Present situation of rural endowment insurance

With regard to rural old-age care, many areas have not established a rural social old-age care system, and there are also many defects and problems in the operation of the established areas. Therefore, it is increasingly necessary and urgent to improve the rural social endowment insurance system.

(1) accelerated aging.

With the acceleration of urbanization and the export of rural labor force, more and more rural young adults have entered cities, and their age structure has become "big at both ends and small in the middle". According to statistics, among the 833 million rural population in China in 2000, the elderly population over 65 years old is estimated to account for 7.36%. By 2030, among the 664 million rural population, the number of elderly people over 65 will reach 654.38+07.39% and 654.38+029 million.

(B) The coverage of rural social endowment insurance is too small, and the coverage object is flawed.

China has the largest number of elderly people in the world, 75% of whom live in rural areas. According to statistics, there are still many rural people who are not included in social security. 1998, 1998 townships have established social security networks, accounting for only 4 1% of the total number of townships in China, and less than 20% of village committees have established social security foundations. In addition, according to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, the number of migrant workers in China has increased from less than 2 million at the beginning of reform and opening up to1140,000 in 2003, so the number is large. The basic plan does not reflect the difference between farmers who stay in the countryside and those who go to work in cities. Farmers who work in cities are not included in the rural old-age insurance system, nor in the urban old-age insurance system, and are in a blank area of legal protection.

(C) The function of the traditional family pension insurance has been weakened.

The concept of raising children to prevent old age is deeply rooted in rural areas of China, and family pension has always been the most important way to provide for the elderly. In an agricultural society characterized by self-sufficiency, the production technology is basically stable and the social division of labor is very low. "Inheriting the father's business" highly summarizes the close relationship between the upper and lower generations. This stable intergenerational alternation can naturally complete the function of providing for the aged within the family and form the corresponding moral norms. However, with the arrival of the industrial society characterized by social division of labor, this natural and stable relationship has been broken, and "inheriting the father's business" no longer exists. There is almost no other relationship between father and son except blood relationship and minor support relationship. Children's labor skills should be mastered by their own efforts, and labor opportunities should be won by themselves. Therefore, they often have to leave their birthplace and parents.

(D) It is difficult for rural old-age care to rely entirely on land security, but land is still an important means of production for some farmers.

According to the data provided by China Statistical Yearbook, from 1978 to 1998, the average proportion of farmers' primary industry income in China dropped from 9 1.5% to 57.2%, of which pure agricultural income only accounted for 42.9% of the total income. About 40% of farmers' household income comes from the secondary and tertiary industries, and about 1/4 comes from labor income. Transfer and property income account for about 5.7% of net income. It can be seen that the agricultural income from the land has been difficult to guarantee the basic livelihood of farmers, and it is even more extravagant to support the elderly. Some farmers got rid of the bondage of land and participated in real social security. However, for some farmers, land is still a very important means of production.

(5) The gap between the rich and the poor is widening year by year, laying a hidden danger for future social development.

The development of rural areas is getting worse year by year, while the development of cities is getting better year by year. The gap between the living conditions of the elderly in rural and urban areas is also obvious. After the promulgation of the Basic Plan of Rural Social Endowment Insurance, the government basically turned a blind eye to the implementation of rural endowment insurance. According to a survey, 82.4% of migrant workers did not pay endowment insurance for them, which was much higher than that of "city dwellers" (46. 1%), indicating that the overall level of endowment insurance for migrant workers was very low. The government should strengthen the rural social endowment insurance policy, safeguard social equity and effectively protect farmers' rights and interests.

(6) Problems in fund raising and fund management.

1. The demand for rural old-age insurance is relatively low. However, if urbanization, social development, improvement of living standards and other factors are taken into account, as well as the economic and social background of people who are insured for their own old age after 20, 30 or even 40 years, the old-age insurance paid now is very small, and there will be cases where the old-age insurance cannot provide for the elderly and guarantee insurance.

2. In terms of fund-raising, many poor villagers are unable to take out insurance, while a few township cadres use their powers to find excuses and use public funds to take out insurance for themselves. Endowment insurance has become a tool for these people to seek personal gain, which has affected the operation of endowment insurance and the enthusiasm of the masses for insurance. Compulsory insurance has also appeared in some areas, for example, you are not allowed to get a marriage certificate without paying the insurance premium.

3. The endowment insurance money raised can't be used for special purposes. In a few places, it will be used for other purposes without authorization under various excuses, which will cause risks and damage the interests of the insured, and will eventually affect the implementation of the social endowment insurance system.

4. Most township enterprises and private enterprises, as well as state-owned enterprises, urban collective enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises with rural labor employment, basically have no social security for rural workers. The collective has not really taken responsibility.

5. The fund management level is too low to effectively maintain and increase the value. Forming factors The formation of rural social endowment insurance at this stage is the result of the accumulation of social, economic and cultural background for many years and the comprehensive effect of many factors. Here are two basic factors.

(A) the backwardness of rural economy is the most basic reason for the lag of old-age insurance.

On the one hand, because agriculture itself is the primary industry, the effect of creating productivity is not as obvious as other industries, so the state pays insufficient attention to its management and supervision. On the other hand, because the development of agriculture is mainly in rural areas, the management of the country may fail because of too many management levels. Therefore, due to the weakness of agricultural industry, when the market economy was just implemented and the economy was vigorously developed, the state formulated a policy of sacrificing agriculture to develop industry.

(2) Legislation lags behind.

With regard to the implementation of rural social endowment insurance, only10.3 People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Ministry of Civil Affairs promulgated and implemented the Basic Plan of Rural Social Endowment Insurance at County Level (Trial). The state did not adjust the law in time according to the economic and social development. Conditions for Development "Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Forwarding the Opinions of the Ministry of Civil Affairs on Further Improving Rural Social Endowment Insurance" (Guo Ban Fa [1995] No.51) clearly stipulates the basic conditions for developing rural social endowment insurance. That is, the problem of food and clothing for farmers has been basically solved, and grass-roots organizations are relatively sound. Basic principles The basic principles of rural social endowment insurance are: the level of security is compatible with the development of rural productive forces and the affordability of all aspects; Old-age insurance is combined with family support, land security and social assistance; Rights and obligations are relative; Give priority to efficiency and give consideration to fairness; Self-protection is given priority to, supplemented by collective (including township enterprises and institutions) adjustment, and the state gives policy support; Government organizations are combined with farmers' voluntary participation. Main features The institutional model of rural social endowment insurance has the following characteristics:

First, the fund-raising is mainly based on individual contributions, supplemented by collective subsidies, and supported by national policies, which clarifies the responsibilities of individuals, collectives and the state, highlights the principle of self-protection and does not increase the burden on the government;

Second, the implementation of reserve accumulation, the establishment of individual accounts, farmers' individual contributions and collective subsidies are recorded in individual names and owned by individuals. How much an individual receives a pension depends on the individual.

The amount of payment and the length of accumulated time;

Third, agricultural, commercial and other rural employees implement a unified social endowment insurance system to facilitate the flow of rural labor;

The fourth is to adopt the working method of combining government organization and guidance with farmers' voluntary participation. This is the working method in the transitional period determined by the unbalanced development of rural economy in China. With the development of rural economy, the government will gradually increase its efforts in areas where conditions permit to reflect the characteristics of social insurance.