What is a gene?

Gene is the basic unit of organism inheritance, which exists on the chromosome of cells.

Genes are all the nucleotide sequences needed to produce a functional RNA or polypeptide chain, and are the basic genetic units that control biological characteristics, and can participate in signal transmission between cells and cells.

Genes control biological characters by guiding protein to synthesize and express the genetic information it carries. Genes can be replicated, thus maintaining their basic characteristics stably, and can also be mutated and evolved to increase biodiversity.

genetic structure

Genes can be divided into structural genes and non-structural genes. Structural genes refer to base sequences encoding RNA and protein, while non-structural genes do not encode DNA sequences, but participate in gene expression regulation.

Structural genes are divided into prokaryotic structural genes and eukaryotic structural genes. Nonstructural genes are divided into cis-acting elements (including promoters, upstream promoters, reaction elements, enhancers, silencers, etc.). ) and trans elements.