What was the course of development of the militia system developed by the Chinese Communist Party?

On May 16, 1950, the Central Committee and the Central Military Commission of the CPC issued the "Instruction on Strengthening Militia Construction," proposing the implementation of a "universal militia system" throughout the country, changing the principle of voluntary participation in the militia, which had been practiced during the wartime period in the past, into a system of universal participation in the militia in accordance with the prescribed conditions. system. It was stipulated that all young men of school age, as long as they were in good health, had the right and duty to join the militia, regardless of their ethnicity, race, social origin or level of education.

In 1958, in response to U.S. military provocations and threats of war, Mao Zedong issued a call for the establishment of militia divisions, and militia organizations were universally set up throughout the country, from the countryside to the cities.

In June 1962, Mao Zedong instructed that "militia work should be organizationally, politically and militarily effective", which promoted the healthy development of militia work. "

During the Cultural Revolution, the militia's leadership and management systems were seriously disrupted and destroyed, but thanks to the correct leadership of the old generation of proletarian revolutionaries, militia construction still made progress.

In October 1976, the Central Military Commission promptly reorganized and restored the traditional leadership and management system of the militia. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), with the shift in the focus of the country's work, the reform of the urban and rural economic system, and the change in the guiding ideology of national defense construction, the militia's organization and construction, military training, and political education were adjusted and reformed accordingly, and weaponry and equipment were constantly improved.

On May 31, 1984, a new Military Service Law of the People's Republic of China was issued, further establishing the system of combining the militia with the reserves.

On December 24, 1990, the State Council and the Central Military Commission issued the newly revised Regulations on the Work of the Militia, which made clear provisions on the tasks of the militia, its guiding principles, organization and construction, political work, military training, weaponry and equipment, and all aspects of combat readiness and duty, and thus promoted the all-around development of the militia's work. This has far-reaching significance in enhancing the concept of national defense among the people, further strengthening the construction of the national defense reserve force, and safeguarding the tranquility of the country and the stability of society.

The contemporary Chinese militia, after more than 40 years of construction, has made great achievements. Under the leadership of the State Council and the Central Military Commission, militia leadership bodies at all levels have been established and improved, and a relatively complete system of militia organization and leadership has been formed from top to bottom.

The militia work throughout the country is under the supervision of the General Staff Department; military districts are responsible for militia work in their own regions, in accordance with the tasks assigned to them by their superiors; provincial military districts, military subdivisions, and county People's Armed Forces Departments are militia leadership and commanding organs in their own regions; and there are People's Armed Forces Departments in townships, townships, streets, and enterprises and institutions that are responsible for militia work.

Local people's governments at all levels, the militia work also implement leadership, organization and supervision of militia work tasks. Militia work tasks are:

1, the establishment and consolidation of militia organizations, improve the quality of militia military and political, equipped with and management of militia weapons and equipment, reserves required in wartime reserve soldiers.

2. Mobilizing the militia to participate in socialist modernization, organizing the militia to undertake war preparations and duties, and maintaining public order.

3. The militia is organized to participate in the army and the war, to support the front line, to resist aggression and to defend the motherland. The militia is divided into a basic militia and an ordinary militia; soldiers under the age of 28 who have left active service and citizens who have undergone basic training are organized into the basic militia; the rest of the male citizens between the ages of 18 and 35 who have not been organized into the basic militia are organized into the ordinary militia; and female citizens are organized into the basic militia according to their needs. The militia is organized in accordance with the principles of ease of leadership, ease of movement and ease of carrying out tasks. In rural areas, it is generally organized into companies or battalions based on administrative villages; in urban areas, it is organized into platoons, companies, battalions and regiments based on enterprises, institutions and streets. The basic militia is organized separately, and according to the number of people, they are formed into squads, platoons, companies, battalions or regiments, and according to the needs of war preparation and the existing weapons and equipment, the militia is formed into professional and technical detachments. In key human defense cities, transportation hubs, important targets, etc., the formation of militia anti-aircraft battalions and regiments.

Militia training, in accordance with the General Staff Department issued the "militia military training syllabus", organized and implemented by the county People's Armed Forces. The basic militia who have not served on active duty, during the age of 18-20 years, participate in 30-40 days of military training. The training time for professional and technical soldiers is appropriately extended in accordance with actual needs. Counties have established militia military training bases, where militia members are centrally trained in a standardized manner. The weapons and equipment of the militia are uniformly planned by the General Staff Department. The militia nationwide is equipped with rifles, submachine guns, light and heavy machine guns, anti-aircraft machine guns, anti-aircraft guns, ground artillery and anti-tank weapons. The political education of the militia is mainly carried out in conjunction with organizational reorganization, military training, conscription and major holiday activities.

In peacetime, the militia's ideological and political work is done in accordance with the actual thinking of the militia, so as to raise their conscientiousness in practicing and training, and to mobilize the militia to take the lead in the construction of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization. In wartime, mobilize the militia to participate in the military, support the front line, and organize the militia to carry out activities such as killing the enemy and disintegrating the enemy forces, to ensure the completion of the combat and war work tasks. In contemporary China, the militia has spread over a wide area of urban and rural areas, and has specialized technical detachments such as anti-aircraft guns, ground guns, communications, chemical defense, engineering, reconnaissance, and naval and air force units, which are capable of carrying out combat missions at any time.

In the socialist revolution and modernization, the militia, inheriting and carrying forward the glorious traditions of the revolutionary war era, has been both a combat team in the struggle against the enemy and a commando unit on the production front, and has not only played an important role in the liberation of the coastal islands, the suppression of bandits, the maintenance of public order, the suppression of counter-revolutionary riots, the resistance against the United States and North Korea, and the successive wars of self-defense and counter-attack, but also has established, together with the PLA, the Civilian-Military Joint Defense, cooperating with and supporting the People's Liberation Army in accomplishing the sacred task of defending the motherland on the sea and land borders.

According to the incomplete statistics of 11 provinces, including Sichuan, Guangxi and Hunan, in the struggle against bandits from 1950 to 1953, the militia participated in more than 1,850,000 battles, fought more than 107,000 times, wiped out more than 304,000 bandits, and seized more than 323,000 pieces of all kinds of weapons, especially in the reconnaissance of banditry and the hunting down of bandit chiefs, in which the militia became the main force.

From 1950-1979, the country **** annihilated 104 units of small armed agents, 827 people, most of which were annihilated by the militia alone or with the army. Combating criminal activities is a regular task of the militia. 1953-1961, the militia throughout the country to assist the public security organs, solved a variety of criminal cases amounted to 1.39 million, captured more than 990,000 criminals. In the 1983 campaign to crack down on criminal offenses, the nation***s militia mobilized 2.38 million times.

In the development of production, disaster relief, reforestation, and the construction of socialist material and spiritual civilization, the militia also often play a leading role. For example, after the earthquake in Tangshan in July 1976, the city of Tangshan and the nearby counties and districts put into the earthquake relief militia of 1.52 million people, formed a rescue team 1.3 million, and the Chinese People's Liberation Army together, rescued the masses of more than 37.7 million people, transfer and escort the wounded 17.6 million people. 1983 summer, the Yangtze River occurred in the flood, the provinces along the river had mobilized millions of militiamen to participate in the fight against floods, which only the Hubei Province, 191.9 million people, and the Hubei Province. In Hubei Province alone, there were 1,919,000 militiamen participating in the rescue and relief work, accounting for 64% of the total number of people fighting against floods in the province, with 15.29 million militiamen organized into 4,864 commando units, reinforcing dikes of 540 kilometers and eliminating more than 10,000 small and medium-sized dangers.

In the summer of 1991, some parts of the country occurred in the history of rare floods, according to 15 provinces and municipalities to participate in the flood relief militia 11 million people, rescue more than 2 million people, rescue materials more than 1,930,000 tons, tens of thousands of kilometers of reinforced dykes, of which only in the two provinces of Anhui, Jiangsu Province, organized more than 3 million militia, rescue and transfer of flood-plagued people more than 1.3 million people, transfer of materials more than 1.3 million tons of people, and the transfer of materials more than 1.3 million tons of people.

In May 1987, a huge forest fire broke out in Daxinganling, Heilongjiang Province, mobilizing 1. 90,000 militia members to form 74 fire-fighting teams to put out the fire, which was praised by the fire-fighting headquarters.

The militia also responded positively to the government's call to take the lead in reforestation, with remarkable achievements. By 1984, the militia in Gansu Province alone had reforested 10.34 million mu, accounting for 63% of the province's reforestation area. The history of China's reserve forces

China attaches great importance to the construction of the army's reserve forces. During the Revolutionary War, there were red guards, self-defense forces and militia organizations. In addition to cooperating with the army in combat, protecting the masses, defending production, and defending local power, these mass armies also assumed the task of replenishing the army's strength, making a significant contribution to the victory in the revolutionary war.

After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the Military Service Law of the People's Republic of China promulgated in 1955 clearly stipulated the establishment of a reserve system, and the registration of soldiers for reserve service was generally implemented throughout the country, and the registration of reserve officers was piloted in some areas. the Military Service Law, which was reissued in 1984, put forward the implementation of the system of combining the militia and the reserve, which led to the new development of the reserve service. development.

According to the provisions of the Military Service Law, citizens are required by law to serve in active duty; soldiers and officers who have left active duty, as well as other eligible citizens, are required to serve in the reserves within a specified age; both active duty and reserve service are military obligations that citizens must fulfill; the militia is the basic form of organization of the reserves; and the reserves are divided into the enlisted reserve and the officers' reserve. Members of the soldier's reserve include all militia members and male citizens who have been registered in the reserve and are eligible for the soldier's reserve.

Of these, the basic militia and veteran soldiers under 28 years of age who have been registered for reserve service, and local professional and technical personnel are the first category of the soldiers' reserve; the ordinary militia and veteran soldiers aged 29-35 years who have been registered for reserve service, as well as other male citizens, are the second category of the soldiers' reserve. Those who have completed their service in the first category of the soldiers' reserve shall be transferred to the second category of the soldiers' reserve as needed. Members of the officer reserve include officers who have left active service and been transferred to the reserve, discharged soldiers who have been determined to serve in the officer reserve, graduates of institutions of higher education, full-time people's armed forces cadres, militia cadres, and cadres and professional and technical personnel in non-military sectors. Various types of reserve officers, in accordance with the provisions of the reserve service has reached the maximum age, that is, out of the reserve.

In order to meet the needs of the army's rapid mobilization under modern conditions, the state set up a reserve force, divided into military and service reserve forces, formed by reservists and a small number of active-duty military personnel, equipped with a certain number of weapons and equipment, and in peacetime planned military and political training, wartime can be quickly formed into an active force to carry out combat tasks. Reservists have played a great role in successive self-defense counterattacks, maintenance of public order, rescue and disaster relief and other struggles, and are an important force in the construction of socialist material and spiritual civilization.