Japanese dance

Japanese dance generally refers to all kinds of dances popular in Japan, such as ancient dance, music, energy, folk dance and kabuki dance. In a narrow sense, it refers to kabuki dance including various schools. In Japan, "dance" was also called "swimming" in ancient times and "swimming" after the Middle Ages. The original Japanese dance was called divine music, such as witch dance, which was used for worship, entertainment and contact with God.

Japanese Dance-The dance editor introduced that this Japanese dance generally refers to all kinds of dances popular in Japan, such as classical dance, music, energy, national dance, kabuki dance and so on. In a narrow sense, it refers to kabuki dance including various schools. In Japan, "dance" was also called "swimming" in ancient times and "swimming" after the Middle Ages. The original Japanese dance was called divine music, such as witch dance, which was used for worship, entertainment and contact with God.

From Nara to Heian period, geisha music (the Mowei of Baekje people came from wuyue, China), elegant music (from Tang Dynasty) and scattered music (from China folk songs and dances, acrobatics, magic and acrobatics) were introduced from abroad, which greatly developed Japanese dance.

Medieval energy was also influenced by China's Nuo dance and puppet show. The emergence and development of kabuki in the Edo period created a new situation in Japanese dance, with many immortal masterpieces and famous actors.

Japanese Dance-Divine Comedy Edited by Dance Form

Primitive Japanese dance is used for sacrificial activities, called divine music, which is based on evocation, meditation and blessing. It is a prayer dance based on the "spiritual possession" of Tianya otaku and Tianya woman described in the famous ancient stories and Japanese Records (see folk art). At first, witches (vagrants) danced, and later, men (vagrants) danced. This kind of dance in primitive society can be divided into regular dance and irregular dance according to sacrificial activities. Often associated with hunting, farming, etc. , depending on the season and season; It is held irregularly because of human life and death, disaster, marriage and war. In the feudal era, the imperial court formulated the music of bending the gods, and the position of the witch was replaced by a male god officer. Folk music is called country music or inner music. Prayer dances such as "Weng" and "San Fan Zuo" still exist today, and they all retain the ancient tradition of sacred joy. At present, there are also witch dances in the volcano burning shrine in Yinqi Island, Shimane Prefecture. In the dance, two witches wore the crown of heaven, dressed in white clothes, danced with fans and invited the gods to come. Accompanying instruments include drums and cymbals. Divine music was widely circulated among the people and was later incorporated into folk art.

Palace music

Also known as dance music, it is a kind of music and dance used in Japanese court to sacrifice and enjoy time, which has different meanings from the elegant music in ancient China dance. Japanese elegant music includes Ma Le and Langyong. In addition, there are Sanhan Music, Bohai Music, Yuejile Music, Tang Le (Yan Music in Sui and Tang Dynasties), Sanle Music (Potou and Warrior Lanling), Tianzhu Music, Linyi Music, Luole Music and other western music and dances. Wu Wen established Yelv Liao. Later, Yale was divided into two parts, and the left part was Tang Le (including music and dance of Tianzhu and the Western Regions), including: Spring Warbler, Long Live Music, Taiping Music, Imperial Broken Music, Peach Blossom Music, Playing Music, Picking Sang Lao and Playing Music. On the right is Korean music and dance, including Lin Yi, Baekje, Silla and Bohai music. Korean music includes Butterfly, Yan Xile, Green and Bai Bin. Bohai music includes Lingche and Xin. These music and dances were gradually nationalized in Japan in the middle of the Heian Dynasty. In Nara era (70 1 ~ 704), the court set up Yale Liao and Yale House, and there were also geisha musicians and geisha students. The left half is stone (civilian); The right department is in charge of the Dojo (courtier). Carry out hereditary system. In the Muromachi era (1467~ 1588), this tradition was interrupted by the Ren Ying Rebellion (1467~ 1468). During the edo period (1603~ 1868), yarraa was recovered. In the fourth year of Meiji (187 1), the tripartite music hall of Yayue was dissolved, and the musicians were absorbed by the music department of the imperial palace (now the imperial palace hall), and Yayue continued. Elegant music is still playing in the hall of the palace.

Since ancient times, Yayue dance has always been inherited from the father, so it is called the secret biography. The scope has expanded. Its dance rhythm is slow and its movements are different from ordinary Japanese dance. It retains the posture of "sword finger" and "squatting on a horse", and its footwork is unique. Most of gagaku's music has three paragraphs: preface, interruption and urgency. The percussion instruments used are drums, drums and drums left; There are drums, drums, drums on the right. Wind instruments include cymbals, sheng, horizontal flute, Han flute, divine flute and so on. The stringed instruments are: music Zheng, music pipa and harmonica.

Ji Le

It is a kind of music and dance introduced to Japan from Wudi, China (Jiangsu Province) and the Western Regions (Xinjiang Region). According to the records of newly written surnames during the Japanese Qin Ming period (539~57 1), "A Buddha statue came from the State of Wu; In "Pushing the Ancient Emperor" (6 12), the geisha music that Wei, a Baekje man, learned from Wu Yue in China was passed down in the Japanese court. According to the lessons recorded in the Kamakura period (1 192~ 1333), there are nine kinds of geisha, such as teachers, martial arts, Goruda, King Kong, Boluomen, Kunlun, Lux, Drum (Old Man's Face) and Drunk Tiger. There are three kinds of musical instruments: flute and three drums. There are geisha masks and geisha costumes in Zhengcang Courtyard, which were provided by Dongda Temple Buddha in the reign of Tian Ping Shengbao (752). At present, the Holy Spirit Association in Sitamachi, Osaka still retains the traditional geisha music. Lion dance is very popular among Japanese people and later developed into a folk dance with local characteristics. " "Shen Taile" is a kind of lion body music. The two danced with lion skin and lion head, and later joined in performances such as Quyi acrobatics. The "stone bridge" system in Nenglie is the lion dance, which has developed into the mirror lion, the opposite lion, the British persistent lion, the three-person stone bridge, the lion company and the pillow lion in Kabuki, all of which are beautiful lion dances. The mirror lion consists of two parts, the first part is the female dance, and the second part is the lion's delicate game of peony and butterfly. The dance also shows the playful movements such as sleeping and washing hair of the lion, and has become a popular Japanese dance reserved program.

Kabuki dance

It is adapted from the article "Buddhist chanting dance and folk group dance in a country with a cloud" (1603), which says that "there is kabuki dance in women's colleges, and the people with a cloud are like clouds, and women also dance against it." This is the earliest document record. Kabuki absorbs elements such as traditional dance and modern customs. Later, based on harmony, it combined the skill of "humanoid vibration" with the dance of humanoid glass "landscape". Therefore, it is generally believed that kabuki was a history of "dancing" and a history of "jumping" from kabuki. Its dance feature is the combination of three elements: dance, dance and vibration. "Dance" is a classical technique of "energy", elegant and implicit; "Yong" has the characteristics of folk dance and is lively; And "vibration" is a dramatic action. The organic combination of the three elements has become the characteristic of kabuki. Kabuki takes the form that singers don't dance, dancers don't sing and musicians sing. The accompaniment instrument is mainly Sanwei Line. Dance music consists of three parts: end, middle and end. Accompaniment music includes Longbai, Qingli, Changzu, Qingyuan and Yi Dafu Tune.

During the period from Lu Yuan to Enbao (1688~ 1736), famous kabuki teachers, such as Right Near Source Zuomen, Shui Mu Lixin, early Shikawa Kikujo and early Fujishiro Nakamura, were produced. There are immortal masterpieces such as Binhai Road, Qunying, Seven Flowers, Daocheng Temple, Shiqiao and Heron Mother. Later, kabuki developed into a performance form with Dan as the main role, but there were also very famous male dances, such as the dance drama "Gate of the Pass" created by Nakamura in his early days.

The new dance Changer appeared in Kuanzheng period (1789~ 180 1) and Wen Jing period (1804~ 1830). A dancer plays several roles in the play, and most of them perform various dance sketches. Up to now, there are heron mother, mother, six songs fairy, Yue queen and so on. In particular, street dance, such as offering slaves, selling dumplings, millet cakes, Kanda Festival, etc., spread more widely. In the early Meiji period, there appeared four famous artists, namely, Tomoko Nakamura and Shiro Ichikawa. In recent years, Mitsugoro Bando VII and Kikugro VI have appeared. After being separated from kabuki by its assistant teacher Zhen (choreographer), kabuki gradually developed into a multi-genre dance. At present, there are more than 300 schools, mainly interested in Heshan Stream, Intermittent Stream, Xichuan Stream, Hualiliuliu Stream, Nakamura Stream, Bandong Stream and my wife's flu. The programs of all schools are similar, but there are significant differences in dance processing. The older Shiga Mountain Creek and Intermittent Creek have a slightly slower rhythm and larger movements, while the emerging Hualiuliu Creek and Ruoliuliu Creek have a slightly faster rhythm and delicate movements. Among these schools, there are famous assistant musicians (choreographers) Hua Le and Nishikawa Fanzang, as well as famous actors such as the first generation of Huamei, the first generation of Yin Jingzhi, the first generation of Nizaki Qing, Hua Fu, South China Sea, Hua Nai, Hua Liumao Xiang, Wu, Jane Xiuqi and my wife De Sui.

Fangshang dance

Kabuki was born in the theater during the Edo period. At the same time, the top dance (seat dance) rose in Osaka, Kyoto, also known as Jing Dance or deidara, which is a popular local song and dance. There are Tsuzuka Stream, Inoue Stream, Yoshimura Stream and later Maodu Stream. The dance moves above are refined and subtle, Jing Ya. In terms of skills, it absorbs the soft and humanoid transparent glass (Lewen) and kabuki's "vibration" movements. Famous top dancers include Inoue Eight Thousand Generation, Takehara Koko, Yoshimura Hiroshi and Maodu Lupingping.

New dance movement

The Japanese dance movement was initiated by some independents in kabuki and Japanese new dramas. Starting with the representative work "On New Musical Drama" by Pingnei Pu, the new song Pudao was published in 1904, which abolished the unreasonable and narrow interest in kabuki dance and created a new Japanese dance with artistic and poetic beauty. However, due to the high conception and large scale of the program created by Ping Xiaoyao, it is difficult to realize. In Taisho era, western dance was introduced to Japan, and a new dance movement really started. The "shadow meeting" of the first generation of shadow static branches ignited the fire of the new dance movement. Fan Zhisi, a dance adapted from China Kunqu Opera "Evil Sea Flower", has a great influence. Since then, Kamejir? Ichikawa, Fukusuke Nakamura V's Badminton Club, Liu Huashoufu's Liu Hua Dance Research Association and Liu Hua's Zhu Shi Club. Shu Hui by Liu Huashoumei and so on. New dance organizations have been established, and new types of dancers have emerged. At this time, the dance began to be influenced by Russian ballet, accompanied by western musical instruments, group dance came into being. Besides adapting and performing Fan's Thinking, he also created and performed new dances such as Insect, Woman and Shadow, Fantasy of Spring Letter, Ainu God and Taigu Melody.

Japanese Dance-Dance History

The history of Japanese dance can be traced back to the history of Japanese dance. As early as the Heian period (794~ 1 192), "elegant music" was circulated in the royal family. It is a unique form of music and song and dance produced by Japanese song and dance since ancient times, and a Buddhist art introduced from China and Korea. Now the palace is still performing at the time of the event.

In the 12 century, there was a kind of song and dance called "White Beat". Women dressed in men's clothes sang popular songs at that time and danced with flute and drum music.

By the14th century, the masked dance drama "Neng" telling a story was formed. In the 7th century, a woman named "Izumo no Okuni" set up an art group in Kyoto to dance kabuki, which was very popular with the general public. Thus, kabuki drama was born, and the dances performed in kabuki drama began to develop independently in the Edo period (1603~ 1868).

In modern times, influenced by ballet and opera imported from Europe and America, creative activities without kabuki dance framework flourished, and various new works "Japanese Dance" have appeared so far.

Japanese dance-dance repertoire

Japanese dance originated from kabuki, and there are many classical dances handed down from the Edo period. Representative works include story dances that show Japanese historical figures, such as Persuade into Account, Loyal Minister Zang, etc., as well as works that show love and feelings with dances (Ziniang Daocheng Temple is famous) and works with the theme of "being able to be brief" (Shoufan Zuo, a dance that prays for world peace, is very representative).

In addition to the traditional female dances "Cherry Blossom" and "Flower Ratio", there are male dances from Japanese history such as Takeda Shingen and Musashi Miyamoto. In 2004, a new work with the theme of comic book "Inuyasha" appeared.

Japanese dance-dance props

Japanese dance uses towels, fans, knives, umbrellas, crutches and other props.

Heian period (794~ 1 192) is a fan designed by Japan and a necessity of Japanese dance. In the process of dancing, the use of waving fans and turning fans is colorful. Its patterns also change with different performances.

In ordinary skill learning, basically all schools use fans painted with family emblems. In the river rattan flow, beginners use the family emblem fan with white bamboo fan bone, and the fan used will change with different grades. After obtaining the "named" status, they will use fans decorated with black fan ribs and gold family badges.

Towels, like fans, are also very important props, which can be used for many purposes, such as being a boat pole, or wiping eyes and expressing grief. Towels are generally made of kapok or crepe cloth, with a width of about 30cm and a length of about 1.5m, with different colors and styles. Some are dyed with patterns, such as dots (the pattern dyed on the cloth is bean-shaped dots) and mountain stripes (such as the pattern of overlapping mountains).

In addition, if you wear kimono, foot covers are also necessary. In addition to the fixed white foot covers, there are light onion (light green and light blue), rattan (light purple), egg yellow (light yellow) and so on. , are carefully matched performances and costumes.

Japanese dance-dance movements

Japanese dance has several fixed dance movements and props. By combining them, we can express various emotions such as sadness and joy, as well as the lively scenes and scenes on the stage during sacrificial activities.

1, "Ba" is a towel used as a boat pole. Grab both ends of the towel with both hands, straighten it and swing it back and forth. It looks like rowing.

2, "chasing points" is the way to put a towel on the left and right shoulders in front of the item. It shows the imposing manner of a man in kimono and casual clothes.

3. The "Liu Xia" movement used in the female dance shows the elegant and gorgeous feeling of traveling clouds and flying clouds. Spread out the towel with both hands, lift Xia Yun gracefully and send it to the rear.

4, used to express sadness, or the desire is not satisfied and the mood is grumpy, this is "pine leaf flow." Its action is to bite the towel with its mouth, hold the towel with its left hand and make a downward cut with its right hand.

Japanese dance-dance makeup

Japanese dance was basically formed in the Edo period, so the customs at that time have been preserved to this day. According to different roles, kimono, wig, sandals and clogs all look different. Performers should put on makeup before they formally perform on stage. "Japanese dance" generally draws faces, necks, backs, fingers and so on. White, draw on the body with a brush dipped in white water.

Put on makeup and clothes. Put on the kimono shirt first, and then ask someone to help you put on the kimono. Finally put on a wig.

Japanese dance teaching methods

When ordinary people learn Japanese dance, the teaching methods in different schools are different. Most of the teaching methods are to learn the fixed songs one by one, and to master the essential figure performances, footwork movements, the use of props and various movements in Japanese dance one by one.

In general, skill learning is one-on-one between master and apprentice. Among them, the most important one is greeting. At the beginning and end of your study, you must sit down and solemnly bow to each other. At this time, you must fold the towel vertically four times and horizontally twice, put it in front of yourself, and then put a very important fan on it. For people who learn dance, fans are sacred things. It is said that it draws a line between the daily space and the holy land, which has the meaning of Buddhism. This is also the origin of the phrase "Japanese dance must begin with ceremony and end with ceremony".

Action repetition

Imitate the teacher's dance movements. At first, the master stood up and danced, and then the students imitated her movements. When dancing, it will be subdivided into several scenes and repeated many times, such as the part where a young man with a long stick appears on the left side of the stage and the part where a person dances with a long stick.

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Students confirm and correct their behavior in front of the mirror. After remembering a series of actions, the master will have a lot of criticism. The teacher's criticism even includes the use of long sticks and towels, the direction of the head and feet and other subtle parts. Students practice the same movement repeatedly every time.

Complete exercise

Students dance with the master first, then practice in the second half and try to dance alone. First, after wearing a young man's costume, he danced with a long stick, and then he danced with funny masks for men and women, so that people gradually felt the excitement of the ceremony. There is basically no rest during the practice time of about 40 minutes each time, and the dance is relatively concentrated. The last salute is over.