Why is logistics an important means for enterprises to reduce costs?

1. Compared with the traditional mode of transportation, logistics service is a revolutionary breakthrough. The first is the integration of various modes of transportation, and the independent modes of transportation by sea, land and air are organized according to scientific and reasonable processes, thus reducing customers' access to the best transportation route, shortest transportation time, highest transportation efficiency, safest transportation guarantee and lowest transportation cost, and forming an effective. The second is to break the industry boundary that the transportation link is independent of the production link, establish the planning and control of the whole process of supply, production and sales through the concept of supply chain, and complete the optimal design and operation of the production system as a whole. Based on the application of modern information technology, the organic unity of goods flow, capital flow and information flow has been realized, the total cost of social production has been reduced, and suppliers, manufacturers, sellers, logistics service providers and final consumers have achieved a win-win strategic project. Thirdly, it breaks through the viewpoint that the center of transportation service is capacity, and emphasizes that the purpose of transportation and service is customer first, and the demand of customers is the content and mode of transportation service. Under the situation that production tends to be small and diversified, and consumer demand tends to be diversified and personalized, logistics service providers need to develop professional and personalized service projects. Fourthly, among all kinds of transportation elements, logistics pays more attention to the management of transportation process and commercial scientific and technological information, which makes the traditional transportation operation open and transparent and helps to adapt to the rhythm of production and the plan of product sales. 2. The role of logistics in the national economy of developed countries. With the rapid development of modern science and technology and the trend of global economic integration, all countries are facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. As an advanced organization and management technology, modern logistics is widely regarded as an important profit source for enterprises besides reducing material consumption and improving labor productivity, and plays an important role in national economic and social development. A large number of data show that. The logistics output value of economically developed countries or regions is in a very important position in the national economy. Since the mid-1990s, the national survey conducted by the British Logistics Processing Center shows that the logistics cost accounts for 39% of the total expenditure of the national economy. In the field of production and circulation, logistics cost accounts for 63% of total expenditure, and the proportion of British logistics output value to GDP reached 10.63% in 196. According to the statistics of Lloyd's Shipping Economist, the proportion of logistics expenditure in GDP of various countries is 1656. Among them, the total cost of social logistics in European industrialized countries, although slightly different from country to country, is generally equivalent to about 12% of the gross national product, and the logistics cost in the United States accounts for 10.5% of GDP. Modern logistics can reduce circulation cost, and with the rationalization of logistics management, it can reduce logistics consumption. For example, in the 1970s, the average logistics cost in the United States was equivalent to 13.7% of GDP,1.1%,1996, and dropped to 65,438+. According to the market scale of global logistics cost, the proportion of logistics output to GDP is about 1 1- 15%, and the global daily logistics cost is as high as $3.43 trillion. Therefore, some developed countries regard reducing the circulation cost, especially the logistics cost, as the source of developing the third profit and as an important measure to improve the whole national economy. 3. The role of logistics in China's national economy In China's industrial field, due to the long-term influence of planned economy, procurement, manufacturing, transportation, warehousing, agency, distribution and sales are separated from each other, resulting in excessive inventory of raw materials and finished products in production enterprises, occupying too much funds and increasing the production cost of products; On the other hand, transportation, warehousing and other enterprises have insufficient effective supply, the existing facilities are not fully utilized, and the transportation links are not connected, which leads to rising costs. In recent ten years, with the development of market economy and the rise of logistics industry, many enterprises in China have begun to change the above situation. For example, Qingdao Haier Group has achieved initial results through logistics reform and breakthrough. They chose air conditioning components as the starting point to build a modern three-dimensional warehouse, so as to promote the reform of the material distribution system. Carry out some activities, such as renting warehouses on behalf of others, standardizing supplier supply and automating inventory management. The backward leased warehouse of 65,000 square meters was replaced by a modern three-dimensional warehouse, and the warehouse keeper of 48 people replaced the original warehouse keeper of 389 people, which improved the efficiency and reduced the warehouse management cost. Only the cost of renting the warehouse can save120,000 yuan/year. From a national perspective, the potential of logistics is enormous. According to statistics, the inventory of finished products of182,000 independent accounting industrial enterprises listed by the National Bureau of Statistics at the end of 1998 was 609.4 billion yuan, accounting for 9.6% of its annual product sales revenue. If accounts receivable of RMB 65,438+0,236,5438+0.5 billion are added, the two funds account for 29. 1% of the product sales revenue. In the same year, the turnover times of current assets of this182,000 enterprise were only 1.4 1 time. It can be seen that the development of logistics is of great practical significance for Chinese enterprises to reduce capital occupation and accelerate capital turnover. On the other hand, from the perspective of transportation costs, we still have 20% room for efforts. As long as the existing transportation cost can be reduced by about 10%, the overall level of our national economy will have a new leap, a real leap. Therefore, it is an urgent need for the development of national economy to vigorously promote modern logistics industry, connect separated links and optimize enterprise material supply chain. 4. Developing the logistics industry is also a realistic requirement for the overall adjustment of China's economic structure. In March this year, Premier Zhu stressed in his Government Work Report at the Fourth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress that accelerating the strategic adjustment of the economic structure is an urgent requirement for expanding domestic demand and promoting economic growth, and is also a fundamental measure to adapt to the staged changes in China's economic development and cope with increasingly fierce international competition. After nearly 20 years of rapid economic growth, new changes have taken place in the domestic and international market environment, and China is facing a low-level commodity surplus. Due to insufficient market demand, a large number of products are unsalable, production capacity is idle, employment pressure is increasingly prominent, and economic growth lacks motivation. Many industries are in scattered and blind excessive competition, forming a large number of enterprise organizations without market scale and industrial upgrading ability. Its motivation is the accumulation of structural contradictions over the years. Facing the cyclical changes of China's economic development and the requirements of international competition, we must complete the two important tasks of adjusting the traditional industrial structure and enterprise organizational structure, and we must solve the important bottleneck problem in the strategic adjustment of China's economy. Because China's economy lacks large-scale circulation organizations and circulation networks to support the adjustment of industrial structure, decentralized circulation intensifies blind competition among decentralized enterprises, making it impossible for large companies in China to carry out large-scale industrial integration with reasonable low-cost circulation links. At the end of 1990s, foreign multinational corporations and a number of domestic circulation enterprises successively entered the chain business and market network in China. However, China's logistics industry foundation is not enough to support the operation of the national network, which leads to black holes and network traps in various commercial networks developed in different places. So it can be said that there is no big industry without big circulation, and there is no big circulation without big logistics. It is very important to vigorously develop the logistics industry and complete the adjustment of China's economic structure. In a word, the development of logistics industry will play a positive and important role in the national economy, whether in developed countries or developing countries like China.