China's poetry ranks in the top ten.

The top ten poets in China are Qu Yuan, Cao Cao, Tao Yuanming, Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Wen, Li Yu, Su Shi and Xin Qiji.

1, Qu Yuan:

Qu Yuan (340 BC-278 BC) was a poet and politician of Chu in the Warring States Period. Mi surname, Qu family, human, the word is native; Since the cloud name is regular, the spirit word is even. Born about 340 BC in Danyang, Chu (now Zigui, Hubei), he is a descendant of Qu Xian, the son of Xiong Tong.

Qu Yuan was the first great patriotic poet in the history of China.

The founder of China's romantic literature is known as "the ancestor of China's poetry" and "the ancestor of Ci and Fu". He is the founder and representative author of Chu Ci, which started the tradition of "vanilla beauty". The appearance of Qu Yuan marks that China's poetry has entered a new era from collective singing to individual originality. He was called "the soul of poetry" by later generations.

2. Cao Cao:

Cao Cao (155-0315,220), whose real name is Meng De and whose real name is Geely, was born in Pei Guoqiao County (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was an outstanding politician, strategist, writer and calligrapher, and the founder of the Cao Wei regime in the Three Kingdoms. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and Cao Cao conquered all directions in the name of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

Internally, it wiped out the separatist forces such as Er Yuan, Lu Bu, Liu Biao and Han Sui, surrendered to the southern Xiongnu, Wu Huan and Xianbei, unified the northern part of China, and implemented a series of policies to restore economic production and social order, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Cao Wei. Cao Cao was the prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty before his death, then Wang Wei, and after his death, posthumous title became King Wu.

Cao Cao is good at writing poems, expressing his political ambitions with great boldness of vision, generosity and sadness, and reflecting the miserable life of the people in the late Han Dynasty. Prose is also neat, which opens and prospers Jian 'an literature and leaves precious spiritual wealth to future generations, which is called Jian 'an style in history. At the same time, Cao Cao is good at calligraphy, especially at carving grass. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Huaiguan named it a "wonderful flower" at the end of Shu.

Tao Yuanming:

Tao Yuanming (352 or 365-427), also known as "Jing Jie", was known as Mr. Jing Jie. Chaisang people in Xunyang. A great poet and poet at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty. He served as Jiangzhou Wine Sacrifice, Jianwei Army, Zhenjun, and Pengze County Order, and the last official position was Pengze County Order. He left his post for more than 80 days and retired to the countryside.

He is the first pastoral poet in China, and is known as the "School of Ancient and Modern Hermit Poetry", with a collection of Tao Yuanming.

4. Li Bai:

Li Bai (70 1-762), whose name is Taibai, is a violet layman, also known as "fallen fairy". He was a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty, and was praised as "Poet Fairy" by later generations. It is also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. In order to distinguish it from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is cheerful and generous, loves to drink and write poems, and likes to make friends.

Li Baiyou's Collection of Li Taibai has been handed down from generation to generation, and most of his poems were written when he was drunk. His representative works include Looking at Lushan Waterfall, it is hard to go, Difficult Road to Shu, Entering Wine, Yue Nv's Poems, and the First Delivery of Baidicheng.

There are biographies of Li Bai's Ci and Fu in the Song Dynasty (such as Wen Ying's Xiang Ji). As far as its pioneering significance and artistic achievements are concerned, Li Bai's Ci Fu enjoys a high status.

5. Du Fu:

Du Fu (A.D. 7 12- A.D. 770), with beautiful words, called himself a young man with a young age. Han nationality, originally from Xiangyang, is from Gongxian County, Henan Province (now Gongyi, Henan Province). A great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty, and Li Bai are also called Du Li. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, Little Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Big Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Old Du.

Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang. Du Fu wrote such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells.

In 759, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about his life and managed state affairs. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals. The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government.

He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu.

6. Bai Juyi:

Bai Juyi (772-846), a native of Xinzheng, Henan Province, was born in Taiyuan, Lotte, Xiangshan, and drunk. He was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty and one of the three great poets in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen * * * advocated the new Yuefu movement, and together with Liu Yuxi, they called the world "Bai Yuan" and "Bai Liu".

Bai Juyi's poems have a wide range of themes, diverse forms and simple and popular language, and are known as "the poet's magic" and "the king of poets". Official to Hanlin bachelor, Zuo Zanshan doctor. In 846 AD, Bai Juyi died in Luoyang and was buried in Xiangshan. Up to now, there are Bai's "Changqing Collection", and the representative works include Song of Eternal Sorrow, Charcoal Man, Pipa Travel and so on.

7. Wen tingjun:

Wen, formerly known as Qi, was born in Qixian County, Taiyuan (now Shanxi Province). Poets and poets in tang dynasty. Wen was born in a declining aristocratic family and was the descendant of Wen Yanbo, the prime minister of the early Tang Dynasty. Rich in talent and quick thinking, every time he enters the exam, he puts on official rhyme, and eight hands make eight rhymes, so he is known as "Wen Ba Cha" or "Wen Ba Yin". However, relying on talents does not obey the rules, but also ridicules the powerful, making more taboos and being unconstrained.

Indulge in wine and let it go; Therefore, offending powerful people, trying again and again, life is bumpy and life is down and out. Tang Xuanzong tried to publish a macro theory, and Wen wrote a poem for others. He was demoted to Sui County Commandant for disturbing the Imperial Examination. Later, the secretariat of Xiangyang was appointed as the governor, and he was awarded the position of Yuan Wailang. He soon left Xiangyang and stayed in Jiangling. When Tang Yizong was a city commander, he was the teaching assistant of Guan China Zi.

Wen is proficient in temperament and is a poet. Poetry is as famous as Li Shangyin, and is called "liberal arts". His poems are gorgeous, elegant and exquisite, and the content is mostly female feelings. His words are deliberately refined, paying attention to literary talent and emotional appeal, and his achievements are above the late Tang Dynasty. He is the chief poet of Huajian School, known as the originator of Huajian School, and has a great influence on the development of Ci.

In the history of Ci, he is on par with Wei Zhuang and is called "Wen Wei". The style of writing is the same as that of Li Shangyin and Duan, ranking 16th, so they are collectively called "Thirty-six Style". Today, there are more than 300 poems, including Wen Feiqing's Notes, which was collated by Gu in Qing Dynasty. There are more than 70 ci poems, which are included in Huajian Collection and Jin Quan Ci.

8. Li Wei:

Li Yu (937-978), the sixth son of Li Jing, the ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty, was originally named Jia Cong, whose name was Chongguang, and whose name was Zhong Yin and Lian Feng lay. Born in Pengcheng (now tongshan district, Xuzhou, Jiangsu), he was the last monarch in the Southern Tang Dynasty. In the second year of Jianlong in the Northern Song Dynasty (96 1), Li Yu succeeded to the throne, respected the orthodoxy of the Song Dynasty, and paid tribute at the age of 20 to protect peace.

In October of the fourth year of Kaibao (97 1), Song Taizu destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty, and Li Yu changed his name to "Jiangnan Master" except the Tang Dynasty. The following year, he derogated from the ritual system and removed the kiss from the rostrum in Jinling (now Nanjing) to show his respect for Song Ting. In the eighth year of Kaibao (975), when he attacked Jinling, Li Yu was forced to land in the Song Dynasty and was captured in Bianjing (now Kaifeng). He was named General Wei and disobeyed orders.

On July 7th, the third year of Taiping and Xingguo (978), Li Yu died in Bianjing, known in history as Li Houzhu, Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty. Li Yu is proficient in calligraphy, painting, melody and poetry, especially in ci.

Li Yu's ci has inherited the tradition of Huajian poets such as Wen and Wei Zhuang since the late Tang Dynasty, and has been influenced by Li Jing and Feng Yansi. Its language is bright, vivid, sincere and distinctive. After the national subjugation, his ci was characterized by a wide range of themes and profound meanings, and it was unique among the five pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty, which had a far-reaching influence on the later ci circles.

9. Su Shi:

Su Shi was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan City, Sichuan Province), a native of Luancheng, Hebei Province, a writer, calligrapher, gourmet, painter and historical water control celebrity in the Northern Song Dynasty. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Shi took part in the second division of palace examination and was selected as a scholar.

In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1), he entered the third class of Chinese medicine and was awarded the judge of Fengxiang House in Dali. Song Shenzong has worked in Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was demoted to be the permanent assistant ambassador of Huangzhou because of Wutai poetry case.

After Song Zhezong acceded to the throne, he served as a bachelor of Hanlin, a bachelor of reading and a minister of rites, and was well known in Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In his later years, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou because of the ruling of the New Party. Song Huizong was granted amnesty and returned to the north, where he died. Song Gaozong posthumously awarded a surname; Song Xiaozong pursues "Wen Zhong".

Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. Vertical and horizontal text; Poetry has a wide range of themes, fresh and healthy, uses exaggerated metaphors and has a unique style. Also known as "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. The words are unconstrained style, and Xin Qiji is the representative of unconstrained style, also known as "Su Xin"? .

Prose writing is rich and unrestrained, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi's good book, one of Song Sijia; He is good at literati painting, especially ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood. Li Zhimin commented: "Su Shi is a generalist." His works include Seven Chapters of Dongpo, Dongpo Yi Zhuan, Dongpo Yuefu, Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Map, Strange Stone Map of Dead Trees, etc.

10, Xin Qiji:

Xin Qiji (165438+May 28th 040-1207-65438+1October 3rd), formerly known as Tan Fu, later changed to You 'an, No.Jiaxuan, was born in Licheng County, Jinan, Shandong Province (now Sifengzha Village, Yao Qiang Town, Licheng District, Jinan City). Bold poets and generals in the Southern Song Dynasty are known as "dragons in words". Known as "Su Xin" with Su Shi and "Jinan Er 'an" with Li Qingzhao.

Xin Qiji was born in the State of Jin. He is a teenager who resists the return of gold to Song Dynasty. He served as an envoy of Jiangxi and Fujian. He is the author of "Ten Theories on Meiqin" and "Nine Theories", which provided strategies for Chen Zhanshou. Because of disagreement with the ruling pacifists, he was impeached and resigned, living in seclusion in the mountains. Before and after the Northern Expedition, Kathy successively served as the magistrate of Shaoxing, the magistrate of Zhenjiang, and the magistrate of maize.

In the third year of the jubilee (1207), Xin Qiji passed away at the age of 68. After the gift to Shao Shi, posthumous title "Zhong Min". Xin Qiji devoted his life to recovery and self-praise, but his fate was ill-fated, he was excluded and his ambition was hard to pay.

However, his patriotic belief in restoring the Central Plains has never wavered, and his passion, concern and anxiety about the rise and fall of the country and the fate of the nation are all contained in his poems. The artistic style of his ci is diverse, mainly bold and unconstrained, with a gloomy and heroic style, but there is no lack of delicacy and femininity.

His ci has a wide range of themes, expressing patriotic enthusiasm for restoring national unity with allusions, pouring out grief and indignation, and condemning the humiliation and peace of the rulers at that time. There are also many works that praise the rivers and mountains of the motherland. There are more than 600 words, including Jia Ji and Short Sentences, which have been handed down from generation to generation.