How to contract construction projects?

Construction projects are divided into five items, such as construction projects and individual projects, each of which has an indispensable position in construction projects. These construction projects are often carried out by contractors, so what is the contracting method of construction projects? The following is a detailed introduction of Zhong Da Consulting for your reference.

1. What's the contracting method for construction projects?

(1) Contractor qualification management. Units contracting construction projects shall hold qualification certificates obtained according to law and undertake projects within the business scope permitted by their qualification grades. Construction enterprises are prohibited from exceeding the business scope permitted by qualification registration or contracting projects in the name of other construction enterprises in any form. Construction enterprises are prohibited from allowing other units or individuals to use their qualification certificates and business licenses to undertake projects in their own names in any way.

(2) Joint contracting. Large-scale construction projects or construction projects with complex structures can be jointly contracted by two or more contractors. * * * Both parties to the contract shall be jointly and severally liable for the performance of the contract. Where two or more units with different qualification levels jointly contract the project, the project shall be contracted according to the business license scope of the unit with low qualification level.

(3) Engineering subcontracting. The general contractor of construction projects may contract some contracted projects to subcontractors with corresponding qualifications; However, except the subcontracting agreed in the general contract, it must be approved by the construction unit. Subcontractors are prohibited from subcontracting contracted projects. It is forbidden for the contractor to subcontract all the construction projects he contracted to others, or to subcontract all the construction projects he contracted to others in the name of subcontracting after dismembering them.

Two, the construction project bidding can be divided into several categories.

According to the classification of engineering construction procedures

According to the engineering construction procedure, bidding for construction projects can be divided into pre-negotiation bidding for construction projects, bidding for engineering survey and design, bidding for materials and equipment procurement and bidding for construction.

(1) Pre-consultation bidding for construction projects refers to the bidding for the feasibility study task of construction projects. Bidders are generally engineering consulting enterprises. The winning contractor shall provide the feasibility study report of the proposed project to the Employer according to the requirements of the tender documents, and be responsible for the accuracy of its conclusions. The feasibility study report provided by the contractor shall be approved by the Employer. The way of recognition is usually assessment and appraisal by expert groups.

Some project investors lack experience in construction management, so they choose project consultants and construction managers through bidding, that is, when they lack experience in project implementation management, they choose engineering consulting units with professional management experience through bidding, formulate scientific and reasonable investment development and construction plans for them, and organize the implementation of control plans. Bidders of this bidding type, which integrates project consultation and management, are generally engineering consulting units.

(2) Bidding for survey and design

Bidding for survey and design refers to the bidding for selecting survey and design units according to the approved feasibility study report. Survey and design are two different tasks, which can be completed by survey unit and design unit respectively. The investigation unit finally puts forward the investigation report on the geographical position, topography, landform, geology and hydrology of the construction site. The design unit finally provides the design drawings and cost budget results. Design bidding can be further divided into architectural design bidding and construction drawing design bidding. When the construction drawing design is not undertaken by the professional design unit, but by the construction unit, it is generally not subject to separate bidding.

(3) Bidding for materials and equipment procurement refers to the bidding for building materials and equipment (such as elevators, power supply and distribution systems, air conditioning systems, etc.). ) required for the construction project after the preliminary design of the project is completed. Bidders are usually suppliers of materials and complete sets of equipment.

(4) Project construction bidding: After the preliminary design or construction drawing design of the project is completed, the construction unit will be selected for bidding through bidding. The construction unit will finally deliver the building products specified in the bidding design documents to the owner.

At present, in the bidding practice at home and abroad, all stages in the project construction procedure are often combined to carry out the whole process bidding, which is usually also called general contracting. Classification by project contracting scope

According to the scope of project contracting, project bidding can be divided into general contracting bidding, phased bidding, design and construction bidding, subcontracting bidding and special project contracting bidding.

(1) The whole-process general contracting bidding of the project, that is, selecting the general contractor for the whole-process bidding of the project, can be divided into two types, one refers to the whole-process bidding of the project implementation stage; Secondly, it refers to the bidding of the whole process of project construction. The former is a one-time tender from project survey and design to construction delivery after the completion of the design task book; The latter is a one-time tender from project feasibility study to production. The owner only needs to provide the investment and use requirements of the project and the completion and commissioning period. Feasibility study, survey and design, procurement of materials and equipment, installation and debugging of civil construction equipment, production preparation and debugging are all contracted by a general contractor, which is the so-called "turnkey project". The contractor undertaking the "turnkey project" is called the general contractor. In most cases, the general contractor will subcontract the implementation tasks of some stages of the project.

Whether it is the whole process of project implementation or a certain stage or procedure, according to the composition of construction projects, construction project bidding can be divided into all project bidding, single project bidding, unit project bidding, division project bidding and sub-project bidding. Bidding for all projects refers to bidding for all projects of a construction project (such as a school). Single project bidding refers to the bidding for single projects (such as a teaching building, library, canteen, etc.). ) included in the construction project. Unit project (bidding refers to bidding for several unit projects (civil engineering of laboratory building) contained in a single project. Division project bidding refers to the bidding of division projects (such as earthwork, deep foundation pit engineering, ground engineering and decoration engineering) included in the unit project.

It should be emphasized that, in order to prevent the project from contracting out after being dismembered, bidding for sub-projects is generally not allowed in China, and bidding for special professional projects is allowed, such as deep foundation construction and large-scale earthwork construction. However, the so-called general contracting bidding in domestic project bidding often refers to the general bidding for all single projects or unit projects in the construction process of a project, which is still far from the general contracting referred to in international practice. In order to connect with the international market, improve the competitiveness of China construction enterprises in the international construction market, deepen the reform of construction management system, and build a group of leading enterprises with real general contracting ability, which is an important strategic goal for the development of China construction industry.

(2) Project subcontracting bidding refers to that the general contractor who wins the bid, as the tenderee of the engineering tasks within its bidding scope, subcontracts the engineering tasks within its bidding scope to subcontractors with corresponding qualifications through bidding, and the winning subcontractor is only responsible to the general contractor.

(3) Bidding for special projects refers to separate bidding for single projects with complex construction and production or strong professionalism and special requirements.

Classification by industry or professional category

According to the business nature and professional categories related to engineering construction, engineering bidding can be divided into civil engineering bidding, survey and design bidding, material and equipment procurement bidding, installation engineering bidding, architectural decoration bidding, production technology transfer bidding, consulting services (engineering consulting) and construction of supervision bidding.

(1) Civil engineering bidding refers to the bidding of timber engineering construction tasks in building engineering.

(2) Bidding for survey and design refers to the bidding for survey and design tasks of construction projects.

(3) Bidding for the procurement of goods refers to the bidding for the procurement of building materials and equipment required for construction projects.

(4) Bidding for installation project refers to the bidding for the installation task of construction engineering equipment.

(5) Bidding for architectural decoration refers to the bidding for architectural decoration construction tasks of construction projects.

(6) Bidding for production technology transfer refers to bidding for production technology transfer of construction projects. Engineering consultation and construction bidding in supervision bidding refers to the bidding of engineering consultation and construction supervision tasks.

Four, according to the project contracting classification

With the deepening of the operation mode of the construction market and the process of integration with the international community, China's contracting modes are gradually diversified, mainly including engineering consulting contracting, general contracting, design and construction contracting, design management contracting, BOT engineering mode and CM mode.

According to the contract mode, project bidding can be divided into project consulting bidding, turnkey project bidding, design and construction bidding, design management bidding and BOT project bidding.

(1) engineering consulting bidding: refers to the bidding for engineering consulting services. The contents of engineering consulting services mainly include planning research, project selection and decision-making in the decision-making stage of project establishment; Engineering design and project bidding in the construction preparation stage; Construction stage supervision, completion acceptance, etc.

(2) Turnkey project bidding: "Turnkey" mode means that the contractor provides the owner with a full set of services including financing, design, construction, equipment procurement, installation and commissioning until completion and handover. Turnkey project bidding means that the developer takes all the above work as the target bidding, and the contractor usually subcontracts some stages of the project, that is, the whole process bidding.

(3) Engineering design and construction bidding

Bidding for design and construction refers to awarding design and construction as a whole by bidding, and the bidder must be a contractor with both design and construction capabilities. Due to the long-term separation of design and construction management system in China, there are few construction enterprises with dual capabilities of design and construction.

Design-build mode is a project team management mode: the owner and design-build contractor cooperate closely to complete project planning, design, cost control and schedule arrangement. , even responsible for project financing; Using a contractor to take charge of the whole project avoids the contradiction between design and construction, and can significantly reduce the cost and duration of the project. At the same time, when selecting contractors, taking the quality of design scheme as the main evaluation factor can ensure the owners to obtain high-quality projects.

(4) Bidding for engineering design management

Design management mode refers to the project management mode in which the same entity provides design and construction management services to the owner. In this mode, the owner only signs a contract including design and project management services. In this case, the design agency and the management agency are the same entity. This entity is often a consortium of design institutions and construction management enterprises. Design management bidding is a project bidding aimed at design management.

(5)BOT project bidding.

BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) is to build an operation-transfer model. This means that the host government opens its own infrastructure construction and operation market, absorbs foreign capital, and grants the project company the franchise III. The project company is responsible for financing and organizing construction, and is responsible for operating and repaying loans after completion. When the concession expires, hand over the project to the host government. Bidding for BOT projects is the bidding for these projects.

According to whether the project has foreign investment factors.

According to whether there are foreign-related factors in the project, construction project bidding can be divided into domestic project bidding and international project bidding.

(1) Domestic project bidding refers to the construction project bidding without foreign factors in China.

(2) International project bidding refers to the bidding of construction projects involving different countries or international organizations. International project bidding includes domestic international project bidding and foreign international project bidding. The basic principles of domestic project bidding and international project bidding are the same, but there are differences in specific practices. With the development of social economy and the deepening of international integration, the difference between domestic project bidding and international project bidding is getting smaller and smaller.

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