Small Paper: Development Status and Trend of China's Warehouse Industry

Logistics is the artery of the national economy and the link between production and consumption, and between cities and villages. Since the reform and opening up, China's logistics industry has developed rapidly, but there is still a big gap compared with developed countries in the world.

Importance of logistics

Logistics is the artery of the national economy and the link between production and consumption, and between cities and villages. Logistics has become the basic industry of national economic development, the basic condition of social development and the improvement of people's living standards, and also one of the important symbols to measure the degree of modernization of a country. Logistics is also a systematic project. The whole process from product production and circulation to consumption is a continuous operation process, which consists of packaging, loading and unloading, transportation, warehousing, distribution and processing, information and other links. All links are organically linked and inseparable. In the whole logistics system that completes each link, the failure of any link will directly affect the completion of the whole logistics activities and the full play of the whole logistics function.

The ultimate goal of logistics activities is to shorten the circulation time of goods, reach the destination quickly, ensure the quality of goods is intact, save the circulation cost, improve the work efficiency, reduce the circulation cost of goods, and realize the reasonable unity of social benefits and enterprise benefits. To sum up, in logistics activities, we should do everything possible to make logistics less mileage, less links, less inventory, less time, less expenses and better service. Timely, accurate, economical and safe to provide customers with satisfactory quality services, warehousing industry is an important part of logistics, and the rapid development of logistics system needs perfect warehousing operation level as a guarantee, but the development of warehousing industry in China can not meet the needs at present.

Second, the status quo of China's warehousing industry

(1) Under the long-term planned economy system, the warehousing industry has formed a management system based on departmental management.

For their own interests and convenience, various departments and localities set up their own warehouses, and what "industrial warehouses", "agricultural warehouses", "railway warehouses", "transportation warehouses", "commercial warehouses", "material warehouses", "foreign trade warehouses" and "military warehouses" have been formed for a long time, such as departmental division, regional division, self-use and self-provided warehouses and mutual closure. Due to this decentralized management system, funds are scattered, management is backward, equipment is outdated, and warehouse utilization rate is low. It is understood that the average utilization rate of warehouse area in China is less than 40%. Some warehouses have been idle for a long time, but some are not enough. They continued to invest in the new warehouse. Due to blind construction and random storage, excessive market competition and disorderly storage prices. In recent years, a large number of farmers' warehouses and military warehouses have appeared in some cities. Depressed factories have turned idle factories into low-priced warehouses to attract customers, which makes the storage prices in these cities low and deviates from the law of value. The consequence is that the warehouse management level is low, the storage conditions are poor, and the service quality is low, which leads to the damage, deterioration and theft of storage materials, which makes the country and enterprises suffer undue losses.

(2) The existing warehouse has a single function and is not suitable for the development of market economy.

Most of the existing warehouses are bungalows, and their function is simply to store products. In addition, the current storage market is not standardized and the competition is not equal. Most state-owned warehouses have poor economic benefits and long-term losses, which not only lack development potential, but even have problems in survival.

(3) Most warehouse equipment is outdated and backward.

Many of them are still in the primitive state of manual labor, with people carrying their shoulders and low work efficiency. Many warehouses are "goods can't get in and out", and the goods stay in the warehouse for too long, or are damaged and moldy due to poor storage, which has caused serious losses and increased logistics costs. With the rapid development of China's economy and the deepening of the reform of circulation system, as well as the continuous expansion of opening up and the development of foreign trade, the logistics industry, especially the warehousing industry, is required to develop at a high speed to meet the needs of this new situation.

Third, the direction of China warehousing development.

Make full use of the warehousing socialization of existing warehousing resources, improve the warehousing efficiency and the specialized function of the warehousing industry's division of labor development, speed up the warehousing standardization to adapt to the development of social production and promote the improvement of logistics efficiency, improve warehousing efficiency and realize the modernization of warehousing management.

(1) Socialization and Functionalization of Storage Industry

At present, China's warehousing industry has low efficiency, low utilization rate, poor working conditions and lack of self-development ability. Under the environment of market economy, only when any social resource is freely exchanged in the market can its value be fully reflected, and only under the encouragement of the free exchange system can its creativity be fully exerted. The warehousing industry needs to wake up modernization with the principle of "clear property rights, clear rights and responsibilities, orderly separation and scientific management", establish a scientific corporate governance structure of Snakin, and become the main body of self-financing and independent market competition, thus completely changing the bad situation of China warehousing industry, truly becoming a market resource and developing in a more perfect direction.

Social division of labor is the result of the development of productive forces and also the driving force to promote the development of productive forces. The technical level and function duplication of China warehousing industry can only be changed through division of labor and professional development. The social demand for storage, like the demand for other social resources, is developing in the direction of specialization, characteristics, functionality and personalization. At the same time, in the market competition within the warehousing industry, only through professional development can we improve the advantages of product personalization.

(2) Mechanization and automation of storage

With the development of production technology, production mechanization has become the basic requirement of modern enterprise production. Machinery has many characteristics, such as strong bearing capacity, high efficiency, long working hours and little damage. Most warehousing operations have many systematic unsafe hidden dangers, including two major operations, which have harsh working environment and tight time, so warehousing mechanization is the inevitable development of warehousing industry. Warehousing enterprises should achieve the goal of minimum manpower operation through mechanization, increase enterprise integration, reduce personal injury and cargo damage, and improve operation efficiency. With the development of cargo transportation and packaging to large-scale and pallet, warehousing will inevitably transition to mechanization.

Warehouse automation refers to the storage of warehouses managed and controlled by computers. In the automatic warehouse, warehouse management, environmental management, job control and other warehousing work, through community management, scanning technology, bar code, radio frequency communication, data processing and other technologies, command warehouse stackers, conveyor belts, automatic guided vehicles, automatic sorting and other equipment to automatically complete warehousing work; Automatic control of air conditioners, monitoring equipment and refrigeration equipment for environmental management; Issue transportation instructions to transportation equipment and arrange transportation; And at the same time complete the production and delivery of documents and reports. For special storage such as dangerous goods, cold storage, warm storage and grain, automatic control storage must be adopted.

(3) warehousing informationization and information networking

For the logistics distribution center with various kinds of inventory and huge stock, without computer information management and processing, it is impossible to improve the warehouse utilization rate, maintain efficient inventory circulation and implement inventory control in scenic spots. Warehouse information management includes: providing real-time query for accounting processing and settlement processing; Manage storage space, make personal documents and reports, control the storage of grain, and even carry out automatic control. It can be said that in order to improve efficiency, reduce losses and thus reduce storage costs, it is necessary to realize informatization.

Warehousing is the node of logistics and the core link of enterprise inventory management. The decision-making of enterprise production and operation requires the warehouse to feed back the inventory information to the management department in time. Only by fully grasping the storage, custody, storage location and consumption speed of commodities can we awaken accurate production and management decisions. Efficient logistics management is based on the control and organization of logistics. In order to realize efficient logistics management, it is necessary to establish an effective information network among warehouses, manufacturers, logistics managers, logistics demanders and transportation tools to realize the sharing of warehousing information, control logistics through the information network and realize the networking of warehousing information.

(4) Scientific management

Warehouse management includes warehouse management system, governance structure, management organization, management methods and management objectives. According to the different management systems, warehousing activities can be divided into commercial warehousing that provides warehousing services to the society and self-operated warehousing that serves the production and operation of enterprises. Regardless of the management system, warehouse management needs scientific management, which is an efficient warehouse.

As an economic activity, commercial warehousing, like other subjects of economic activities, can give full play to its economic value only under the condition of full marketization. In other words, commercial warehousing must develop into an independent market economy subject, carry out modern enterprise system reform and scientific modern enterprise management according to the requirements of independent market economy subject, make warehousing enterprises independent in property rights, give enterprises full operational autonomy, and provide services to the society according to the principle of meeting social needs. Enterprises aim at maximizing profits.

Self-operated warehousing that serves the production and operation of enterprises should determine the positioning of warehousing on the basis of the overall development of enterprises, attach great importance to the role of other warehousing and strengthen the management of warehousing, and rationally allocate enterprise resources, so that the warehousing department of enterprises can become a reliable guarantee for the development of production and operation of enterprises.

Warehousing enterprises (departments) should implement modern enterprise scientific management, establish an efficient organization, implement a standardized post responsibility system, establish a dynamic and reward distribution system conducive to improving productivity, implement an effective and systematic employee education and training system, adopt scientific management methods, and cultivate a positive and excellent corporate culture.

(5) Pay attention to the cultivation of talents.

Attention should be paid to the training of modern warehouse personnel. The key to the modernization of warehousing industry lies in science and technology, and the key to the development of science and technology lies in people. Without knowledge and talents, modernization is empty talk. In order to realize the knowledge and specialization of warehouse personnel, it is necessary to formulate and implement the talent training plan according to the requirements of modern management and the characteristics of different types of warehouses and posts, strengthen the training, education and improvement of warehouse personnel, and train a group of cadres specializing in warehouse management with modern scientific knowledge and management technology, strong sense of responsibility and high quality as soon as possible. This is an important guarantee to realize the socialization and modernization of China's warehousing industry and even logistics industry.