The Influence of Network Characters on Traditional Literature

Culture is the rhythm of human life, and network culture is an important part of culture. Network life has become an integral part of modern people's life, especially that of young people. The virtual community formed by creation, communication and communication on the Internet can almost compete with the real community, which shows that its influence on people's real life is very obvious. Network literature is a new way of literary existence formed under the joint action of special network technology and post-modern consumer culture, which has become a literary reality that China literature and even the whole cultural and ideological circle must face at present. As a branch of network culture, it has also become an effective way for us to understand and understand the transformation of social and cultural structure in China.

Therefore, discussing the present situation of online literature, the cultural ecological significance embodied in online literature creation and the cultural ecological consciousness of online literature criticism will be beneficial to the construction of a good online cultural ecology. Based on the background of deepening the reform of cultural system and promoting the great development and prosperity of socialist culture in China, this paper makes a cultural ecological judgment on online literature, and tries to evaluate and analyze the possible positive and negative effects of the development of online literature in the past ten years. This is actually a kind of online cultural education.

First, the coexistence of online literature and traditional literature is the cultural ecology of literature.

Diversified embodiment can realize diversified physiology. The appeal of the famous ecologist David Allen Field can easily be used as a metaphor for the ecological environment of literature and culture: to maintain all the diversity of nature. Because we don't know what aspects of diversity depend on for our long-term survival. The unwise practice that online literature and traditional literature denigrate and repel each other has changed. There is a polyphonic dialogue between network literature and traditional literature. On the premise of recognizing each other's value, we can not only find differences and conflicts, but also seek reconciliation and integration, and move towards integration through mutual development. This is an ideal state. This state of existence has produced rich regenerative significance in the literary ecosystem, and to some extent, it shows a new opportunity for complementary literary creation. 〔 1〕

In the post-modern era of consumer culture, the elitism of traditional literature has disappeared and the status of cultural center has changed. When people lament the death of literature, network literature has saved the decline of literature development in a certain sense and made literature glow with new vitality. However, after ten years of development, two seemingly unrelated parallel lines began to cross, showing a comprehensive integration of online writing and traditional writing. Especially since 2009, with the joint efforts of the government, publishing circles, universities, literature websites and non-governmental organizations, with strong policy support and frequent dialogues and exchanges in creation, the greatest common denominator has emerged between the two kinds of writing. An environment for the creation, dissemination and consumption of online literature that conforms to the needs of the times and is promoted in many ways has initially formed industry norms. Network literature and traditional literature not only complement each other in their creative ideas, but also with the increase of the online number of traditional writers' works, the production and consumption mechanism with network characteristics will be applicable to a wider range, which will promote the integration of the two. (2) It can realize multiple physiological thoughts of dominant, elegant, popular and folk cultural forms.

Second, the creation of online literature shows the dual significance of online literature and needs to be developed in reflection.

Regardless of occupation, class and age, online literary creation groups have shown unprecedented universality. It shows the possibility of the existence of "mass society" and deconstructs the traditional literature and culture of China. In essence, it is a sign of the transformation of the current social and cultural structure in China, which indicates the possibility of the gradual formation of a free, democratic and equal open society conducive to the growth of "individuals". This is gratifying and worthy of recognition. Its creative subject is generalized, its creative state is relatively free, its creative themes and styles are diversified, its forms of expression may be hypertext and multimedia, and its language paradigm is networked ... These are all trying to surpass traditional literature. Network literature has given people a lot of confidence in the return of literature to originality, to the public and to the people. Some people say that the spiritual connotation of online literature belongs to the network rather than literature, and its greatest significance to literature is to let literature return to the people, which is not unreasonable.

The virtuality and anonymity of the network make the online literature creation better show the individual and self, and the orthodoxy and authority can be ignored or ignored. It's just that the personality of the current online literary creation group is not stable and beyond, but fragmented, temporary and perishable, and people's perceptual desires are more publicized, and people's rationality and spirit have not been well consciously displayed or even shrunk. In the early days, the fresh wind of online literature creation blew into the literary world, and both writers and readers effectively released their inner pressure in free writing and free appreciation. It is this that has been fully affirmed by literary researchers, who believe that the core spiritual essence of online literature lies in freedom. This freedom is embodied in the freedom that everyone can participate in, the freedom of literary expression and the freedom of content. This is just as the famous writer Shang Ailan said in the early days: "Those statements that require online literature to shoulder social responsibility and have a conscience are really good wishful thinking. You can't ask them to care about the fate of the rickshaw pullers like Lao She, or care about the people's future like Lu Xun ... We have no sense of cultural advantages and disadvantages, but we have enough difficulties in survival, enough enthusiasm and wit, enough confusion and anger, enough strong nerves, enough keen to bite this era, and two handy broadswords of' universal love' and' teasing'. " [3] It is true that the writer holds the two weapons of "pan-love" and "ridicule" and does not have to bear anything, but the excessive use of these two weapons will be fatal.

Subsequently, on the one hand, network writers want to keep their early free writing status, on the other hand, they want to pursue high click-through rate of market-oriented operation, so they are driven by dual power (pressure) to dream on the one hand and please on the other. This is manifested in two situations: in a better state, some writers who are dissatisfied with reality and can't take enough courage to change, instead of aesthetic motivation, use gamification creative motivation to fight against mediocrity and depravity, so that readers can also be influenced by it, enjoy the fun of the game, experience joy in interaction, escape the heaviness of reality, and refuse to admit the rational spirit and value depth of literary creation. A relatively bad (anxious) state is that pornographic, black violence, gray depression and other color literary works are full, and low-level tastes such as pornography and violence are used to cater to readers' entertainment needs. Coupled with the help of literary websites, online literature circulates in a strange circle of low quality.

Network literature has been strongly affirmed by its non-utilitarian characteristics of self-entertainment, technical advantages of breaking through the rigid literary system, instant communication advantages beyond time and space restrictions, and vivid network language. Under the collusion of post-modern consumer culture, capital and technology, and under the collective unconsciousness of netizens, the maverick cultural rebellion is constantly restrained by various interests and seems to be in danger of being reduced to fame and fortune. More and more people regard online literature as a key force affecting the future of literature, but what they value is not its literariness, but its huge commercial potential and full-time coverage of communication advantages. Driven by commercial interests, online literature has become a cash cow.

A writer's reflection inspires us to think: "Without faith, we have unprecedented confusion and anxiety, and life has no real attraction, so we have no sense of belonging, and our brains have lost the ability to concentrate and become fickle, tired and bored." All this is manifested in the pursuit of rude stimulation in the new novel, as if wearing an exaggerated desire mask, constantly swinging in carnival and loneliness, but people are expressionless. " 〔4〕

The existence of network literature has dual significance. It not only provides a way for people who are depressed in life to vent and entertain, but also makes readers look weaker and more lonely through entertaining life and literature. As Zizek realized, "Cyberspace is not only a way to escape trauma, but also a way to form trauma" [5]. This game psychology is one of the fundamental reasons why online literature has been criticized, but it is also one of the important psychological motivations for the vigorous development of online literature. Therefore, the development of network literature has fallen into a paradox.

The contemporary, utilitarian and entertaining features of post-modern consumer culture are prominent in online literature works, and its popularity, democracy and openness are prominent. On the one hand, we are happy for its return to nature and the public, on the other hand, we are worried about its lightness and weightlessness. As Edgar Moran realized, the crux of modern cultural tragedy is the tragedy of thinking. 〔6〕

In the secular cultural atmosphere and life aesthetic environment, how to jump out of the increasingly serious situation of "desire trap" and "lack of reflection" and realize the real aesthetic liberation of mankind is a difficult problem we are facing. Here, I borrow a sentence from American scholar Galbraith in the book "Rich Society": "Enough is enough, not the most, the biggest and the best." Without rational restraint, desire will become a runaway wild horse. Sufficiency is a rational indicator of quality of life. For ourselves, for the future of the world and for future generations, in order to achieve the goal of sustainable survival and development, human beings must criticize, give up and correct all irrational hedonism, and make a major change from value orientation to living habits. Compared with the online literature meeting, people are overwhelmed by the vast amount of information at present, so they have no time to take care of the past and cannot return to history. Therefore, literature needs to have the mission of digging deep, rather than freely joining the consumer industry and becoming a rootless plaything.

Mature popular culture should not only pay attention to the perceptual experience of daily life, but also not give up the pursuit of meaning in the dimension of value rationality; It not only focuses on the joyful liberation of aesthetic pleasure, but also does not give up the spiritual promotion of the divine dimension, so as to balance the deep lack brought about by the superficiality, visualization and sensuality of life. By this standard, online literature is undoubtedly an immature and unsatisfactory cultural ecology. Only in time, with the deepening of people's understanding of online literature and the need of coordinated development of multicultural forms, will a new cultural pattern with more reasonable aesthetic ecology emerge.

Third, online literary criticism has established a multi-level cultural ecological consciousness, but its positive social impact needs to be expanded.

Lu Shuyuan introduced the concept of "niche" in ecological literature and art. He believed that literature and art occupied a certain "order" in the earth's ecosystem. "This order is the place where literature and art settle down" [7] is to seek a cultural habitat for writers and readers and find a suitable living position for literature and art in the world. If we lose our position, literature can't exist, and there is no need to exist.

Therefore, literary criticism must first find an ideal position for literature. The transcendence of aesthetic culture is fundamentally the expression of the essence of human freedom and consciousness in cultural aesthetics, and the aesthetic feature is that it transcends the limited utilitarian realm and enters an infinite and clear world of meaning. Through aesthetic, non-practical self-discovery, self-affirmation and self-creation, people finally reach the highest state of freedom.

Now some scholars have summed up the problems existing in literary creation, mainly the problems of outlook on life and world view. It is manifested in money worship and lack of social responsibility. Therefore, balancing, guiding and creating a healthy cultural and ecological environment is an important topic in China's cultural construction at present.

The popular cultural characteristics of online literature often bring people physical and mental exhaustion after physical liberation and excessive entertainment, and mental illusion after sexy focus. The satisfaction of physical desire replaces the pursuit of cultural significance, and even leads to the serious consequences of the disappearance of the boundary between right and wrong. American economist Fernand Dumont once pointed out that economy is not an end in itself, but culture is. It is terrible to lose the cultural right of balancing aesthetic spirit and humanistic ideal, and it is dangerous for culture to fall into economic unilateralism and commercial pragmatism. Behind this horror is dehumanization and materialization, and inside this danger is the loss of self and the nothingness of meaning. 〔9〕

If culture is made economical and art is commercialized, culture will spend money blindly and literature will only attract attention. The result of literature degenerating into only satisfying the sensory and physiological needs of the audience will be endless troubles.

Therefore, in addition to finding an ideal position for literature and facing the reality of creation-dissemination-consumption of specific online literature, online literary criticism should be well guided and publicized, understand the rationality of material desires and the diversity of individual choices, and advocate the ideal value of literature for social existence; In the post-modern consumption context, literature should not only be regarded as secular consumption, but also have a deeper ethical pursuit and the need to transcend reality and show possible existence, so as to help people observe the world and know themselves in different ways and form a pattern of aesthetic pluralism.

At present, the massive explosion of information and the rapid expansion of vision have brought unexpected aesthetic discomfort, value confusion and even beyond the bottom line, which has increased the difficulty of cultural and ecological judgment. At present, aesthetic justice is obviously lacking in the ethical dimension, which deviates from the humanistic value in the anthropological dimension and intensifies the moral panic and ethical anomie in the transitional society. Aesthetic justice and cultural ethics have become practical problems to be solved urgently. 〔 10〕

Neil Pozmann, a critic of media culture, once solemnly warned the world: "If a nation is distracted by trivial matters, if cultural life is redefined as a cycle of entertainment, if serious public dialogue becomes childish baby language, in a word, if people degenerate into passive audiences and all public affairs are juggled, then this nation will find itself in danger and the fate of cultural extinction is doomed. 〔 1 1〕

This is not an alarmist. Practical improvement measures should mobilize the strength of the whole society, put cultural ecological protection at the height of national future and cultural security, strengthen literary criticism and public supervision, and prevent literary criticism from becoming aphasia (the decline of literature has a lot to do with the aphasia of literary criticism since the 1990s). At the same time, strengthen government guidance, in the process of opening up the cultural market and promoting cultural industrialization, don't be too radical, keep a considerable number of literary and artistic main forces (cultural undertakings), don't pursue profits as the ultimate goal, avoid tragedies and realize cultural diversity.

Nowadays, online literary criticism presents the characteristics of multi-level, interaction and flexibility. People's vision has broken through the early fragmented technical field, post-modernism and literature itself, showing a trend of overall correlation, and establishing a multi-level cultural ecological consciousness in literary research, but the voice of criticism is not loud enough, the gesture is not generous enough, and the positive social impact is far from enough. Compared with professional criticism such as scholars' criticism and media criticism, there is no clear boundary between creation and reading because of the instant interaction of online literature, and grassroots readers' criticism is more common. Most of them are emotional, comfortable and casual, using vivid words and phrases, not seeking completeness and system, let alone theoretical application, but they are free and calm in the online literature circle of self-entertainment. This kind of openness and cooperation of instant interaction between writers and readers is actually equivalent to a "national fitness" movement, which mobilized a large number of people to participate, and they have no strong desire for professional criticism. For the sake of commercial interests, most literary websites also ignore the positive role of professional comments in social influence, which, to a certain extent, leads to the situation that the quality of online literary comments is not high and the influence is not great.

Here, the author does not deny the reader's criticism, but from the current situation, it is time for a large number of professional criticisms to intervene in online literature. Self-entertainment and self-destruction are by no means the expected results of online literature. The research levels of reader criticism, media criticism and scholar criticism have their own characteristics, and the latter two are few in number, but their functions are not small. Media critics have media tools and are familiar with communication skills, which is conducive to the cultivation and guidance of healthy network culture concepts and the introduction and promotion of online literature writers' works; Scholars' criticism is more professional, more rational and richer in literary theory, which is helpful for people to increase their new academic and rational cognition of online literature. In a sense, when the whole society is impetuous, scientific and rational thinking is especially needed, which may provide inspiration and transcendence for our perceptual and intuitive thinking. The combination of the three criticisms will help people to discover the complex relationship between online literature and social culture, and help the leading cultural texts, elegant cultural texts, popular cultural texts and folk cultural texts in online literature to find their proper positions, consciously position themselves, and finally eliminate the fittest, so as to realize the pyramid-shaped online literature pattern and make contributions to the literary family in the future canonization process.