Understand the adjustment of Russian foreign policy

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia, as the successor of the Soviet Union, continued to be active in the international arena. At first, Russia carried out a "one-sided" pro-Western policy in an attempt to establish a "partner" relationship and an "ally" relationship with the United States and other western countries. Later, Russia's foreign policy changed greatly. It tries to implement an "all-round" foreign policy, that is, to establish partnership with western countries, develop friendly relations with eastern countries, safeguard national interests and revitalize Russia's status as a great power. During Yeltsin's period, Russia's foreign policy generally experienced three stages: "one-sided" pro-Western diplomacy and its adjustment stage (1992 ~1993); The "all-round" diplomatic stage of safeguarding national interests (1994 ~1995); The stage of rejuvenating the status of a big country and promoting the "multipolarization" of the world (1996~ 1999).

On the last day of the 20th century, Yeltsin suddenly announced his resignation as president and appointed Putin as acting president. Since then, Russia has entered the so-called Putin period. After Putin came to power, he took drastic actions with the aim of "strengthening the country and enriching the people", which made the social appearance of Russia change obviously.

On the economic front, adjust economic policies and revitalize the economy. In the structure of property rights, we should maintain the reasonable control of the state and oppose complete privatization. In the aspect of macro-operation mechanism, it emphasizes the regulatory role of the state in the economy and establishes an effective financial system. In addition, Putin also took resolute actions to crack down on bureaucratic capital groups and maintain normal economic order. The above measures have produced good results, and the Russian economy has shown signs of improvement.

Politically, Putin strengthened and consolidated his power position. Horizontally, strengthen the president's authority and expand the power space. Vertically, strengthen centralization and limit local separatism. These practices of Putin have brought rare stability to Russian politics. In the past two years, the relationship between the president, the parliament and the government has remained normal, and the society has tended to be harmonious.

In terms of diplomacy, Putin pursues all-round diplomacy that is compatible with Russia's status as a great power. Putin emphasizes taking national interests as the core, taking national spirit as the driving force, choosing the road suitable for his country's national conditions and reviving his status as a big country. Putin's diplomatic strategy more embodies the characteristics of realism, putting the maintenance of Russian national interests at the top of foreign policy, opposing the ideology of foreign policy, emphasizing military security and promoting economic development, and implementing a pragmatic foreign policy. He advocates "multipolarization of the world" and opposes a unipolar world; Advocating the establishment of a just and rational new international order, and stressing that the United Nations and the Security Council should play their roles in this process; Strengthen Russia's nuclear deterrent ability and emphasize that Russia "has enough power" to defend sovereign security and national interests; Actively integrate into the international community and promote their own interests through cooperation. It can be said that the core content of Putin's diplomatic thought is pragmatic diplomacy centered on economic interests and balanced diplomacy centered on geopolitical interests. Putin's foreign policy insists on safeguarding national interests strategically, and at the same time emphasizes the flexibility of means to realize national interests strategically, which opens up a brand-new situation for Russian diplomacy in the complex international situation.