Pipa introduction in 150 words for elementary school students

Pipa was once written as "bishou" or "quanzhou" in ancient times, but later it was written as "pipa" from the word "qin". The original meaning of the word "pipa" was, according to Liu Xi's Its original meaning, according to Liu Xi "interpretation of the name", "batch put" refers to the two playing techniques, "push the hand before the said batch, the lead hand is said to put", so that the name. Eastern Jin Dynasty Western musicians by the Silk Road from the Guzi and other places have gathered in the Central Plains to offer art, but also brought by the import of Persian instruments from India - Qu Xiang Pipa. This instrument has been quite popular in the North and South Dynasties. However, at this time, the Qu Xiang pipa has only 4 strings and 4 phases, no taste, and is held horizontally, played with a plectrum. In the Tang Dynasty, after absorbing some of the characteristics of the straight pipa of the Han Dynasty, the pipa was greatly innovated, retaining the pear-shaped curved neck of the curved lute's shape and articulation characteristics, changing the plectrum to be played with the hand, and setting up 10 pianos on top of the 4 strings and 4 phases of the pitch, and changing the playing posture from playing horizontally to vertically, so as to make the pipa's shape basically stereotypical. Until the Qing Dynasty, the pipa hovered between 4 phases and 10 to 13 pins. In the 1930s, Liu Tianhua made the first bold reform of the pipa, creating the 16-phase, 13-pin pipa, which could be played according to both the traditional meter and the 12 equal temperament. Then the Da Tong Music Association developed 74 pipas of 6 phases and 18 grades. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the pace of pipa innovation was even faster, with the development of the 6-phase 18-pin, 24-pin, 25-pin, and 28-pin pipas, which were arranged in accordance with the 12 equal-tempered rhythm and could be transposed to a few keys, thus significantly expanding the range of tones and the volume of sound; and the strings were also changed from silk strings to steel strings or nylon strings, which made the sound thicker and brighter, and greatly improved the expressive power of the pipa.

Because of the pipa's small size, it is also a holding bomb, so the two hands work more closely together, and the fingering is more flexible; coupled with the pronunciation of the clear, rounded and short, clean, it is especially suitable for playing music with high musical density, and the performance of the rich and dense musical colors. Compared with other plucked instruments, the pipa is the best at expressing a flamboyant style. The zither, serpent, and zheng are all horizontal plucked instruments with a large volume, which determines that their sound density is inevitably low, and they are suitable for playing leisurely tunes. The sanxian, ruan and pipa are embracing instruments and are smaller in size, so on the whole, their sound density is much higher than that of the zither, serpent and zheng, and they are also much more flexible in playing. However, the three-stringed zither pole is too long, transporting the finger to change the handle is not too flexible, so it greatly affects the rate of its sound; coupled with the zither pole is smooth and tasteless, often appear large-scale sliding tone, so still retains some of the Shangzhou and Zhou calm and reserved, from the pipa effect is still far away. Ruan, although the shortening of the pole, and added taste, playing rate greatly increased, but due to the *** sound box is larger, but also round, holding is not very tight, the playing rate is still affected. Only the pipa can be plucked instruments net overlapping acoustic characteristics to play to the fullest.

The pipa's sound is very rapid, up to 160 beats per minute or more, coupled with the use of different fingerings to produce different effects, making it more colorful, dense, rich, and beautifully decorated style. For example, the main melody of the pipa's ancient piece Yangchunbaixue is not complicated from the score, and the notes are not dense, but after the pipa's performance, it gives people a sense of density and richness, and aptly expresses the prosperity of the land that is full of vitality as the winter turns to spring. Here, the pipa's colorful decorative effect is caused by its clear and bright tone and flexible playing skills. If we compare the pipa to a human being, it should be a young woman. This young woman is not a lady of the house, but a little girl of the family; she is not reserved and refined, but lively and enthusiastic, and talkative; her dress is not the plainness of a lady of the house, but more bright and colorful, and she is very elegant. The reason why the pipa flourished in the Tang Dynasty and became the main musical instrument of that period is due to its special sound. The prosperity of the city in the Tang Dynasty and the pursuit of enjoyment, beauty and decoration of the psychological, decided that only good at showing the rich and colorful pipa is the only ideal carrier.