What are the four strange stones in China?

[Cartography] Four Great Stones in China

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lingbi stone

Yan Fang, a poet in the Song Dynasty, sincerely admired that "a stone on the spiritual wall is wonderful in the world, and its sound is like bronze and jade". Lingbi stone, also known as bluestone, is produced in Pingchou at the northern foot of Qingshishan in Lingbi County, Anhui Province. Lingbi stone was developed very early. As early as Gong Yu in Shangshu, there was a record that Xuzhou went to work "floating on the shore". Lingbi stone has attracted worldwide attention and has a history of three or four thousand years. Lingbi stone is not only developed early, but also enjoys a long-standing reputation, and has always occupied a prominent position in the stone supply family. There are 1 16 kinds of stone products in Yunlin stone spectrum, and lingbi stone ranks first. Wen Zhenheng, an Amin writer, wrote in Long History: "Stone takes the spiritual wall as the top, followed by the heroic stone". From ancient times to the present, famous stone collectors have hidden treasures in the spirit wall, among which Su Shi's Little Penglai, Fan Chengda's Little Emei and Zhao Mengfu's Five Old Peaks are famous.

Taihu stone

Taihu Stone is one of the four famous playing stones in ancient China. It is named after it is produced in Taihu Lake. It refers to limestone produced in Xishan, Yixing, Dongting and Suzhou around Taihu Lake, among which Yunshan and Yuqi are the most famous. In ancient China, Taihu Stone was developed and utilized. Bai Juyi once wrote Records of Taihu Stone, which is also recorded in the Yunlin Stone Catalogue. The "Huashiban" which happened at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty refers to the Taihu Stone which caused the peasant uprising. The famous Taihu stones left over from history are Yundingfeng in Suzhou Liuyuan and Yulinglong in Shanghai Yuyuan Garden. Taihu stone belongs to limestone, mostly gray, rarely white or black. Limestone has been impacted by waves for a long time and dissolved by water containing carbon dioxide. In the long years, Taihu stone with exquisite carving and tortuous nature has gradually formed. Taihu stone is a typical traditional stone sacrifice, which wins by shape. "Thin, wrinkled, leaky and transparent" is its main aesthetic feature, which is exquisite and suitable for garden stones. At present, there is also a kind of generalized Taihu stone, that is, various and exquisite carbonate rocks formed by karst with various properties are collectively called generalized Taihu stone.

Kunshi

"Solitary roots stand on the piano, small flowers grow long clouds and moisten the pen bed", which is the praise of the poet Zhang Yu of Yuan Dynasty to Kunshi in his poem Dekunshan Stone. Kunshi, named after it was produced in Kunshan, Jiangsu. Mainly from Yufeng Mountain (formerly known as Maanshan) outside the city. Together with Lingbi Stone, Taihu Stone and Quartz Stone, they are called "Four Famous Stones in China" and "Three Famous Stones in Jiangsu", occupying an important position among the strange stones.

About hundreds of millions of years ago, due to the compression of crustal movement, the hot solution rich in silicon dioxide in the magma deep underground in Kunshan intruded into rock cracks and cooled to form a time pulse. The timely crystal cluster generated in the cave of the timely vein is Kunshi. Because of the diversity of its crystal cluster and pulse structure, it is found that there are more than ten varieties such as "chicken bone" and "walnut", which are distributed in Dongshan, Xishan and Qianshan of Yufeng Mountain. Chicken bone stone is composed of stone pieces as thin as chicken bone, giving people a tough and strong feeling. It is the most precious stone in Kunshi. Walnut surface wrinkles all over, block abrupt, glittering and translucent and lovely. In addition, there are varieties such as "Snowflake", "Jellyfish", "Litchi" and "Lotus Leaf", which are mostly named after images. On the whole, Kunshi is characterized by white crystal, with holes all over it and exquisite appearance.

Yingshi (limestone from Yingde County) is in Guangdong Province.

"The strange peaks suddenly rise and fall, and the forest is elegant", which is the admiration of Jiang Huan, a man of Amin Dynasty, after winning the Three Peaks Stone. Shi Ying is also one of the four famous stones, named after it is produced in Yingde Mountain, Yingde County, Guangdong Province. It developed earlier, and Zhao Xihu in the Northern Song Dynasty recorded it in Dongtian Luqing and Yunshilin Spectrum. Lu You also wrote in the Notes of the Old Learning Temple: "Yingzhou Shishan, from the city to Zhongshan, involved in Jinxi, to Lingquan, is a place to leave stones, and several families specialize in taking stones for a living. The best thing is that it is moist and green, and the knocking sound is like gold, but the craftsman is quite secretive. The things obtained from formal lawsuits are withered in color and sound like rotten wood. "

The limestone in Shi Ying and Lingbi sedimentary rocks is mainly calcite, but its hardness is not as good as Lingbi's. There are two kinds of Shi Ying: water stone and dry stone. The water stone was sawn from the wall of Xiuyan cave and hung upside down in the stream, while the dry stone was chiseled from the stone mountain. Generally, they are small and medium-sized pieces, but many of them are in a state of overlapping peaks and strange wrinkles. The ancients said that "there is no slope in the stone". There are several colors in Shi Ying, such as light blue, gray-black, light green, dark and white, and black is the most expensive. Due to the development of karst landform, abundant rainfall and easy erosion and weathering of rocks, the wrinkles on the stone surface are deep and dense, including bagasse, nests, large wrinkles and small wrinkles. The stone is quite wrinkled, thin, leaking, transparent, multi-peaked, with hollow stone eyes, exquisite and colorful. The stone is hard and brittle, so it is better to buckle it with the sound of * * * *. 1 Very authoritative. Have a look: /dispbs.asp? boardID = 23 & ampID=253 1