General Knowledge of Chinese Painting

Teaching Chinese Painting Tools and Materials Brushes Brushes can be categorized into long, medium and short strokes by the length of their strokes, with different properties.

The long strokes are easy to draw graceful lines, short strokes are easy to drop the paper heavy and thick, medium strokes, short strokes are both, painting landscapes with medium strokes is appropriate. According to the size of the brush, the brush is divided into small, medium, large and other models.

Painting landscapes of various models should be prepared a little, generally "small landscape" small wolf hair, "large landscape" large wolf hair to prepare a pen, sheep hair pen "small white clouds", "Big White Cloud" each with a, and then have a larger sheep hair "bucket pen" on it. The new pen more sharp, only suitable for painting fine lines, chapped, rubbed, point Mew with the old pen better.

Some painters like to paint with a bald brush, the painting of the point, line, don't have a strong and simple beauty. There are four criteria for making and selecting brushes, namely, the four virtues of "sharpness, Qi, roundness, and robustness", "sharpness is the smoothness and sharpness of the brush when the bristles are brought together, and the sharpness of the brush does not lose its sharpness," "Qi is the flatness of the bristles, and Qi is easy to change," "roundness is the roundness of the bristles, and roundness is the writing of the roundness of the bristles, which is not divergent," and "robustness is the flexibility of the bristles and the robustness is the robustness and durability of the bristles.

Chinese brushes are different from Western oil brushes. Chinese brushes are conical in shape, while oil brushes are flat brushes, similar to the Chinese brush. The nature of the brush is determined by the production technology and the type of brush used than the hair, for painting with the brush can be roughly divided into three categories: hard hair, soft hair and in-between the three major types of hair.

Hard-hair brushes are mainly made of wolf hair (made of weasel's tail tip hair), and made of ermine, mouse, horse, deer, and rabbit hair, hard-hair brushes are robust and suitable for drawing lines, common "orchid and bamboo", "small fine work", "small red hair", "leaf tendon pen", "clothing pen", "calligraphy and painting pen", etc., and the Japanese pen has a "mountain horse pen", "face pen", "outline pen", etc.. Soft brush is mainly made of wool, but also made of bird feathers, soft nature, strong water content, suitable for large surface rendering, common soft brush "crane neck", "white Kyu pen", "dyeing pen", "goose", "pure sheep's hair pen", and so on, the Japanese pen "color pen", "Kuma to take the pen" and so on.

The part-hair brushes are made of sheep hair and wolf hair (or rabbit hair), the nature of the rigid and soft, such as the "seven purple three sheep", "White Cloud Pen", "pure purple pointed hair", Japanese brushes are "Zimiao", "Magnolia", "Nagarengo" and so on. Good brushes have some **** the same characteristics: round, flush, sharp, healthy, use up to run freely. Brushes should be cleaned in time after use, to avoid ink dry knot damage to the pen hair.

Ink commonly used ink raw materials have oil smoke, pine smoke two kinds of ink made of oil smoke ink and pine smoke ink. Oil smoke ink made of tung oil smoke, ink color black and glossy, can show the ink thickness of the detailed changes, suitable for painting landscape painting; pine smoke ink black and no light, mostly used for plumes and characters of the hair, landscape painting should not be used.

Select the ink first look at its color, ink color purple light of the best, black, followed by green and second, gray ink can not be used; then listen to the sound, good ink buckle when the sound of the sound of the sound of the sound of the sound of the grinding is delicate, poor quality ink sound heavy stagnation, grinding has a rough ringing sound. Grinding ink with water, force evenly, turn clockwise slow grinding, until the ink is thick and thick.

Painting ink should be freshly ground, stored for a long time is called ink, ink, ink in the concentration of dregs, not good with a dirty dull. Now Beijing, Tianjin and other places of production of calligraphy and painting ink (such as one of the Court), easy to use, has been used by many painters and calligraphers, but the ink in the gum heavy, it is best to add a little water, and then use the ink spindle research and use.

The ink color is better. Paper Chinese painting in the Tang and Song dynasties, mostly with silk, to the Yuan Dynasty after a large number of paper for painting.

The paper used in Chinese painting is different from other kinds of painting, it is the green sandalwood tree as the main raw material for the production of Xuan paper, Xuan paper is produced in Jingxian County, Anhui Province, the ancient belongs to the Xuanzhou, so it is called Xuan paper. Xuan paper is divided into raw Xuan, cooked Xuan and half raw Xuan.

Cooked Xuan paper is processed with alum water system, ink and water is not easy to penetrate, water does not melt, but the effect is not the same as other paper; can be a whole detailed depiction, can be repeatedly rendered on the color, suitable for painting green and green heavy color brushwork landscapes. Raw Xuan paper is not processed through the alum water, characterized by strong water absorption and permeability, water that is melted open, easy to produce rich ink rhyme changes, can receive the water halo ink chapter, thick Zi Zi artistic effect, mostly used for writing landscape painting.

Cooked Xuan painting is easy to grasp, but also easy to produce smooth stagnant fault; raw Xuan painting, although more ink interest, but penetration quickly, not easy to grasp. Therefore, painting landscapes generally like to use half raw and half ripe rice paper.

Half-ripe rice paper slowly melt away in water, both ink rhyme changes, but not too much penetration, chafing, rubbing, dotting, dyeing are easy to grasp, can show a wealth of pen and ink interest. Can replace the Xuan paper for painting paper and the Northeast of the Goryeo paper, Sichuan's Jiejiang Xuan paper, Jiangxi's six Ji paper, etc., its performance is close to the half-life half-cooked Xuan paper.

Inkstone inkstone China's most famous inkstone is the Sheyan and Duanyan. Sheyan produced in Anhui Shexian, Duanyan produced in Guangdong Gao Yao County.

Good inkstone. General calligraphy and painting to choose from around the production of inkstones can be, choose the main choice of inkstone texture delicate, moist, easy to send ink, do not absorb water.

The ink stone should be cleaned in a timely manner after use, keep clean, avoid exposure to the sun, fire baking. Inkstone advantages and disadvantages, the ink color has a great impact, the most ideal is the Guangdong Zhaoqing produced Duanxi inkstone, or Anhui inkstone, are stone firm to fine and moist, fast ink, ink is also grinding fine, and can store ink for a long time is not easy to dry, but good quality inkstone is expensive, the province two water produced by the conch creek inkstone quality is also good, but it is not advisable to buy and sell resin plus stone powder irrigation out of the plastic products to choose an inkstone, although the stone quality fine and moist is good, but too smooth (such as the Taiwan Marble Inkstone). Taiwan marble inkstone), it is not easy to send ink.

The shape of the ink stone also has a variety of styles, to the sea of ink a type of the most convenient, more ink storage, after using the lid can be covered to avoid ink drying. After a period of time, the residual ink accumulates too much, should be soaked in water first, and then wash away the ink scale, keep the ink stone clean.

Pigment China's painting development to the Tang Dynasty, to heavy color for the mainstream, since the Song Dynasty ink painting prevalent since the literati standard under the trend of elegance, the use of color has a tendency to gradually decline; however, the practitioners of painting should be aware of the traditional painting pigments for the development of multi-faceted, or ink and water for a better combination. There are two main types of traditional pigments.

Mineral pigments are ground from the ore, heavy color, strong coverage, commonly used: (a) stone green: usually in powder form, the use of glue, stone green according to the fineness can be divided into a green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green, green. The first green is the coarsest and the greenest, and the second is the finest.

2. Knowledge of Chinese painting: what knowledge must have to learn Chinese painting

What knowledge must have to learn Chinese painting The term "Chinese painting" originated in the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty people believe that China is living in the middle of heaven and earth, so it is known as China, China's paintings are called "Chinese painting", or " Chinese painting" for short. The term "Chinese painting" originated in the Han Dynasty.

Here to see the knowledge of Chinese painting: what is the learning steps of Chinese painting. First, you must practice the basic skills of calligraphy and painting in more basic skills, but the most basic basic skills, is to draw cross lines, round lines and wavy lines.

Why draw crosses, circles and wavy lines? The basic brushwork of Chinese painting is the line, line modeling abandoned the light, dark and decent, focusing on the expression of the shape of the object and the structure of the relationship, and through these representations to express the essential characteristics of the object, which is usually referred to as the Chinese painting of the "line of bone". The "bone" in Chinese painting is the essential expression that supports the artistic image and makes it rich in essence, vitality and spirit.

Simply to line the skeleton of the skeleton, that is, the use of the line to emphasize the expressive power of the line, the use of the line length, thickness, twists and turns, staccato, light and heavy, fast and slow, strong and soft, strong and weak, thick and thin, light and hair, and other changes to the performance of the object's demeanor, shape, texture, momentum, rhythm, space and other modelling factors in all aspects. The line is integrated into the image, in order to complete the creation of a personalized modeling form.

This is the most basic and concrete embodiment of the line of bone. Click on the picture to see a larger version of the learning network knowledge of Chinese painting: what are the steps of learning Chinese painting? Second, "copying" is the way to go Chinese painting is one of China's traditional national treasures, after thousands of years of history, forming a set of unique forms of expression.

It has been through the ages countless painters to learn from the method of creation, and self aesthetic ideals and interests to be molded. This is unique to the Chinese nation, and thus has a distinctive strong national color.

Such as line drawings in the high ancient filigree description, nail head rat tail description, iron line drawing, etc., is initially in order to show different textures of clothing, flowers and birds, after a long period of painters, pondering, or from the performance of other objects to get inspired by the formation of some of the means of expression, is based on the objective object of the subjective creation. It is a subjective creation based on the objective object. It has its own aesthetic value, and does not exist independently because of the relationship between space and time.

It facilitates the application of these programs for the re-creation of art, due to the differences in personality, interest, cultivation, the application of the application will appear to be very different, not the same. Some people are not satisfied with the ready-made program, and to change and create, so there are a variety of new performance programs.

If it can withstand the test of history and recognized by the people, then the old program was replaced by a historical monument, and the new program will be accepted by the people in the future or change the creation. Therefore, the program is not static, traditional Chinese painting is so constantly alternating back and forth forward development.

As long as it is in line with the people's aesthetic point of view, aesthetic standards, in common parlance, that is, we think that the beautiful works, can be preserved in the great waves of history, this is the objective law of the Chinese painting thousands of years down the line. We talk about painting has a program of expression, that is, the expression of a painting material, should be painted this way and should not be painted that way, this is the predecessor to provide us with valuable experience in painting, but also the crystallization of the art, for us to learn to learn the painting of the convenience of borrowing.

There is a difference between artwork that is borrowed and artwork that is not borrowed, and there is a difference between elegance and vulgarity. Therefore, learning and mastering the expression program of traditional painting has become the "knocking brick" to enter the door of Chinese painting.

For a beginner who really likes Chinese painting, an effective shortcut is to "copy and start". Throughout history, all the masters of Chinese painting are from "copying into the hand", only to become a generation of masters.

Copying is the main way for beginners to get started, especially the copying of masterpieces. By copying, the artist can learn and master the characteristics and techniques of the art.

Copying the works of famous artists, we should first observe the works of expression and artistic techniques, patiently try to figure out the works of the brush, grasp the works of the expression of the form of things, and seriously study the works of the spirit of temperament. The first thing you need to do is to get a copy of the original painting, and then you can use it as a reference to the original painting, and then you can use it as a reference to the original painting, and then you can use it as a reference to the original painting.

In short, to choose a higher level of art, there is the value of copying ancient and modern works, to learn to master the traditional skills of ink and brush, to understand the ancient and modern people's intentions. However, we can't take a pragmatic attitude towards copying, generally from copying to mastery and application, there is a certain distance, there can't be a ready-made to use.

According to their own personal experience, copying a complete work, difficult in the coloring stage, at least one hundred drawings or more, in order to really basic initial mastery of copying skills. Click on the picture to see a larger version of the knowledge of Chinese painting: what are the learning steps of Chinese painting? Fourth, the line is the fundamental Chinese painting ink and brush is the characteristics of Chinese painting, where the essence, no ink and brush can not be called Chinese painting, ink and brush term in a broad sense, refers to the use of ink and brush to achieve the picture weather, color, chapter, mood, taste and other aspects of the language of painting.

In a narrow sense, the term "brush and ink" refers to the skill of using the brush and ink. "Painting is silent music"! That is to say, a good painting stroke by stroke is like a moving note, composed of a wonderful and moving quality rhyme music.

The quality is the pursuit of the objective object of the depiction of the "true", that is, to be able to both God and form; rhyme is to express the subjective spirit through the objective object, that is, to be able to convey the spirit of writing. Chinese painting requires the unity of subjectivity and objectivity, and "learning from the outside, getting the source of the heart" is the world of art that Chinese painting has been pursuing all its life.

The pen has "three taboos", the Song Dynasty Han Chunquan "landscape pure collection" in the proposed: "with the pen there are three diseases: one is said to board; two is said to carve; three is said to knot." The so-called "board", refers to the lack of wrist power, the pen is not flexible, drawn out of the pen line flat, no three-dimensional sense of roundness; the so-called "carve", is that the strokes are too revealing, and even delusional birth of Guijiao, not natural, no life; the so-called The so-called "knot" refers to the stagnation of the pen, want to line not line, when scattered not scattered, the line is not smooth.

The pen committed these three faults, can not talk about the beauty of the line. In addition, but also its taboos such as "withered, weak, smooth, hasty, etc. is also.

Fifth, the skills of Chinese painting Undeniably, there are skills to do anything. Chinese painting skills are two: the first is more paintings, can be called "familiar with the skill"! The second is the theory of skills.

That is, the theoretical skills of the textbook by heart, not necessarily paint; as long as every day to copy a few samples of paintings, that is, did not learn a theoretical skills will also be painted. Why do you say so? I'm not sure if I've ever seen this before, but I'm sure I've seen it before.

The painting world giants.

3. What is called Chinese painting

Chinese painting is a kind of painting art created by the Chinese nation, which has a history of more than 2,000 years, and has formed a unique national style and oriental art charm.

The tools, materials, techniques and aesthetics of Chinese painting are different from those of other kinds of painting. Chinese paintings use ink as the main pigment, supplemented by mineral pigments for colors, and are painted with various brushes on special Xuan paper or silk.

The basic techniques of Chinese painting can be divided into two categories: brushwork and oriography. In terms of subject matter, there are three major categories: figures, landscapes, flowers and birds.

The style of Chinese painting is not to seek the likeness of form, but to seek the likeness of God, "noble feelings but light on facts", and "the idea is in the brush first, the painting is in the idea". The basic techniques of Chinese painting are the use of brush, ink, water and color.

With the development of the times, various schools of painting have been constantly innovating. Chinese painting has also absorbed some new techniques and explored various ways of creation, giving this ancient painting a more colorful appearance.

In addition, Chinese painting has been closely integrated with Chinese calligraphy, poetry and seal carving, which have influenced each other, forming a unique art that combines poetry, calligraphy, painting and seal carving into a single entity, greatly enhancing the artistic value of Chinese painting. A Chinese painting is bound to have a poem, which includes poems, writings, sentences, thoughts, and inscriptions, etc., collectively known as inscriptions.

These inscriptions and postscripts are expressed in calligraphy, and the quality of the calligraphy directly affects the quality of the picture. Calligraphy is part of the composition of the Chinese painting, can play a role in regulating, set off the role of the picture.

The seal in Chinese painting plays a role in enriching the picture and lifting the spirit, and it can be called "a little red in the midst of ten thousand inks". In addition to echoing the content of the picture, the seal itself also has high artistic value.

4. What are the techniques of Chinese painting

Brush and ink is a term used in Chinese painting, and it is also used as a general term for the techniques of Chinese painting.

Technically, "brush" usually refers to brushwork such as hooking, strangling, chapping, rubbing, and pointing; and "ink" refers to inking methods such as baking, dyeing, breaking, splashing, and accumulating. Theoretically, it is emphasized that the brush is the dominant one, and the ink comes out with the brush, reflecting and reflecting each other, so as to perfectly depict the objects and express the mood, so as to achieve the artistic effect of both the form and the spirit.

Commonly used brush and ink techniques are white drawing, outlining, bone and rendering. White drawing is colorless.

Ink line sketching objects, without color modification, mostly painted characters, flowers. Outlining is colorful.

Drawing outlines and then coloring, mostly paintings of flowers and birds. Among them, the brush is a hook for the trend, and the reverse trend is a strangulation.

Bone without thread colored. No need to outline the ink line, directly depict the object in color, mostly painting landscapes.

Rendering with ink or color to strengthen the object's light and dark colors, make it obvious. For example, painting clouds to show the moon, painting the background to reveal and highlight the things to be expressed.

In addition, the Chinese painting techniques are broken ink, splash ink, ink accumulation, hook research, point moss, folding branches, eighteen strokes and so on.

5. What is the essence of Chinese painting

First of all, the base of Chinese painting should be calligraphy, not sketching, remember to remember.

Secondly, the flavor of Chinese painting originates from the classical scrolls of the air, rather than the modern fashion of the air, where the modernization of Chinese painting, are not purely Chinese painting, that is Xu Beihong for the beginning of a group of people, the introduction of the Western art of teaching methods after the emergence of the, and, at that time, caused by the purpose of correcting and assisting in the teaching of traditional Chinese painting, the so-called "secondary school for the body, Western learning for the body, the Western learning for the teaching," the "Chinese painting" is not a traditional painting. The idea of "Middle School for the Body, Western Learning for the Use" was introduced at that time. In addition, in the advanced school of sketching - the former Soviet Union - Russia, sketching is not so painted, went to a time, from the most basic things to restart the stove revolutionized once.

Definitely do not take perspective, contrast of light and dark to consider the national painting. Copying paintings must be persistent, do not practice this today and tomorrow to practice that, so it is useless, which famous artists, there are more than ordinary people, experience, carefully copying paintings, practice the selection of the object is also very important, first of all, do not start copying the style is too domineering, bizarre, to be from the peace and to start, and then, according to their own interests, to choose a specific style of practice.

Do not be superficial, no matter which one, to study some, until after the real understanding, or really no longer interested in the future, and then change the other. Brush and ink is the characteristics of Chinese painting, where the essence, no brush and ink can not be called Chinese painting, the word from the broader sense, refers to the use of brush and ink to achieve the picture weather, color, chapter, mood, taste and other aspects of the painting language.

In a narrow sense, the term "brush and ink" refers to the skill of using the brush and ink. 1, with the brush "ancient painting PinLu" in the six methods: bone method with the brush.

It refers to the use of the pen to have strength, have a backbone, the heart with the pen to turn, the intention of the pen first. Specifically, that is, lift, press, smooth, reverse positive, side, hide and reveal, fast, slow, and so on.

The pen should be aware of the pain, and pay attention to the changes of mentioning and pressing, smooth and reverse, fast and slow, turning, positive side, hiding and revealing. In landscape painting, there are center brush, side brush, hidden brush, exposed brush, reverse brush, smooth brush and so on.

The medium stroke, vertical, the tip of the brush is in the center of the ink line, the lines drawn with the medium stroke are quite strong and sharp, and are mostly used to outline the object's contour. Side stroke, the palm of the hand to the left inverted, the tip of the front side to the left, due to the use of the side of the pen hair, so the line is thick and hairy hot, mostly used for stone chapping.

The hidden front of the brush, the brush should be hidden but not exposed, the horizontal line "without going back and forth", the vertical line "without hanging not shrinking", the ancients called "a wave of three folds", the lines drawn calm and subtle, the power to penetrate the back of the paper, the lines are calm and subtle. The lines are subtle and penetrating, often used to draw the outlines of houses, boats and bridges, as well as the outlines of mountains and rocks, and the double hooks of tree trunks. Dew front is to make the sharpness of the point of the painting is exposed, appearing to be pretty strong, painting bamboo leaves, willow is dew front strokes.

Counter-front strokes, the pen tube tilted to the right, the tip of the brush against the trend of advancing, so that the brush spread out, the brush strokes produced fly white, this point, line has a strong and spicy interest, tree trunks, landscapes, sketches, chafing can be used. Shun Feng strokes and reverse strokes on the contrary, the use of drag pen running, so the painting of the thumbs light and smooth, lively, hook clouds, painting water commonly used in this way.

The Chinese painting method of running the brush ten exquisite, from ancient times to the present, has accumulated a wealth of experience, such as Mr. Huang Binhong put forward the "five strokes", "five strokes" that is, "flat, round, stay, heavy, change. " The so-called "flat", refers to the average force of the pen, the beginning and the end of the clear, pen to pen, neither soft, nor fussy and frivolous, to "such as cone painting sand".

The so-called "round", refers to the pen to round and strong, do not want to give birth to Guijiao, to "such as folding hairpin". The so-called "stay", refers to the pen to be implicit, to have a review, not hasty, not slow, not floating, not slippery, not wild, to be "as the house leak marks".

The so-called "heavy" that is, calm and weighty, such as "mountain rock", not like "wind-blown leaves", that is, the ancients said that "the pen can carry the tripod". This is the meaning of the old saying that "the pen can carry the weight of the tripod". The so-called "change" refers to changes in the use of the pen, or with the center or side of the front, according to the performance of different objects and changes, can not stick to one.

The second refers to the pen to echo each other, "the intention of the pen is not, the pen breaks the intention to continue." The form of the brush line is summarized in the drawing of the line to get thick, thin, curved, straight, rigid, soft, light, heavy changes and contrasts, so that the object depicted "God portraits".

Landscape painting line of the advocate: withered and can be moist, rigid and soft, quality and rhyme. Withered and moist superior brush should be "dry and cracked autumn wind, moist with spring rain" of the wonderful.

"Too wet is no pen, too dry is no ink", so, we must learn to use the wither, run this pair of contradictions, so that a pair of contradictions united. Which is how to draw this kind of pen line? Mr. Li Keran said very clearly: "the pen does not contain too much water, so that the pen is pale; brush astringent heavy and powerful, you can squeeze out the water, so that the pen guillotine wet."

Rigid and soft means that the form of the pen line to achieve the perfect realm of neither soft nor straight. The rigid and soft, and is a pair of contradictions in the use of the pen.

Will not use this contradiction, often either lose the "just", or lose the "soft". Famous painters Huang Binhong, Li Keran, Mr. Lu Yanshao to rigid and soft this pair of contradictions to deal with very well, is a model for us to learn.

Lu Yanshao's paintings, the outline of the mountains and rocks, trees, moss point pew, strong and robust, the potential to host the thunder and rain; while the clouds, the water line of the brush is light and graceful, graceful and elegant. The combination of rigidity and softness produces a strong form of beauty and charisma in the world.

The quality of rhyme refers to the unity of flesh and form. The quality is the physical substance of the objective object.

In painting, no matter how well the lines are drawn, if they are detached from the object to be expressed, they become a worthless game of ink and brush. Rhyme is the flavor, rhythm, and tempo of the line movement.

"Painting is silent music" means that a good painting of a stroke is like a moving note, composed of a wonderful moving music. The quality is the pursuit of the "truth" of the objective object depicted, i.e., the ability to be both God and form; rhyme refers to the expression of the subjective spirit through the objective object, i.e., the ability to convey the spirit of the writing.

Chinese painting requires the unity of subjectivity and objectivity, "outside the master of creation, in the source of the heart" is the world of Chinese painting lifelong pursuit of art. Pen "three taboos" Song Dynasty Han Chunquan "landscape pure collection" in the proposed: "with the pen there are three diseases: one is said to board; two is said to carve; three is said to knot."

The so-called "board", refers to the lack of wrist power, the pen is not flexible, drawn out of the pen line flat, there is no three-dimensional sense of roundness; the so-called "carve", is that the strokes are too exposed, and even delusion of birth of Guijiao, not natural, not angry; the so-called "knot", the so-called "knot", the so-called "the", the so-called "the", the so-called "the", the so-called "the". The so-called "knot" refers to the stagnation of the pen, want to line not line, when scattered not scattered, the line is not smooth. Pen with these three faults, can not talk about the beauty of the line.

Don't outside, but also its.