Humanistic version of the eighth grade book language "two short essays" lesson plan

Below is the lesson plan of "Two Short Essays" in the first book of the eighth grade language of the Renjiao edition that I have compiled for you. For more related content, please pay attention to the lesson plan item.

The Humanist version of the eighth grade book language "two short essays" lesson plan

Learning Objectives

1, memorize and translate the text, master the relevant literary words.

2. To learn the writing style of the object.

3. Understand the author's thoughts and feelings.

Key Learning Points

Understand the content of the text and the author's thoughts and feelings.

Lesson time arrangement

Two hours.

Preparation before class

1. Students' preparation:

(1) Read the text well and memorize the words.

(2) According to the content of the text, conceptualize the mood of the article.

2. Teacher preparation:

(1) online collection of relevant information for the record, to develop students' horizons.

(2) Make multimedia courseware.

The first lesson time

〖Learning content〗

1, study "The Inscription of the Ugly Room", memorize and write the text silently.

2. The writing style of "The Inscription of the Ugly Room". The way of writing.

〖Learning Design〗

I. Introduction

Students, in our real life, many plants and animals will bring us enlightenment. Straight up the poplar tree reminds us of how to behave, hard-working bees let us think of those who are silent, hard-working people. If you want to use something to express your feelings, you can use? The object to express your feelings? This method. Today we are going to study these two short articles "Inscription of a humble house". Irene is a famous text of the object to express the will.

? Ming? and ? Saying? are both ancient literary styles. Inscription, used to describe the performance of the record or warning and exhortation, the rhetoric is concise, rhyming, read powerful. Said, this style of writing, mostly on a matter, a thing or a phenomenon to express the author's thoughts and feelings, the writing method is unconventional, the line is free and lively.

Second, the overall perception

Root absolutely the title of the text, think about the content of the article:

1, why the author for? The ugly room? The first is to make the first step in the process. The author of the article is the author of the book, and the author of the book is the author of the book.

2, through self-reading to stimulate students' interest in reading. Students can discuss and exchange.

3. Read "The Inscription of the Ugly Room" together and encourage students to boldly point out the sentences that they think are the main idea of the article, translate them accurately first, and then explain the reasons.

There may be several views:

(1) ? A mountain is not high, but a fairy is famous. Water is not deep, a dragon is spiritual. ? (A thousand-year-old famous sentence, again at the beginning)

(2) ? Confucius cloud: what ugly? (Confucius' words in a nutshell, summarized in the text)

(3) ? S is the ugly room, but our moral coziness.?

Lead the students to discuss, in the discussion to understand the revenge and sentiment of the author to express.

Third, seminar reading

The big screen shows the question, students translate the original sentence and think and discuss in the group.

1.? The mountain is not high, if there is an immortal, it is famous. The water is not deep, the dragon is spiritual. What is the role in the article?

2. In what ways did the author write? The ugly room?

3. Confucius Yun, what is ugly?

What is the deep meaning?

What role does it play in the article?

Let the students think after reading the text aloud and discuss in groups of four.

Clearly:

1, ? The mountain is not high, if there is a fairy, it is famous. The water is not deep, there is a dragon. This is a recognized truth at that time, the author through the landscape? If there is a fairy, it is famous. There is a dragon is spiritual. Analogical thesis,? The ugly room? There is a wise man living in it is not ugly. It is more natural to make the argument, so that the reader is easy to accept.

2, the author wrote these aspects of the humble abode:

(1) moss traces on the steps green, grass color into the curtain green. The environment is quiet and serene, not tainted with pomp and circumstance;

(2) laughing and talking, no white men. You can tune your zither and read the Golden Scriptures. - - life interest of the elegant;

(3) no silk and bamboo mess ears, no paperwork of labor.

3, quoting Confucius is:? The gentleman's residence, why ugly? The last sentence is: "The gentleman who lives in the house, why is it ugly? Nanyang Zhu Geliang, Xishu Ziyunting? has contained? The gentleman's residence? The meaning of, once again, to prove that, since the residence of the ugly room is not ugly, thus indicating that their own extraordinary mind, but also a clever response to the beginning of the? But we are moral and cozy? A sentence, seemingly implicit, thought-provoking.

Thinking about the author's purpose in creating this article (prompted by the background of writing)

Lead the students to fully understand the author's mood, feel the author's ambitions and sentiments.

Recite the whole text and write silently for 5 minutes.

Fourth, homework

1, translate the whole text and write it correctly.

2. Pre-study The Irene Story.

Lesson 2

〖Study Content〗

1. Study "The Sermon on the Love Lotus", memorize and translate it.

2. Feel the author's ideological sentiment of keeping oneself clean and being different from the common people.

〖Learning Design〗

I. Introduction

(The big screen displays Bai Juyi's poem "Buying Flowers": ? Spring is approaching the twilight in the city, and there are noisy vehicles and horses. ***I want to buy flowers with you when you are in the peony. The price of peonies is not the same as the price of peonies, but the reward depends on the number of flowers. There are hundreds of red flowers, and too many bunches of veggies. The curtains were opened on top and a fence was woven to protect them. The water is sprinkled and then sealed with mud, and the color of the flowers is the same as before. Every family is accustomed to this custom, and everyone is fascinated by it. There was a farmer who came to buy flowers and sighed a long sigh, a sigh that no one could tell him. A clump of dark-colored flowers, ten households in the people assigned!

Which line of this poem is consistent with the scene described in Irene?

This poem is written in the text?

This poem is about the social phenomenon that the world has been in love with peonies since Li Tang. The world loves peonies. Why does the author love the lotus alone?

II. Overall perception

(The big screen shows a picture that is consistent with the description of the text.)

1. The teacher will read the text, and the students will follow the reading, and use ? ～～～～? Underline the sentences that reflect Lian's noble qualities.

2, read the text together, think: the symbolism of the lotus, should be summarized on the basis of the students taste, feeling, enhance. Point out again? The symbolism of the Lotus? The author compared himself to the lotus flower, to express himself without fame and fortune, the noble sentiment of purity and self-improvement.

Read the text carefully, study and explore:

1, read the text freely, with the help of notes and tools to translate.

Pay attention to mastering Chinese words:

The lovely ones are very numerous Out of the silt but not stained Maundy Maundy Thursday but not evil No sprawling, no branching The fragrance is far away, but it's clear The pavilion is clean The plant The shade of the shade

The big screen shows the question group, and the group discusses and exchanges:

(1) What's the main idea of the whole text?

(2) What kind of personality does each of the three flowers symbolize? What kind of human attitude does this article show the author?

(3) Do you agree with the author? What do you think is the significance of studying The Irene Story?

Hints:

1, love lotus that love the virtue of the gentleman.

2, he is not willing to be as passive as Tao Yuanming to avoid the world, more like the world as the pursuit of fame and wealth, he wants to be independent in the filthy world, to maintain the integrity of the conduct of the innocent and upright character.

3. Guiding students to learn the virtue of the gentleman, in reality, to comply with the code of civic ethics, to be a qualified citizen.

(Words can make sense)

3. Guide students to memorize

1. Read the text together as a class.

2. Individuals are free to speed read twice.

3. The whole class recites.

4. Specify the recitation.

Fourth, the teacher summarizes

It is because the author gave the lotus this beautiful symbolism, so the literati often quote ? out of the mud without dyeing? Maundy Sealy and not demon? Such a sentence, but also become the favorite of painters and calligraphers.

(Show students' paintings, students make a brief comment based on the text.)

Play the beautiful pictures collected by the teacher to broaden the horizons of the students.

Play the video clip with music, "The Inscription of the Ugly Room" and "Irene's Sayings", and recite the text according to the pictures in unison.

V. Homework

1. Summarize the literary word ? of? is used in this lesson in several ways.

2. Silently write "Irene".

3. Try to use ? the word "Irene" in this lesson. method to write a paragraph, about 300 words.

〖Reference〗

1. The spiritual refraction of noble character:

? said? Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus Saying" is a rare masterpiece in this genre.

Zhou Dunyi, the Northern Song Dynasty, his life is indifferent to fame and fortune, not to seek fame and fortune. His noble character, as Huang Tingjian, a great literary figure of the Northern Song Dynasty, said: ? High character, the bosom of the spill, such as the light breeze and the moon and his heirloom prose masterpiece "Irene" is precisely the spirit of the refraction of his wine down the bosom of the refractive light.

Lotus, is the ancient and modern literati writing song object, but most of the literati are marveling at its cleanliness, and will be the shape of the end of the pen; and this prose masterpiece is a unique way, through the image of the lotus and the quality of the description, celebrating the lotus chaste character, which also shows the author's self-love of the high personality and the shedding of the mind.

From the content, the article can be clearly divided into two parts: the first part of the image of the lotus flower of the high purity of the exhaustive layout of the depiction; the second part of the metaphorical meaning of the lotus flower reveals the sub-evaluation of the three flowers, and to the lotus self-comfort, expressing the author's deep sigh.

The first part of the article, wrote the beauty of the lotus lies in its a? The first part of the article, wrote that the beauty of the lotus flower lies in its a? The word "clean" is the word "clean". First of all. The first part of the article is to write that the beauty of the lotus flower lies in the word "clean". Write out the lotus in the sludge, but the dust is not stained, do not follow the world, self-love and innocence and nature does not show the precious spirit of the charming; secondly,? Secondly, the center of the straight outside, no branches? , wrote it inside and outside through, the appearance of straight, the surface of the same, not involved in the noble quality of climbing; again? Can be seen from afar and not to be played with? , written out of the lotus as proud as a gentleman, never by the vulgar people to play lightly.

All the foregoing, in fact, is a reflection of the author's personality, is the author of the mind of the self-explanatory, on this point, we can get from the second part of the article to prove. As the author said: ? The love of the lotus, with whom? The subtext is to lament the fact that there are too few people like him who have the purity of the lotus flower.

In terms of writing style, "The Lotus Says" has a ?

In terms of writing style, The Irene Speaks has a say. This genre of **** the same characteristics, that is, the object of speech. The article from? The article from the? From the beginning, with heavy ink and color to depict the lotus temperament, lotus style, sent the author of the ideal personality and the pursuit of affirmation, but also reflect the author despised the greed for wealth, chasing fame and fortune of the world's mentality and their own pursuit of the good feelings of cleanliness and self-improvement.

The language of this poem is also rich in characteristics, that is, beautiful and concise, indeed, as the beauty of the lotus --? The poem is also characterized by its beauty and simplicity, as the beauty of the lotus - "no branches, no branches".

2, Zhou Dunyi "Love Lotus" Appreciation:

Zhou Dunyi (1017 ~ 1073) is the founding father of the science of China, his science of thought in the history of Chinese philosophy played a role in the beginning and the end. Zhou Dunyi loved reading since childhood, and was quite famous in his hometown, people said he? high aspirations, erudition and vigor, with the style of the ancients? His learning, temperament, but also moved many people to follow him to learn, the most famous, that is, Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao two brothers, they later became a generation of the Southern Song Dynasty famous scientists.

In 1072 A.D., Zhou Dunyi came to Jiangxi, founded the Lianxi Academy, and from then on began to set up lectures, apprenticeship and education. He named the stream in front of the academy? Lianxi. and named himself Mr. Lianxi. Mr. Lianxi. Because of his love for lotus flowers, he built a lotus hall in the academy, in front of which there was a pond named "Lotus Pond". Lotus Pond. Mr. Lianxi was a man of the highest moral character, and he was a man of the highest moral character, and he was a man of the highest moral character. Mr. Lecture study, often stroll in front of the hall to enjoy the lotus. After the creation of a "Love Lotus Sayings", its best lines? Out of the mud without dyeing, Maundy clean ripples and not demon, in the middle of the straight outside, no branches, the fragrance of far away and clear, Pavilion Pure Planting, can be viewed from afar and can not be desecrated to play with it? It has become the most popular song of all time, and is still popular today.

"Irene said" this work, it is a relatively large feature is to lotus to the metaphorical personality, anthropomorphism. The anthropomorphism is a common technique in literary creation, which is to use objects as a metaphor for a certain kind of human character. This practice is still a characteristic technique, and this technique is generally called ? Bidding? , which is to take a certain thing to compare a certain kind of virtue.

Especially in the Confucian tradition, this?

Especially in the Confucian tradition, this? For example, Confucius said? The first time I saw this is when I was a kid, and I was a kid, and I was a kid. The first is to take the pines and cypresses as an analogy for the human condition. The pine is straight and upright when the snow presses down on it. The pine is a kind of character, a kind of strength. Before Zhou Dunyi's time, this kind of than the virtue? The technique people use more, but if we look at the history of the Han Chinese people, before Zhou Dunyi, seems to use more like the pine, bamboo, plum, orchids, chrysanthemums, usually say? The Four Friends of the Year? Ah, the Four Gentlemen of Flowers? The Four Gentlemen in Flowers? are all in this category. But Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus Sayings", the lotus flower to compare the gentleman's personality, has become a later common approach. In this sense, Zhou Dunyi in this point also has a mountain of significance.

So why did Zhou Dunyi write such a "Love Lotus Sayings", why use the lotus flower to make a metaphor, use the lotus flower to make a metaphor and the past this kind of? The first is to use the lotus flower as a metaphor, and the second is to use the lotus flower as a metaphor with the previous this kind of? This is what we should pay special attention to when we read this article. Generally speaking, bamboo, for example, is known for its? Straight and knotty? to compare the character of a gentleman; pine and cypress use its? Evergreen? especially in winter. Frost and snow? This feature to the metaphor, are more direct.

And "Irene" with the lotus flower to the metaphor of the gentleman it is more than one layer of meaning, that is? Although the surrounding environment is very bad, the environment in which you live or the environment in which you grow is not very good, but your own personality can be completely different, you can be very noble. So this is one of the characteristics of The Irene Speaks. Of course, his writing style is very good, the posture of the lotus flower expressed in very beautiful language, but also makes his conception, this kind of statement, this kind of point of view can be accepted by everyone very well.

So this raises the question, why would Zhou Dunyi think of such a lotus flower as a metaphor for the personality of a gentleman, thus illustrating the relationship between people and the environment? The lotus flower is a good example of the relationship between human beings and the environment. The question arises. This may have a specific historical background. As I said earlier, Zhou Dunyi is the founder of the science of science. The so-called? Rigaku? is a combination of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhist theories, the three schools of thought, and finally through the integration of the formation of a new school of thought. In Zhou Dunyi's thought, there were also many Buddhist factors, so there was a saying at that time, called ? Zhou Mao Shu, poor Zen guest ? Zhou Dunyi was a Buddhist. Zen? Zen. Zen? Zen? Zen.

The lotus flower is a common metaphor in Buddhism, and we all know that underneath the Goddess of Mercy is the Lotus Throne. In addition, there are many Buddhist scriptures that use the metaphor of the lotus flower, such as the Vimalakirti Sutra, which says that a lush lotus flower must grow out of silt, and that if it were entirely pure water, there would not be a lush lotus flower. And then, for example, there are two passages in particular in the Exploration of the Mysteries of the Avatamsaka Sutra that are similar to the ideas in The Lotus Sermon. For example, when it comes to the characteristics of the lotus flower, it says, "The first is fragrance, the second is purity - that is to say, it has a clear fragrance, and then it is itself very clean.

In addition, there is a clear statement that the lotus flower is?

There is also a clear statement that the lotus flower is not stained by the mud. Of course, it is not that Zhou Dunyi's "Love of Lotus" is directly from this, but that some of the factors of thought in this also inspired him. In addition, Zhou Dunyi himself emphasized the cultivation of human personality, the core of science is to emphasize that people should elevate their own nature of mind to a high level through their own cultivation, especially for the truth, for morality, to have a firm belief. Then he took his philosophical, ideological views and historical traditions, and a kind of other ideological factors, and wrote Love Lotus Sayings, and formed a very unique metaphor, with a very beautiful text, to be widely spread.

The Sayings of the Lotus is very interesting in that he compares several kinds of flowers: when it comes to peony, ? The richness of the flower is also? The flower of seclusion is also? I think this is a comparison of several different personalities and values. For example? Wealth and honor? , you pursue a kind of worldly fame and fortune; for example, seclusion, I have a kind of social responsibility to the community to dilute.

He emphasized the lotus flower, I think it may be on two levels: one level emphasizes the relationship between you and the environment. The environment around people can't be ideal, and there are always unsatisfactory parties in the environment, even in a certain paragraph, a particular time, and even may be evil, which is possible. So how do you maintain your integrity in such a situation? You can't change the environment, but you can change yourself. In this sense, I think it is enlightening. The other thing is the value proposition.

Love Lotus, through the comparison of several kinds of flowers, explains that as a person, first of all, you have to be in the spiritual level, in the personality, you have to be able to stand, and he puts this value orientation in the first place. I think this point is equally applicable to us modern people, and we can even say that it has a kind of universal principle. In life, you can't be completely overshadowed by materialistic desires, but you should always have a spiritual purgatory, a spiritual home. I think the significance of "The Irene Saying" today should be here first of all.

3, translation: water, land, all kinds of grass and wood and flowers, lovely very much. Tao Yuanming of the Jin Dynasty only loved chrysanthemums. Since the Tang Dynasty, people in the world have loved peonies.

I think, chrysanthemum is the hermit of the flower; peony, is the flower of the valuable; lotus, is the flower of the gentleman. Alas! For the love of chrysanthemums, after Tao Yuanming rarely heard. For the love of lotus flower, what other people like me? For the love of peony, the number of people is certainly a lot.

4, Liu Yuxi "ugly room chrome" Appreciation:

Liu Yuxi (772 ~ 842), the word Mengde, Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan Province) people, claiming to be the descendants of Liu Sheng, the king of Zhongshan in the Han Dynasty. He was a scholar in the ninth year of the reign of Zhenyuan, and was promoted to the rank of inspector of the Imperial Household. After the defeat of Wang Shuwen, he was relegated to the post of Secretary of Longzhou, and later served as Secretary of Lianzhou? Later, he was appointed as the Secretary of Lianzhou, Kuizhou, and Hazhou. He then became an assassin of Lianzhou, Kuizhou, and Hezhou, and served as an official inspecting the Minister of Rites and a guest of the Crown Prince. Liu Yuxi was not only a political reformer and philosophical thinker, but also an outstanding poet with unique achievements.

Liu Yuxi's The Inscription of the Ugly Room has now become a household name? The name of the book is "The Inscription of the Ugly Room", which has long been a household name. But in fact, this famous piece of writing is being? The first time I saw it, it was a very good one, but it was a very good one. The first time I saw it was when I was a student at the University of California at Berkeley. It is said that Liu Yuxi was relegated to Hezhou, Anhui Province, as an assassin. When the governor of Hezhou saw that he had been relegated, he made things difficult for him. First, he arranged for him to live at the south gate of the city, facing the river. Instead of complaining, Liu Yuxi wrote a couplet and posted it on the door of his room: ? Facing the big river and watching the white sails, being in Hezhou, I am thinking of arguing. This action can be angry with the magistrate, so he transferred Liu Yuxi's residence from the south to the north of the city, and reduced the house from three rooms to one and a half.

The new house is near the river, and the willows are still standing, so Liu Yuxi wrote a couplet: "By the river, the willows are green. Seeing that he was still at ease, the magistrate moved his house to the city again, and gave him a house with only one bed, one table, and one chair. Half a year, Liu Yuxi even moved three times, housing once smaller than once, and finally only a room, think of this county officials are really too much, so they were indignant pen wrote "Inscription of a humble house".

Motto of the humble abode has been passed down through the ages, and the humble abode has become famous all over the world. Today, Liu Yuxi's humble abode is located in the city of Anhui and County, 3 blocks of 9 houses in the shape of a character, arch flying eaves, white walls and black tiles, elegant and simple, quiet and beautiful. Stone paved courtyard green all over the place, pine and bamboo to welcome people, containing the Ying Yunxiu, people seem to smell the rich fragrance of ink.

The small and exquisite pavilion on the east side of the courtyard, there is? In the center of the main room, there is a statue of Liu Yuxi, which is elegant and dignified. The government pews the virtuous and the good. The plaque is hung above it. The humble room does not cover a wide area, pacing between them, seems to feel that man and nature in this to be purified.

"The humble abode inscription" throughout the 81 words, feelings and scenery will be, things and heart harmony. Read this motto, do not feel the ugly room, but feel the elegance of this room: the elegant environment? Moss traces on the steps green, grass color into the curtain green? The elegance of the humanities, the acceptance of the literati, ? Laughing and talking with the scholar, no white men? The elegance of the state of mind,? You can tune your zither and read the Golden Scriptures. No silk and bamboo mess ears, no paperwork of labor? The author's noble temperament of being open-minded and distant, different from the common people, is expressed in his words. Liu Yuxi as an official, clean and selfless, diligent in government affairs, concerned about people's livelihood; for the text, the world out of the dust, great wisdom, leaving many catchy, philosophical poetry and prose for future generations.

The "Inscription of the humble abode" is very short, the whole piece is only 81 words, why can it have such a great impact?

Liu Yuxi was a very famous literary figure in the Middle Tang Dynasty, but his greatest fame at that time was in the area of poetry, known as ? Poetry hero? There are four in the history of Tang poetry,? Poetry Immortal? The Poetry Immortal, the Poetry Sage, and the Poetry Scholar. Sage of Poetry The Sage of Poetry, the Sage of Poetry, and the Sage of Poetry. Poetry Buddha? And? Poetry hero? And of course, if you count Li He, there's also? The Ghost of Poetry. Poetry hero? This one? This is the "Hao" of poetry. This is a reflection of Liu Yuxi's style and his status. Bai Juyi wrote a poem about Liu Yuxi, "Liu Yuxi and I have always been famous together. So he was known for his poetry, not so much for his prose.

I think there are two reasons why "The Inscription of a Poor Man's House" has been circulated and has such a great reputation: one reason is related to his attainments in poetry, and he integrated some of the skills of writing poems into the writing of the text. The other reason is its ideological connotation. In fact, if we are familiar with the Confucian classics, such as the Analects of Confucius, we will find that a lot of the Analects of Confucius is the germ of the idea of Ming of the humble abode, or even the basic framework.

The Analects of Confucius has a piece called Zihan, which says that Confucius had to migrate to a place called Jiuyi - a remote place - and someone told him, ? He said, "What is it like? He said that the environment of that place is very bad, what to do there? Life is very inconvenient. As a result, Confucius said: "Wherever a gentleman lives, how ugly is it? The place where a gentleman lives, what is so ugly about it? As long as I am a gentleman and my heart is always full and open in the face of the environment, then it doesn't matter to me whether it is good or bad, there is no question of a bad environment. In fact, even? What's so bad about it? This sentence is the "ugly room" directly absorbed over.

And similar themes in the Analects of Confucius, roughly speaking, in addition to the paragraph I just mentioned, there are at least three or four other, all very similar descriptions. For example, Confucius says that he himself ? He said, "I have a very coarse diet. He said, "I have a very coarse diet," and "I have a very coarse diet," and "I have a very coarse diet," he said. Drinking water? I have no drink, no wine; I have a very coarse diet; I have no water; I have no drink; I have no wine. I don't even have a pillow. said I didn't even have a pillow, I slept on my own arm, the living conditions were very poor;? I will have joy, and I will be happy. I will also have happiness and fulfillment in my heart; on the other hand, I will also have happiness and fulfillment in my heart. not righteous and rich and noble, in me as floating clouds? So I am pursuing a personal cultivation, a kind of internal beauty, for the external material environment I can completely ignore.

So that is to say that Confucius attached great importance to this topic, repeatedly said, the main is to say that people in the life of the value of the problem - is it valued in the material enjoyment, valued in the material conditions, or is it valued in the realm of your spirit, valued in the cultivation of your own inner self and reached the height of the personality. So Liu Yuxi's "The Inscription of the Ugly Room" is basically an artistic expression of Confucius' thoughts. So one is that the article is beautifully and well written; one is that the ideas expressed in it are part of the essence of traditional Chinese culture and are based on the classics. So it has a kind of wide circulation, has produced a great influence.

"Inscription of a humble house" is a ? The name of the book is "Mingshi" (铭). Ming? is an ancient style of writing. According to "Wenxin Diao Long" in the? The inscription is an ancient style of writing. According to the expression of this style of writing in "Wenxin Diao Long", its requirements are in two aspects: one aspect is to emphasize the conciseness of the text; the other aspect emphasizes the content, the realm, the level is relatively high. The Inscription of the Ugly Room" should say that both aspects have been achieved. There are more than eighty words, but there are a lot of connotations in it, as well as a lot of poetic sentences. All these make it unique in the world of prose.

I think there are at least two changes that are worth noting. One is that he has visualized the original rationality. Instead of saying that the environment is good or bad, or how to do it, the description of his humble abode - which is vivid and colorful - brings out the abstract truth in a very visual way.

The second is that the entire focus of his essay has shifted, not entirely on the good and bad conditions, but on the elegance and vulgarity. In fact, he depicted this? We don't see how? The ugly? to, he is only to emphasize that he is far away from the hustle and bustle of the world, is a pure land, emphasizing the elegance of the style. Then he turned this way, more suitable for readers, the scholar's interest and their value orientation. This is also a reason for his success.

So is it true that in order to reach a higher spiritual level, you have to give up material needs?

Nowadays, readers, especially young readers, may have doubts after reading this: is it that the success of my career and the cultivation of my personal character must be contradictory? Or the other way around, I just emphasize my own inner nobility, must give up a good living conditions, have to live in a 9 square meters of the house I become a noble person? There is also such a confusion. I think this issue should be viewed this way: modern people and ancient times are not the same, the actual Liu Yuxi he is not living in a very broken house, he is after all still in a considerable position.

Then the so-called? The ugly house?

Then the so-called "ugly house" is also a relative term. I think now for us, a successful life, say I have a noble sentiment, a very elegant life realm, at the same time, I have a relatively good living environment, I think this is better. However, if there is a conflict, the so-called? The fish and the bear's paw can't have both? What should we do? Then? Not righteous and rich and noble, in me like floating clouds? In this case, I think living in a small house to seek inner peace may also be a wise choice.

5. Translation: The mountain does not have to be high, with the immortal is famous. The water does not have to be deep, with the dragon is spiritual. This is a simple house, but I have a good character (it does not feel simple). The moss is green and grows to the steps, the grass is green and reflected in the curtain. Those who talk and laugh with me are learned men, and there are no unlearned men in my correspondence. You can play the simple guqin and read precious Buddhist scriptures. There is no noisy music to disturb the ears, and no official documents to tire the body and mind. It is like the hut of Zhuge Liang in Nanyang and the Xuan Ting of Yang Ziyun in Xishu. Confucius said: ? What's so humble about it?