What are the characteristics of modern architecture compared with traditional architecture? Take the Bauhaus school building as an example.

Modernist design developed from architectural design. Around the 1920s, a group of advanced European designers and architects formed a powerful group to promote the so-called new building movement. The content of this movement is very complicated, including both spiritual and ideological reforms and technological progress, especially the use of new materials, thus breaking the position and principle of serving the rich and powerful for thousands of years and completely attaching thousands of years of architecture to it. Then from the beginning of the architectural revolution, it has influenced urban planning and design, environmental design, furniture design, industrial product design, graphic design, communication design and so on. Formed a truly complete modernist design movement.

In essence, the basis of modernist design is functionalism, which advocates that form obeys function. D. Ramses, a German modernist design master, expounded the basic principles of modernist design: "Simplicity is better than complexity, and plainness is better than brilliance; Single color is better than colorful; Durability is better than following the fashion, and reasonable structure is better than blindly following the trend. "This style has led the mainstream of world design. So that it was called internationalist style after the war. The establishment of 19 19 Bauhaus laid the foundation of modernist design. It advocates taking rationalism as the starting point, taking human's understanding and transformation of nature as the premise, and emphasizes a law that determines and affects human's subjective humanity with objective physical laws. Many modernists, from Baehrens and Gropes in Germany to Smith, Wright in the United States and Corbusier in France, are based on the principle of attaching importance to function, concise modeling, opposing redundant decoration and pursuing "less is more".

The spirit of contemporary modernism is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, it pays attention to form and style. Second, the concrete turns to the abstract. Third, performance is more important than reproduction. Fourth, creation is higher than aesthetics. From ancient times to the present, the tradition of western artistic creation is to seek truth and pay attention to the true description and record description of objective external things. However, with the beginning of the capitalist industrial era, people found that material things are not so important. With the development of economy, people have become alienated, psychopathic and distorted. God is dead, people have no spiritual support, lonely and helpless, mercenary. So writers began to find the meaning of life in their works and pour out their hearts. This turn of modernist literature is also related to Freud's concern for human consciousness.

Formally, modernism adopts a series of innovative brushwork that has never been used in western classical literature, such as Ulysses is structured according to the ancient Greek gods system, The Sound and the Fury adopts an uninterrupted stream of consciousness in language, Orlando boldly changes the protagonist's gender in the plot, and so on. These works have injected fresh vitality into western literature.

Arts and Crafts Movement and Art Nouveau Movement are both transitional periods from classicism (old and new) to modernism. Post modernism.

Formally speaking, postmodernism is a trend of thought that originated from modernism but rebelled against it, and there is a relationship between it and modernism that is both inheritance and rebellion. From the content point of view, postmodernism is a reflection and answer to the negative effects of industrial civilization, a criticism and deconstruction of the deprivation of human subjectivity, the rigidity of emotional richness, the integrity, centrality and identity of mechanical unity in the process of modernization, and also a criticism and deconstruction of essentialism, foundationalism, "metaphysical presence" and "Logocentrism" of western traditional philosophy. Postmodernism is essentially a revision and rebellion against western traditional philosophy and western modern society, and it is an "overcorrection" that inevitably goes to the other extreme-skepticism and nihilism.