What is the meaning of seating pattern

The classroom environment layout of the seating arrangement mode pick up

The Soviet educator Tiatchenko had long been committed to the theoretical exploration of collective teaching and experimental research, creating a valuable collective teaching ideas. He believed that in collective teaching, different seating arrangements will have different impacts on students' learning attitudes, classroom behaviors, emotional exchanges and the whole educational activities. Therefore, he advocated giving full play to the characteristics of different seating patterns and arranging students' seats flexibly and scientifically according to the changes in teaching contents, teaching objectives and teaching scenarios. In the practice of the new curriculum reform, we also y appreciate: the traditional, single seating arrangement can not meet the needs of different courses, different types of classes and a variety of teaching activities, and it is difficult to realize the classroom culture, teacher-student communication and dialogue on an equal footing, and the learning style towards the goal of the reform of the classroom in an inquisitive and cooperative manner. Based on this, many teachers have made useful attempts and explorations, and now several common seating arrangement modes are briefly introduced in a graphic way.

(A) row and column This is since the seventeenth century Comenius invented the system of divided classes, the schools commonly used seating arrangement mode. Because of its resemblance to the arrangement of seedlings in the farmland, it is also known as "seedling field". When using this model, all the students sitting neatly facing the teacher, it is easier to focus, less interference between students, easy to teach and students written practice, but also conducive to the teacher to observe and control the classroom behavior of the whole class of students. The disadvantages are also obvious, it implies "teacher-centered" educational ideas, to the students (especially the students in the back row) to the "I am the audience or listener" psychological implication, is not conducive to the classroom teaching process of the students' subjectivity and the play of the teacher-student and interpersonal communication between the students and teachers. It is not conducive to the play of student subjectivity in the classroom teaching process and interpersonal communication between teachers and students, and is contrary to the teaching requirements of equality, initiative, cooperation and inquiry advocated by modern education. However, in many urban primary and secondary schools, students are full, a class of less than fifty to sixty people, more than a hundred people, it is only appropriate to use this model.

(ii) circle type Circle arrangement from the spatial elimination of the seat of the primary and secondary, everyone can see each other, communicate with each other, is conducive to the formation of teachers and students, the formation of equal relationships between students, while expanding the student's activities, it is easy to stimulate the enthusiasm of the students to learn, and therefore this is often used by the teachers of a model. In the early grades, the circle seating arrangement is usually without desks, which is very suitable for carrying out teaching and learning activities with the nature of amusement; in the middle and upper grades, this mode is suitable for all kinds of classroom discussions, which can greatly increase the verbal and non-verbal exchanges between students, teachers and students, and maximize the promotion of classroom interaction activities between students. Teachers can sit in the middle of the students or move around in the circle as they please. When the teacher stands in the center of the circle, students tend to be more active and present more ideas and thoughts. However, the teacher's back is turned to a portion of the students no matter where he or she stands, and it is also not easy to maintain order in the classroom. The circle style requires that the class size should not be too large, and if there are more than 40 students, a concentric double-layered circle must be set up.

(C) horseshoe If the class size is not more than 30 students, horseshoe is a very practical arrangement mode. It is suitable for teachers to teach new lessons, but also suitable for students to communicate and discuss, more convenient for teachers and students to carry out a variety of performance activities. A podium can be set up at the front, and the teacher can also go to the blackboard to board, and also walk to the center zone at any time to engage in communication and classroom management, to understand the learning status of each student, and adjust the teaching strategy in time. Students can look and listen to each other, which helps teachers and students to exchange all kinds of information with each other. The central zone is a stage for teachers and students to show off, and it is very convenient for teaching various role-plays, game activities, songs and dances. The horseshoe style also facilitates changes in the way the choreography is organized, and the seating can be quickly adjusted to a circular, rectangular (three sides) or double-arc shape, etc., as needed.

(D) fan type fan type from the ladder form into the ladder form because of the proximity of rows and columns, this paper did not do a single column. Fan-style biggest feature is that each layer is a concentric corner, and layer and layer staggered arrangement, the front rows do not block the line of sight of the back rows, all the students' eyes focused on a point. Fan-style generally do not have desks, and sometimes even stools are not used. It is suitable for use in art sketching classes, music chorus classes, and other teaching activities that require gazing. Fan-style seating arrangement helps to develop students' attention, teaching should pay attention to students' visual habits, allowing students to freely choose the best angle.

(E) Pairs of columns Pairs of columns borrowed from the "psychology of vision" - the effect of the sitting direction of the principle of triggering heated debates, suitable for middle and high school students to carry out classroom debates. We can be in favor of different points of view of the students on both sides of the more complex issues in the teaching of the discussion, this independent exchange of ways to help stimulate students' thinking, deepen the understanding of the content of the teaching, and at the same time to improve the students' discursive and expressive skills. In order to avoid sharp confrontation, reduce the psychological pressure on students, you can be close to one end of the column or connected, become a "V" type, which can also play an unexpected effect, it makes the students and teachers, students and students or sit horizontally, or diagonally, the teaching of the teacher and students, students and students diagonally intersecting the line of sight, weakening the antagonism, the classroom teaching work organization and organization of the classroom. It helps to organize and carry out the work of classroom teaching. If the class is too large, the class can also be divided into several single groups of pairs of columns of units (similar to the grouping style).

(VI) Grouping Grouping is widely used in classroom teaching after the new curriculum reform, which provides opportunities and space for students to learn independently, cooperatively, and through inquiry, and can maximize the interaction and mutual influence among students. As each group of only 3-5 people, students psychological pressure is small, can naturally bring their own cognitive tendencies, ways of thinking and values to participate in the collective discussion, each student can become the protagonist of the classroom, its self-expression, independent development of the power to get the due protection, which greatly improves the students' learning initiative, collaboration and creativity. At the same time, the teacher is also easy to understand the learning situation, if necessary, can also participate in group discussions. Grouping of students should pay attention to: the class according to learning ability, intelligence level, gender, personality, family background and other differences in heterogeneous grouping, in favor of students to complement their strengths and weaknesses, **** with progress. The arrangement of desks for each group is also varied, in addition to the illustration of the two exceptions, there are "field" type, "concave" type and many other ways.

(7) Free-form Free-form is an ideal seating arrangement. Classroom are equipped with "universal wheel" single desk, usually arranged in rows and columns, once the need arises, the desk can be "universal" combination into any kind of way, especially to facilitate the free combination of group discussion. It can make the interaction between individual students and student groups and student groups more independent and diversified. At the beginning of this arrangement, the teacher can make suggestions according to the complementary nature of the students, including the backbone of the match, excellent students and poor students, students from different family backgrounds, and male and female students mixed arrangements and so on. With the deepening of mutual understanding between teachers and students and between students and students, the "universal" combination in the classroom will be more and more optimized.

British scholar Clive Wilkinson believes that "the environment of the classroom is the key to students' access to learning opportunities". Seating and seating arrangement is undoubtedly an important part of the teaching environment, which will directly affect the overall development of students. It can be said that the way and method of seating arrangement as well as the psychology and mentality represent the teachers' educational thinking and educational level. Of course, no teaching method in the world is universally applicable, and there is no one-size-fits-all mode of seating arrangement. Teaching scenarios are ever-changing, and all ways have their own limitations. Teachers should choose the most effective arrangement mode according to different teaching content, but also to consider the design of the teaching environment to match, so that the overall setup can reflect certain educational values and educational requirements, from the objective reality, to avoid the shortcomings of the strengths of the flexible choice, to achieve the optimization of classroom teaching.

Scheduling to certain principles is: 1, try to help the poor, static with the dynamic, the middle of the extra work. 2, to take care of poor eyesight students, pay attention to the angle of their position and the blackboard, timed cycle. 3, if possible, the best on a month to change the position of the la. 4, pay attention to isolate those who destructive force of the students, as far as possible, and placed them in separate and easy to see the teacher's place. 5, if the class to carry out a one-to-one activities. If you are going to have a "one for one" program in your class, consider intentionally grouping some of the poor students with the best students. This will make the seating arrangement relatively more reasonable. In short, the seats should be changed according to the need, not set in stone.

Seating should follow the following principles: respect for the objective physiological conditions of students; student cadres backbone force reasonable layout to ensure that the backbone of the role of the students to play. It must be known that, in the time when the teacher is not in the classroom, these students are the backbone of the stability of the class, the formation of a good learning style, classroom style. In the current conditions, Mr. Wei Shusheng's experience is that: when entering the school first arranged by the size of the first, and then with the deepening of mutual understanding, students can voluntarily combination, the combination of two conditions: first, conducive to learning; second, to be willing to five (seating changes involved in the four students and classroom teachers should agree). It is worthwhile to learn from it. We can learn from it. In fact, no matter how the row of seats, we have to highlight the vitality of students, fully grasp the students as the life of the individual mutual support, interaction factors, can not focus on the order, light physiology; focus on the conclusion, light process; focus on learning, light life; focus on learning achievements, light life vitality.

"Life is power", respect for life will produce great power of love.

Seats, in fact, is the closest to life

Nowadays, the classroom of the second year of the third class that I teach has appeared a kind of "circle" row method. The students sit in a circle facing each other in class, so they can communicate and discuss with each other. This is an attempt to innovate the teaching model, this open-ended "round table" row is the first time.

Seating from the "rice paddy" into a "circle", "before only one table, but now there are four to five, face to face in class together to discuss the problem can also be directly exchanged, feel and classmates! I feel that the distance between me and my classmates has been narrowed." A girl said.

Student seating from the "rice paddy type" into a "circle type", the change is not only the form, but the teachers and students teaching and learning and even a "revolution" in the way of thinking. Currently in primary and secondary schools in the row of seats in the basic use of "rice paddy type", that is, roughly in accordance with the order of height, just like planting rice seedlings in the rice paddies, put the students into a fixed position. However, the disadvantages of this approach are obvious. One study found that students sitting in the front and center of the classroom spent significantly more time and interacted with the teacher than those sitting in the back row. "Now, we have students sit in circles by groups, like a round table, to facilitate group discussions." This is done to facilitate communication and discussion among students and to stimulate their learning autonomy. "Now the students in this class are obviously more active than before and love to discuss when they encounter problems."

This new classroom model is also currently an experiment. "Teaching is for the sake of not teaching, truly stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of students to learn, learning will no longer be a chore."

The classroom seating from the "rice paddies" to "circle", to facilitate the exchange of students to discuss, stimulate students' learning autonomy. "Now the class is obviously more active than before, encounter problems also love to discuss." Zhao Jinbao, a language teacher in the third class of the eighth grade, said, "At the same time, the 'circle' form of seating, which helps the teacher take care of each student, the teacher and the students also have more communication."

When teaching a new lesson, you can adopt the "rice-planting" style of seating to maximize the maintenance of teaching discipline and to guide all students to devote their attention to the teacher's teaching. In the organization of discussion and exchange can take the form of "group sitting", so that it is more convenient for students to interact effectively with each other, and through the superior and less advanced students with learning, reduce the learning difficulties of the latter. In the seminar activities, you can take the "circle" seat, the students sit in a circle, the teacher in the middle, this can be closer to the distance between teachers and students, so that students feel that teachers and students are in a position of equality, to eliminate the loneliness of the students, to cultivate a sense of security and sense of participation in favor of the learning of the students.

Students nowadays are very lively and like to express themselves, so it is necessary to guide students to learn to discuss." She believes that students are becoming more self-aware and the teacher profession doesn't have the same sense of authority as it once did, so it's important to use the power of peers to correct children's bad behavior. Learning and growth groups are a good format, and in terms of learning outcomes, the third works best when comparing teachers' questions, discussing with each other and teaching others (learning and growth groups are also a form of mutual education for kids).

In the traditional way of teaching, teachers would teach from pre-prepared lesson plans, and students did not have lesson plans. Nowadays, teachers prepare not a lesson plan but an "introduction". The "guide" consists of two texts, a "study plan" for teachers and students***, and a "guide" for the teacher's own use. Before class, the teacher will give each student issued a "guide", the class will be on what content, the requirements of some of the knowledge points, ready to assign which several homework, students before class are clear. Teachers in class in communication with students, found that students which part of the understanding of good, you can talk less, on the contrary, which part of the students are difficult to understand, will talk more. Yang Yunsheng, principal of Hongtang Middle School, said, "The biggest difference between a guide and a lesson plan is that the former guides students how to learn, while the latter emphasizes how teachers teach students." Classroom more interactive learning more active seating arrangement form has changed, the classroom blackboard more. This form of change, brought about by the classroom teaching changes. A notable feature is that the teacher's lecture time is significantly reduced, increasing the classroom question and answer, group discussion, personal display and other links.

The basic principles that should be followed in the seating arrangement of students:

(1) The principle of comprehensiveness: for all students, consider the full participation of students in communication and development, and cultivate the spirit of cooperation among students. Let them learn to communicate with others, cooperate with others, and *** with exploration in the small world of the group. Do not give "relations" open special position.

(ii), the principle of complementarity: the principle of complementarity is to break the traditional seating pattern, to four people in a study group, to achieve complementary advantages, to provide each student with an environment that can fully develop themselves. The main aspects include the following.

(1) gender complementarity. The gender factor also has a great complementary and inducing effect. Girls are subtle, more introverted and observant. Boys are more rugged and like to show, girls have stronger image thinking and pay attention to feelings, while boys have stronger abstract thinking and pay attention to rationality. Girls are more serious and meticulous while boys are more resolute and agile, etc., we should then complement each other's strengths.

(2) Complementary character. Students with different personalities, temperaments and virtues should sit together. Teachers may wish to consider the comprehensive situation of students to make the following collocation; such as independence and dependence, impetuous and steady, lack of hard work and diligence of students with each other. With such a character to minimize the conflict of character, conducive to the creation of loose and harmonious interpersonal relationships.

(3) complementary achievements. To try to different levels of knowledge and ability to arrange together, the implementation of intelligent complementary, to achieve optimal combination, *** with the purpose of progress. For example, science scores good but poor arts scores and arts scores good science scores poorly organized together, so that they encourage each other, help each other, each other's progress.

(4) Complementary environment. Different environments produce students with different personalities. For example, urban and rural areas, living in affluence and living in poverty, two-parent families and single-parent families, which will make the students all develop in a healthy and harmonious way. Especially a student from a single parent family can't sit alone, we must group him together with those students from two parent families who are cheerful, positive and broad-minded.

The vocation of a teacher is to teach and educate people, the teacher's behavior is a role model for students, the teacher's words and deeds is one of the important factors affecting the development of students, therefore, the class teacher must adhere to the principles of teaching and learning, conducive to the learning of students and their physical and mental health, so as to let the students feel that the class teacher is a fair and friendly people, they are living in a fair class, they must be subjected to The concept of equality is inculcated. This is also to better adapt to the development of the new situation of education.