What is hardware

Traditional hardware, also known as "small hardware". Refers to iron, steel, aluminum and other metals through the forging, calendering, cutting, and other physical processing and manufacturing of various metal devices. For example, hardware tools, hardware parts, daily-use hardware, architectural hardware and security products. Most of the small hardware products are not final consumer goods.

Hardware Properties

Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Properties refers to the characteristics of the metal material under the action of external forces.

1. Strength: the ability of the material to resist deformation and fracture under the action of external forces (load). Material unit area subject to load called stress.

2. Yield point (бs): yield strength, refers to the material in the process of stretching, the material is subjected to stress to reach a certain critical value, the load is no longer increasing deformation but continue to increase or produce 0.2% L. When the stress value, the unit of Newton / millimeter 2 (N / mm2) said.

3. Tensile strength (бb), also known as the limit of strength refers to the material before pulling the maximum stress value. The unit is expressed in newton/mm2 (N/mm2).

4. Elongation (δ): the total elongation of the material after tensile fracture and the percentage of the original scale length.

5. section shrinkage (Ψ) material in the tensile fracture, the section of the maximum reduction in the area and the percentage of the original fracture area.

6. Hardness: refers to the material resistance to other harder objects pressure on its surface, commonly used hardness according to its range of determination of distribution of hardness (HBS, HBW) and Rockwell hardness (HKA, HKB, HRC).

7. Impact toughness (Ak): the ability of the material to resist the impact load, the unit is joule/cm2 (J/cm2).

Stresses and stages of tension

1. elasticity: εe = σe/E, the indicator σe, E

2. rigidity: △ L = P-l/E-F strength of the ability to resist elastic deformation

3. Strength: σs - yield strength, σb - tensile strength

4. toughness: impact absorbed work Ak

5. Fatigue strength: alternating load σ-1<σs

6. Hardness HR, HV, HB

1. Ⅰ stage Linear elasticity stage At the beginning of the tension, the stress-strain curve is a straight line, the highest limit of the stress at this stage is called the proportionality limit of the material, σe.

2. Ⅱ stage Yield stage When the stress increases to a certain value, the stress-strain curve is straight line, the highest stress limit at this stage is called the proportional limit of the material, σe. When the stress increases to a certain value, the stress-strain curve appears horizontal line (with small fluctuations), in this stage, the stress is almost unchanged, but the deformation is a sharp increase in the material to lose the ability to resist deformation, this phenomenon is known as yielding, the corresponding stress is called the yield stress or yield limit, and expressed in σs.

3. Stage III is the strengthening stage, after yielding, the material has enhanced the ability to resist deformation. Strengthening stage of the highest point of the corresponding stress, called the strength limit of the material. Expressed as σb, the strength limit is the maximum stress that the material can withstand.

4. Ⅳ stage for necking stage. When the stress increases to the maximum value of σb, a localized significant contraction of the specimen, and finally in the neck fracture.

On mild steel σs and σb for the main indicators of its strength. Rigidity: △ L = P - l / E - F, the ability to resist elastic deformation. p - tensile force, l - the original length of the material, E - modulus of elasticity, F - cross-sectional area.

Process properties

Those properties that refer to the ability of a material to withstand a variety of processes and treatments.

Casting performance: refers to the metal or alloy is suitable for casting some process properties, mainly including flow properties, full casting mold ability; shrinkage, casting solidification volume contraction ability; segregation refers to the chemical composition of the unevenness.

Welding performance: refers to the metal material by heating or heating and pressurized welding method, two or more metal materials welded together, the interface can meet the use of the purpose of the characteristics.

Top gas section performance: refers to the performance of the metal material can bear to grant top forging without rupture.

Cold bending performance: refers to the metal material at room temperature can withstand bending without rupture performance. The degree of bending is generally used to bend the angle α (outer angle) or bending center diameter d to the material thickness a ratio, a the larger or d/a the smaller, the better the cold bending of the material.

Stamping properties: the ability of metal materials to withstand stamping deformation process without rupture. Stamping at room temperature is called cold stamping. Test method with the cupping test for inspection.

Forging performance: metal materials in the forging process can withstand plastic deformation without rupture.

Chemical properties

refers to the metal material and the surrounding medium sweeping resistance to chemical or electrochemical reactions.

Corrosion resistance: refers to the ability of metal materials to resist the erosion of various media.

Oxidation resistance: refers to the metal material at high temperature, resistance to produce oxidized skin ability.

China Hardware Capital--Yongkang China Hardware Capital (China Hardware Township) Yongkang City, Zhejiang Province is located in the middle of Zhejiang Province, "the Yellow Emperor casting tripods, the Spring and Autumn forging swords, the Han-made jingling machine, the Tang system of copper cannons," is known both at home and abroad, China Hardware products distribution center. Distribution center, known as "hardware craftsmen go in all directions, Fu County County is not away from the Kang" said.

Yongkang hardware has a long history, dating back to the era of the Yellow Emperor 5000 years ago. The Yellow Emperor used to live and work on the Shicheng Mountain in the south of Yongkang City, refining pills and casting the Yellow Emperor's tripod. Since then, smelting has been sown on the land of Yongkang and has been continued. Since the Song Dynasty, there have been many coppersmiths, blacksmiths and tinsmiths in Yongkang who have traveled all over the world. At the beginning of the founding of the country, there were 20,000 Yongkang craftsmen making a living outside, covering the north and south of the Yangtze River, inside and outside the Great Wall.

Daily Hardware Capital-Danzao Town, Nanhai District

Hardware is the pillar industry of Danzao Town, Foshan City, and one of the traditional pillar industries in Nanhai District, with the output value accounting for more than 80% of the town's total industrial output value. At present, the town *** there are more than 3,000 large and small hardware enterprises. According to the market survey, the town of Danzao hardware products in the domestic market share of about 20%, in Guangdong Province market share of about 40%, nearly 50% directly or indirectly exported to Europe and the United States, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and other places. Danzao hardware to "lamps and lanterns", "kitchen and bathroom hardware", "luggage accessories", "hardware handicrafts", "Hardware Jewelry", "Locks", "Clothing Accessories", "Hardware Electrical Appliances", "automobile and motorcycle accessories", "stationery hardware" as the main products; after decades of continuous development and growth, Danzao Town has become the largest small hardware production base in South China, the country's famous hardware towns, "China Daily-use Hardware Capital". China Daily-use Hardware Capital".

Western Hardware Capital-Dazu

Dazu Hardware is centered in Longshui Town, Dazu County, spreading throughout the county a large hardware production group, so far, there have been more than 1,200 years of history, the products are sold domestically throughout the country, exported to Southeast Asia, Australia, the United States, Europe and other regions and countries. Thus, in the hardware industry has circulated the "North has Wang Ma-zi (scissors), South has Zhang Xiaoquan (knife), Southwest has Longshui small hardware" jingle.

In the early 1990s, the chief architect of the reform and opening up Deng Xiaoping designated the purchase of lightweight sharp Longshui "Deng's" kitchen knives, Dazu Hardware is famous.

At present, Dazu Hardware has formed ten categories, more than 200 varieties, more than 2,000 colors of product system such as "daily-use hardware, cooking utensils, agricultural machinery accessories, tools, construction hardware, agricultural and forestry implements, livestock and poultry parts, sanitary instruments, comprehensive miscellaneous parts, ethnic musical instruments", and more than 90,000 employees, The annual output value is 4 billion yuan.

Southern Hardware Capital - Chang'an

Dongguan Chang'an Trade City is located in Chang'an Township of Dongguan City, which has the reputation of "Star of China's Townships". It is located in the commercial center at the intersection of Guangzhou-Shenzhen Highway and 107 National Highway. Is the main mold, and hardware, mechanical and electrical as one of the large-scale mold hardware professional market, has now become the town, including Changan, Dongguan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and the surrounding provinces and cities, many hardware dealers and manufacturers buyers stable mold hardware commodity supply base.