What is the meaning of Confucian management thought?

This semester, I studied the related contents of Confucian management thought, and I want to inherit history. Just like Confucian classics such as benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and trust, Confucian management thought is still worth learning.

Pursuing the perfect development of human existence and promoting the harmonious progress of society with morality is an eternal problem that human beings have been exploring and practicing about how to manage themselves. It is in the self-understanding and practice of this issue that mankind has moved from ancient times to modern civilization and created rich and colorful material and spiritual wealth. However, because human's understanding and practice of this problem is a kind of constantly updated and progressive social activity, the ideal answer to this question can neither be formed once and for all, nor can it remain unchanged once it is formed. It will exist with the survival of mankind and will be updated with the progress of mankind. China's long-standing traditional culture is the crystallization of the rich wisdom of the Chinese nation in understanding and practicing this issue. As the main body of China traditional culture, Confucian culture has a deep understanding of this. From the content characteristics and value orientation of Confucian culture, it can be said that Confucian culture is actually a theory about how to manage human social behavior. Confucian management philosophy is the main content of Confucian culture, which constructs the historical position and value of Confucian culture.

Because Confucianism itself is a profound theoretical system, we can only analyze some of the main management ideas. We can divide Confucian management thoughts into the following aspects: 1. What should we care about? The Confucian answer is "governing the people"; Second, who is in charge? The Confucian answer is "the industrious rule the people"; Finally, how to manage? The Confucian answer is "Harmony is the most important thing". Confucianism has some original opinions in these three aspects.

Confucianism attaches great importance to people's position in the management process. It can be said that human management and the people who implement it are the core of Confucian theory. With talents and management, this view can not be separated from Confucian philosophy, and there is a saying in Confucianism that can well embody this philosophy. "The nature of heaven and earth is precious." Therefore, aristocratic thought is a basic concept of Confucianism. Confucianism believes that only man is the most precious between heaven and earth, and he is the spirit of all things. This is related to the fact that both slave society and feudal society regard people as the most important wealth of society. At that time, the strength of a country was reflected by its population. Therefore, in the view of Confucianism, all management activities are carried out around managers.

Since you are a manager, you must analyze people. Mencius believes that from the perspective of human nature, people can be kind. As for people's badness, it cannot be attributed to his nature, because his kind nature is covered up by various reasons. Besides, he thinks everyone has compassion. In other words, if a person does not pursue good, good will be lost and evil will appear.

Xunzi, another representative of Confucianism, advocated the theory of "evil nature", which directly served the Confucian "ceremony" and provided the necessary theoretical basis for realizing the management activities of the country. Therefore, managers must correctly guide, educate and manage ordinary people, make them do good deeds and manage the country well.

Confucian human nature hypothesis, from the theoretical depth, Confucian theory of good and evil focuses on morality. From the object of management, the Confucian theory of good and evil focuses on the moral research of managers and managed people in the whole country, and it is also a theory that focuses on how to manage managers well. Regarding the source of evil, Confucian theory holds that human nature comes from nature, and changing human nature mainly depends on people's own efforts.

Confucianism has put forward quite a lot of opinions on the hypothesis and transformation of human nature, arguing that the transformation of human nature is mainly solved through cultivation, and Confucianism advocates the unity of man and nature. A person's highest goal is to become a saint, and put forward the methods to achieve this goal. In particular, Mencius said, "When you come to Sri Lanka from heaven, you must first suffer from your mind, work hard on your bones and muscles, starve your body, and empty your body", and what he said, "Generosity is good for the world, and poverty is good for you", which has a great influence on future generations.

Confucianism emphasizes propriety and righteousness in management and regards propriety and righteousness as an important means to achieve management goals. There are many expositions about propriety and righteousness in Confucianism. When a group is established, it is necessary to divide the work by points, then standardize by courtesy, and reconcile by righteousness, so as to achieve good organizational operation.

Xunzi believes that people are born with endless demands and desires. If they have desires but can't satisfy them, they should pursue them. If they pursue them without certain restrictions, they must cause competition. Where there is competition, there is chaos, and where there is chaos, there is poverty. In order to stop this chaotic situation, national managers should formulate etiquette and grading, so as to adjust people's desires and meet people's requirements, so that people's desires will not be unsatisfied because of lack of materials, and materials will not be exhausted because of people's desires. This is the essence of Confucianism about who will manage and through what.

Benevolence is the core of Confucianism, and its main contents are as follows: first, only those who can practice can be called benevolence and perfect. When Confucius answered his disciples, he had different answers at different times. The first answer is "the benevolent loves others", the second answer is "the benevolent suffers first, and then gets it", and the third answer is more specific: "Live in a respectful place, respect deacons and be loyal to others. Although it is downgraded, it cannot be abandoned. "

Here we can see the management methods of Confucian benevolence: first, set an example and drive others with their own actions; Second, both the manager and the managed should have a kind of love, and also know that everything will encounter difficulties, and if you overcome them, you will gain something; More importantly, people are active in a group, and a spirit of collectivism is the real benevolence. In Mencius' view, the ideal society is to practice "kingly way" and "benevolent government". He believes that putting people's livelihood stability in the first place is the first step to implement kingly politics. Only when people's lives are stable can society be stable. There is "virtue" in the kingly way, and then "virtue" is promoted to teach every common people, that is to say, the management mode of "sharing weal and woe with the people".

Another important part of Confucian management thought is "virtue". "Rule by virtue" is an important management thought of Confucianism. In Confucius' view, managers should emphasize that morality is their own policy of governing the country, so as to achieve the effect of doing nothing. In the view of Confucianism, to govern a country, as long as we concentrate on formulating and taking the lead in implementing good moral norms, it is enough to govern the country well.

Mencius also explained in detail the reason why the rule of virtue is the better management effect of kingly way: relying on strength to make people obey, people will not be fully convinced, just because his strength itself is not enough; Those who rely on morality to make people obey will be completely convinced. Confucian management thought is to convince people through the power of rule by virtue and make the world submit to the king without exception. It can be seen from this that Confucianism mainly manages from the perspective of moral education. In Confucianism's view, moral education is one of the important prerequisites for a country's management. In order to implement a political measure quickly, managers should set an example; If the broad masses of people want to join quickly, and this kind of participation is completely convincing, then managers must rely on morality.

However, it doesn't mean that Confucianism doesn't stress external management rules, but that they use "rites", which is the so-called "Qi Qi rites". We know that "ceremony" is actually a rule of various social activities and a means of social control. Its essence lies in standardizing various social relations, linking the whole society together, which is beneficial to the ruler's rule. This is a kind of external control, but the external control of Confucian rites is different from that of the west.

In a word, Confucian management thought is a management method with the ultimate goal of governing the country and leveling the world, the management premise of managers' self-cultivation, the internal and external control of people, and the virtue of being loyal to ministers as the main means. Confucianism never mentioned efficiency and development of production, which brought great disaster to the development of productivity in China for thousands of years. As a cultural system that guides the whole country, it cannot improve productivity, which is a tragedy of Confucianism.

Although it has experienced thousands of years of historical vicissitudes, Confucianism is still appreciated by future generations for its unique cultural characteristics. Although China was treated unfairly during its extremely turbulent historical period, it did not obliterate its glory, especially for the development of China's history and culture. Has been affecting today's China, the East of the world, and even the whole world. Among them, there are both excellent cultural heritage of mankind and feudal dross. No matter what it is, history tells us that it has been affecting our yesterday, today and tomorrow.