tourism: protection; tourism development

Because of the long-term impact of traditional Confucian culture, since ancient times, the Chinese people have paid great attention to the selection of the entire family residence and construction, after a long history of development, has gradually formed a large number of distinctive regional characteristics and cultural characteristics of the architectural groups and villages, constituting the ancient style of China's architectural genres. According to the cultural background and history of the region can be divided into: ① the big style of the Huizhou ancient village group, mainly in Anhui, Jiangxi; ② the simplicity of the Northwest of the ancient village group, the distribution of the region of Shaanxi; ③ the rich and noble atmosphere of the northern compound group, the distribution of the region of Shanxi; ④ small and exquisite water village group, mainly in Zhejiang, Jiangsu; ⑤ alternative and romantic Southwest of the village group, the distribution of the region of Sichuan, Chongqing; ⑤ alternative romantic village group, the distribution of the region of Sichuan, Chongqing; ⑤ the Southwest of the ancient village group, the distribution of the region of Sichuan, Chongqing, and the distribution of the region of the ancient village group; ⑤ the ancient village group, the distribution of the ancient village group, the distribution of the ancient village group, the distribution of the ancient village village group. Region for Sichuan, Chongqing; ⑥ distinctive personality of the Lingnan ancient villages group, the distribution area for Fujian, Guangdong; ⑦ beautiful and elegant Xiangqian ancient villages group, the distribution area for Hunan, Guizhou; ⑧ the leading Nanzhao ancient villages group, distributed in Yunnan. These ancient architectural groups, ancient villages as a treasure of Chinese culture, rich in historical and cultural value and artistic value, in the rapid development of tourism today, has become an important tourist resource to attract tourists from all over the world.

1The rise of ancient town tourism and the problems in the development

111The rise of ancient town tourism

The rise of ancient town tourism is a matter of nearly 20 years. China in reference to the international heritage protection experience, based on the historical and cultural towns (villages) into the scope of heritage protection. 1982 announced the "Chinese people's *** and the State Cultural Relics Protection Law"; 1986 the State Council announced the second batch of historical and cultural cities, put forward to the concentration of cultural relics of small towns, villages for protection. Subsequently, all provinces of the country started the naming of historical and cultural towns and the declaration of the world cultural heritage of ancient towns. So far, the ancient town tourism as a new way of tourism to the majority of tourists. From the first "China's first water town" of Zhouzhuang, to the first included in the world cultural heritage of Xidi - Hongcun ancient village in Anhui Province, from Jiangsu and Zhejiang Tongli, Wuzhen, Xitang to Pingyao Ancient City in Shanxi Province, the west of Yunnan Lijiang and other ancient towns, have become the object of the tourists to chase.

112 problems in the development

Taking the ancient town of Zhouzhuang as an example, it briefly introduces the common problems that exist in the process of tourism development in ancient towns in China. After more than 10 years of development, Zhouzhuang has been transformed from a water town in the south of the Yangtze River into the "China's first water town" which is famous both at home and abroad, and has accumulated a lot of experience and lessons in the process of tourism development. As early as the beginning of the tourism planning, the main planning Professor Ruan Yisan cautioned against overdevelopment and ruined Zhouzhuang, but the expert's advice was not enough to defeat the temptation of huge profits. In the past, Zhouzhuang had to be entered by ferry, but in 1998, in order to develop tourism, Zhouzhuang "said goodbye to the ferry" and built a concrete bridge, and since then, tour buses have driven straight into the area, destroying the original ecology of Zhouzhuang. 1994, attracted by the tens of millions of dollars of investment by a company, the local government, despite the planning and design, built a "Quanfu Temple" in the south lake area of Zhouzhuang. A "Quanfu Temple", which used to be the site of Lu Guimeng's fishing place and Liu Yuxi's apartment, is now occupied by a non-Qing and non-Ming concrete-beamed temple [ 6 ]. In addition to these constructive damages, the town is also plagued by a strong commercialized atmosphere, unregulated market management, and a lack of reasonable repairs and maintenance. According to the staff of the town's conservation committee, there are more than 900 properties in the town, of which 80% are collectively owned by the town and 20% are privately owned. All of the collectively owned houses are now rented out for business or residential purposes. Because of the many tourists and good business here, there are many stores with broken walls and windows [ 6 ]. Before the development of the old town, there were more than 800 restaurants and shops***, but now there are more than 150 restaurants and more than 1,800 stores. Many residents have a weak sense of protection of the old town, ignoring the government's regulations that do not allow the opening of stores by breaking down the walls, and taking the "decisive" approach, opening a store first and then applying for a license, or "breaking down the walls in the middle of the night", forming a fait accompli to achieve the purpose of opening a store. Every year, there are more than 10 cases of private demolition and remodeling of houses without the consent of the Conservation Committee [ 5 ]. The doors and windows of Zhouzhuang, begonia windows, plate windows, wind windows, Yuanbao windows, etc. have disappeared due to man-made destruction, and the number of existing ones has been reduced, among which the angular doors and Yuanbao windows have been destroyed the most because of doing business [ 5 ]. Zhouzhuang tourism development will produce a variety of problems, to a certain extent, is due to the lack of experience and the tendency to think that there is a simple development of tourism, did not pay attention to the tourism development "degree" of the problem. In fact, these problems in our country around the ancient town tourism development process is very common.

2 ancient town tourism development principles

211 government-led principle

The author believes that the development of tourism in ancient towns is different from the development of other tourism resources, should change the previous pure dependence on the market, adhere to the principle of government-led by the government to set up a special leading group of tourism development, tourism development of ancient towns and strengthen the unified management of the market. Management. For a long time, due to the lack of funds, many ancient towns try to use a variety of development modes, such as through the concession of the right to operate the way to introduce some of the social capital, private funds to engage in tourism development. These practices inevitably exists a kind of quick success and quick profit idea, at the same time due to the development of entities in the development process of inconsistency and uncoordinated thinking, but also on the subsequent development of the ancient town of the adverse effects. Adhere to the principle of government-led, does not exclude the innovation of ancient town development of investment and financing system, only in the capital operation process, the government should strengthen its management function, formulate relevant policies and regulations, the implementation of unified planning, effective management, not in accordance with the provisions of the practice resolutely to be outlawed and abolished. In addition, the government should ensure that each year to set out a special fund for the repair and maintenance of the town, as a solution to the traditional historical and cultural heritage protection and development of the contradictions between.