What is the origin of the door god? When can I buy it? Who created it?

At the beginning of the new year, the first thing is to paste the door gods and couplets. On New Year's Eve (or 29th), every household goes to the streets to buy Spring Festival couplets, and those who are interested also spread paper and splash ink in the spring to decorate the portal.

The doorman is said to be a magic tea that can catch ghosts. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ying Shao quoted the Book of the Yellow Emperor from Customs Tong: In ancient times, two brothers, Nash and Lei Yu, lived on Dushuo Mountain. There is a peach tree on the mountain, and the shade is like a cover. Every morning, they will review the ghosts under the tree. If an evil spirit harms the world, tie it up and feed it to the tiger. Later, people used two pieces of red wooden boards to draw pictures of God Tea and Lei Yu, and hung them on both sides of the door to ward off evil spirits. In the Chronicle of Jingchu Age written by Liang in the Southern Dynasties, it is recorded that on the first day of the first month, "making a peach board to touch a household is called fairy wood, painting two gods to stick to a household, and the left god naphthalene and the right dragon are called door gods." However, the door god recorded in real history books is not a dragon, but an ancient warrior named Cheng qin. According to the biography of Han Guang written by Ban Gu, the portrait of Cheng qin, an ancient warrior, was painted on the gate of King Guang Chuan (Quping), wearing shorts and holding a sword. In the Tang dynasty, the position of the door god was replaced by Qin's harmony.

The Journey to the West's account is more detailed: The King of Jinghe made a bet with the fortune teller, and as a result, he broke the dogma and was punished. The Jade Emperor appointed Wei Zhi as the supervisor. King Jinghe begged Emperor Taizong to spare his life. Emperor Taizong agreed, and when it was time to kill the dragon, he summoned Wei Zhi to play chess with him. Unexpectedly, Wei Zhi took a nap in the rain, and his soul ascended to heaven and beheaded the Dragon King. The Dragon King complained that Taizong had broken his word and cried outside the palace day and night for his life. Emperor Taizong told his ministers that General Qin Baoshu was willing to stand outside the door with Wei Chijingde in uniform. Emperor Taizong agreed. There was really nothing that night. Emperor Taizong couldn't bear the hardships of the two generals, and ordered Dan Qing, a highly skilled painter, to draw the true faces of the two generals and stick them on the door. Later generations followed suit, so the two generals became gatekeepers of thousands of families. On the two gates of some old-fashioned gatehouses in Chaoshan today, we can also see Shencha, Lei Yu or two fierce generals. Their images seem to be the same, but after careful observation, one of them holds Strafe and the other holds an iron mace. Wei Chijingde is the whip bearer, and Qin Qiong is the scepter bearer.

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door-god

Liang Zonggu of the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote in the Chronicle of Jingchu: "Sticking a picture of a chicken, or carving five kinds of chickens and native chickens on the door, hanging a reed rope on it and inserting a peach symbol next to it, all ghosts are afraid of it." Years old, painting the armor of God? , posted on the left and right of the residents, Shen Tu on the left and Lei Yu on the right, known as the door god. "Visible in China at least 2000 years ago, there was a custom of sticking to the door. The purpose of the door-sticking god is to ward off evil spirits and resist ghosts, which is permeated with strong religious sacrifice color.

In the Song Dynasty, due to the prosperity of the citizens' economy, the application of movable type printing, the advancement of science and technology, and the improvement of people's lives, door-keeper paintings and Zhong Kui New Year pictures appeared in the market, which began to spread to people's homes and became popular practical art forms.

When it comes to the prosperity of engraving and printing industry in Song Dynasty, we have to mention Kaifeng Prefecture in Henan Province. Kaifeng House, the capital of Song Dynasty, was called Bianliang City in Le Jing in ancient times. The prosperity of handicraft industry and commodity economy has brought the increasingly rich material life and cultural life of emerging citizens, as well as the prosperity of the ancient Bianliang, which can be seen from the famous painting The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival in the Song Dynasty.

Zhuxian Town, 20km away from Kaifeng House, is one of the four famous towns in ancient China (including Hankou Town, Jingdezhen Town and Foshan Town). This is the ancient battlefield where Yue Fei defeated the Jin Army in the Southern Song Dynasty, and it is also the birthplace of China Spring Festival couplets and woodcut statues. According to Li's Yue Fei and Zhuxian Town, "The red paper door keeper is an old custom of the New Year and the most famous specialty in the town. In the heyday of the past, there were more than 300 people in this industry. "

Zhuxian Town Door God Painting flourished in Qing Dynasty. Every year on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, Zhuxian Town's New Year pictures industry holds a celebration, and a "Door God Meeting" is held in front of Yuefei Temple and Guandi Temple in the town. Compared with the national New Year pictures, Zhuxian Town's New Year pictures have their own unique characteristics, which mainly have three characteristics.

First, the door gods and Oracle codes have the most varieties. Door gods, including whip at once, whip at next step, Zhong Kui, Wu Wen God of Wealth and so on, are all used to exorcise evil spirits. "Five children pass the exam", "Kirin sends the children" and "adding officials to cross the road" are used for good wishes; There are also historical figures and operas, such as Changbanpo, Jiuliandeng and Huotangzhai. , also among the door gods. Oracle Bone Inscriptions has three worlds, Samsung, Kitchen King, Broken Official, Liu Hai and Hehe, all of which are loved by the people.

Secondly, the color matching method of Zhuxian Town New Year pictures is amazing, and the nine pigments used are all prepared by the artists themselves, which are absolutely exquisite. For example, red is made of sappan wood, yellow is made of locust tree seeds, purple is made of sunflower seeds, green is made of raw copper boiled and filtered, and azurite is made of azurite powder ... The front fabric carefully cooked with special formula is pure, bright and calm, and will not change color for a long time.

Third, the New Year pictures in Zhuxian Town are simple and childish, with rough lines and strong colors, showing the unique simple and honest temperament of folk art in the Yellow River Basin. Compared with the exquisite and elegant Tianjin Yangliuqing New Year pictures, they have a masculine beauty endowed by the Central Plains culture.

Since modern times, people have gradually got rid of ignorance and moved towards scientific civilization. After many twists and turns, the goalkeeper's painting was robbed. However, the auspicious meaning given by the door god painting is always indelible in people's hearts, and its tenacious survival just illustrates this point. It is true that the heyday of China's traditional woodcut door gods painting is over. Maybe in a few days, visitors to Zhuxian Town will draw a museum to meet the janitor last year. However, the traditional gatekeeper can't be said to change into other forms and appear in our lives. At the same time, as an important category of China folk art, its origin and development, its spiritual form and artistic form really deserve our attention and study. (Zuo Hanzhong)