Test Questions for Elementary School Art Teacher Recruitment

2008 Elementary School Art Teacher Recruitment Exam Review Materials I

Basic Knowledge Part.

Watercolor paints are made of glue modulation into the points of mutual seepage and melting and other conditions, showing a sense of transparency, lightness, wetness and other unique effects. European fifteenth century watercolor painting, painting with water to dissolve the pigment on paper, the use of white paper and ink began to have watercolor painting, the eighteenth century in the United Kingdom developed into an independent painting. Lay down the rubbing brush watercolor painting method with fashion beauty as a month sign is Zheng Mando.

Watercolor painting with powdered pigments (called gouache pigment or ad color) and water and painted. The colors are generally opaque, and when used appropriately, they can have both heavy and bright visual effects.

Brightness, also known as luminosity, brightness, generally refers to the amount of a certain color of light to the human eye in terms of stimulation. The greater the amount of reflection, the brighter the object, the smaller the amount of reflection, the darker the object color, the former brightness is high, the latter brightness is low. Under normal circumstances to determine the size of the reflection of the factors from the light source and the intrinsic color of the two sides, therefore, the brightness of the color also has two aspects of the meaning of the 1 by the light source to determine the same color in different intensities of light under different brightness. 2 in the same light conditions, the brightness of the different colors are also different.

The emotional symbolism of color in nature, different color changes, can make us generate different psychological feelings. People in the long-term social life and practice of different colors also gradually formed some specific meanings, feelings and psychological reactions. Such as in life, white often gives a person pure, elegant feeling; green symbolizes life, youth and peace; yellow, red gives a person gorgeous, passionate, warm feeling; blue gives a person serene, cool feeling; black is often used to show solemn, solemn and deep emotions.

Color warm and cold color warm and cold tendency is also known as "color". Color warm and cold refers to people through the visual perception of color, this feeling is people in the long-term experience of the results of association. Warm colors: red, orange, yellow, reminiscent of the sun, the flame into a warm feeling, this kind of color is called warm colors.

Cold colors: blue, blue-green, basket purple reminiscent of ice, snow, the sea, giving people a cold feeling, people make this kind of color into a cold color.

The arts and crafts are called arts and crafts for the purpose of utility and furnishing, utilizing certain material materials and technology, and designing and manufacturing material products in accordance with the principle of beauty. Arts and crafts red peony pattern cover bowl - Ming bronze galloping horse - Eastern Han Dynasty Banshan type urn - Majiayao culture tiger bird-shaped drum stand - Warring States Huanghuali inlaid nanmu throne - Ming onyx sunflower type with bracket cup - Qing Tang Sancai Baoxiang flower plate pastel hollowed out heart vase - Qianlong bamboo silk woven basket - Qing appreciate the arts and crafts beauty of modeling beauty, the beauty of the material, the beauty of the color, the beauty of the decorative beauty, the beauty of the craft How to appreciate the arts and crafts works:

The law of modeling beauty is used appropriately, structure, proportionality, shape and contour lines beautifully, reflecting the spirit of the times.

The beauty of the material through clever design and processing to reflect the beauty of the texture of the material.

Color beauty of the material's own color and additional color with the **** the same sense of beauty.

Decorative beauty of arts and crafts pattern decorative beauty, such as carving, painting and so on.

Craftsmanship beauty production skills exquisite or with a special style and give people the sense of beauty.

The four famous embroideries of the Ming and Qing dynasties: Suzhou embroidery, Cantonese embroidery, Shu embroidery and Hunan embroidery.

Colorful pottery Chinese ancient pottery with colorful patterns. Painted pigments are mainly hematite, . The combination of color, decoration and shape reflected the cultural outlook of the tribes in the ancient times, reflecting the aesthetic ability and craftsmanship of that time had reached an appreciable level.

Yangshao culture half-slope type and temple ditch type colored pottery art achievement is the most outstanding.

The colored pottery originated in the Yellow River basin, and was mostly decorated with fish patterns.

Dancing Pottery Basin, Sun Jia Zhai, Datong, Qinghai, Masterpiece of Painted Pottery of Majiayao Culture

The use of pottery can be divided into eating utensils, cooking utensils and storage utensils.

The decorations of the Chiayu and Shandingdong people show sophisticated drilling techniques, which are significant in the history of carving.

China's Oldest Decorative Objects About 28,940 Years Ago Chiyu Man Graphite Decorative Objects

Tile is a type of tile that is used to cover the eaves of a roof. Commonly referred to as half-rule or round tile head. Beginning in the Zhou Dynasty, Qin and Han Dynasty has become popular. Most of the common wadang and simple tile system together, the back section of the tile for half a cylinder, with a variety of animals, plants or text, cloud patterns and other patterns and decorations. Both practical function, but also rich in decorative beauty.

Painted porcelain appeared in the Kangxi period

Tang Sancai Tang Dynasty colorful lead glaze pottery products in general. Popular in the Sheng Tang Wu Zetian to the Middle Tang Kaiyuan, Tianbao period. Three-color glaze to white, yellow, green three glaze colors, but also a small amount of blue glaze or black glaze. Martyrdom figurines and camel and horse animals are among the finest.

Cloisonné and pinch enamel, a unique process of combining porcelain and copper. The production of cloisonné first purple copper tire, and then flat thin copper wire in the copper tire sticky pattern pattern, and then with different colors of enamel glaze inlaid filling in the pattern. After this process is completed, it is repeatedly sintered and polished and gilded. Figurines are a category of ancient burial sculpture. In ancient times, the practice of martyrdom of the living, later replaced by wood, stone, copper, pottery, and other different materials made of dolls, known as figurines.

Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Mausoleum No. 3 Military Command

"Drumming and singing terracotta warriors" East Han sculpture

"Speaking Terracotta Warriors" Sichuan East Han ceramic sculpture

Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Mausoleum art features 1 in the form of a group of carvings, the use of the many upright static body of the repetition of the grandeur of the momentum.2 advocate realism, rigorous approach, and pay attention to the portrayal of the character's mental outlook and personality traits. 3 makeup and color, painting and plastic combination, so that the image is more colorful.

Portrait stone Chinese ancient ancestral halls, tombs, stone queues, stone monuments, coffins and other stone decorative paintings. Prevalent in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It has painting, sculpture and architecture. Wide range of content, diverse forms, rich in changes in composition, high artistic value. Representatives of the Wu Liang Ancestral Temple portraits, Yinan stone tomb portraits and so on.

Portrait stone in the Western Han Dynasty

Qin and Han art both painting and sculpture are characterized by portrait stone and portrait brick.

Portrait stones were used to build tombs, sarcophagi, shrines, or stone queues.

Eastern Han Dynasty portrait stone Shandong Jiaxiang Wuliang Ancestral Hall

Horse treading on Xiongnu Western Han Huo Zaiwei tomb group carving (known as the "Han stone carvings, the spirit of deep and majestic" "for the graves of the Qilian Mountains like") of the main carvings. The author uses the allegorical technique to symbolize the Hussar General with the sturdy war horse, and the typical plot of the war horse trampling the Xiongnu generals on the ground to praise Huo Daizi's miraculous achievements in the war against the Xiongnu. This is a monumental nature of the sculpture works of art.

Yuan dynasty Yongle Palace mural, three Qing dynasty folk painter Ma Junxiang, etc., pure Yang Hall composition using a comic book expression.

The oldest mural ink Liaoning Niheliang Hongshan culture goddess temple site

Bronze began in the Yellow River basin, is red copper plus tin alloy. It is divided into four categories: ritual objects, musical instruments, weapons, tools and carriages. Among them, the ceremonial ware is the ruling stage used to distinguish between the inferiority and superiority level of the artifacts. Its varieties are tripod, beans, zun, disk, bell and so on.

Pre-Qin bronzes are categorized as ritual objects, musical instruments, weapons, tools and carriages.

Bronze ceremonial objects are used by the ruling class to distinguish between inferiority and superiority level objects. It is the main object of bronze art research in Chinese art history.

Spring and Autumn period of the bronze lotus crane square pots have social change era art characteristics.

The bronze masterpiece of the Warring States period is a large bronze chime unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Hou in Suixian County, Hubei Province.

Mosaic a mosaic art, small stones, shellfish, tiles, glass pieces and other colorful inlays pasted on the wall or floor, drawn into a pattern of an expressive technique, is highly practical decorative art.

1. Chinese painting pay attention to the use of pen and ink, including pen, brush, line, close the pen. The use of ink includes the use of ink color changes in the intensity, dryness and wetness.

2. The basic techniques of traditional Chinese painting are hooking, chapping, dotting and coloring.

3. The beauty of color in painting refers to the beauty in unity and change.

4. The difference between colors is strong contrast. 150 - 180 degrees apart in the color ring, and weak contrasts with small differences in color are 60 degrees or less apart in the color ring.

5. Art class can be divided into painting class, craft class, appreciation class, craft class often use cutting, carving, digging, gluing, joining and other methods.

6. The basic rule of perspective is that the near is big and the far is small, and it can be divided into angular perspective and parallel perspective. Angular perspective means that one corner of an object is opposite to the painter, and parallel perspective means that one side of an object is opposite to the painter.

7. To draw a good sketch of the human figure, you need to understand the general proportions of the human body, the structure and dynamic patterns, but also rely on the memory and understanding of the image.

8. Selecting the right image or object as the content of the picture is called framing composition is also called the layout or location, attention should be paid to the position of the object in the picture, space, and line color and other structural organization in the picture.

9. The characteristics of the paper cutouts are varied, simple and simple, rich in content, and highly decorative. The steps are draft, fixed draft, engraved drill cut, framed

10. The three primary colors are red, yellow and blue. The three intermediate colors are orange, green and purple.

11.

12. The three elements of color are the brightness, purity, hue, brightness is the degree of darkness and lightness of the color, hue refers to the color of its own appearance, you can add white to increase the brightness, add black to reduce the brightness.

13.

14. Chinese painting can be divided into brush painting and freehand painting in terms of expression, and can be divided into landscape painting, bird and flower painting, and figure painting in terms of expression.

15. Any object can be summarized by four basic forms: cubes, cylinders, cones and spheres.

16. The basic tone of sketching is three major surfaces and five tones. The three major surfaces are the lighted surface, the backlit surface, and the reflective surface. The five tones are light side, gray side, light and dark line, dark side, and reflection.

17. Art characters can be divided into three kinds of Song, black, variant. Bold art characters are square or rectangular in shape and have thick strokes, and the strokes are basically equal in thickness.

18. Individual pattern refers to the pattern with no connection to the surrounding pattern, it is the basic unit of the pattern. Left, right, up and down the four sides of the pattern is called the four sides of the continuous pattern.

19. Corner pattern is a pattern of decorative corners, which can be divided into symmetrical and balanced.

20. The repeated arrangement of one-part shapes in an orderly manner is called repetition, which has a sense of order and beauty.

21. The gradual and orderly change of shape is called gradual change.

22. An axis of symmetry or a center of symmetry that is the same on both sides is called symmetry, and it has an aesthetic sense of regularity, neatness and stability.

22. The height of an adult is 7.5 head lengths and that of a teenager is 6 head lengths.

23. "Three courts and five eyes" refers to the length of the figure's face is divided into three equal parts called the upper court from the hairline to the brow, the middle court from the brow to the tip of the nose, and the lower court from the tip of the nose to the lower chin

24. Sketch can be divided into structural sketches and light and dark sketches.

25. The artist who is famous for painting horses is Xu Beihong, the artist who is famous for painting shrimps is Qi Baishi, and the artist who is famous for painting bamboo is Zheng Banqiao.

26. Landscape painting method: the organization of landscape painting method has a close-up and a distant view, you can form different characteristics of the observation space. Nearby scenes can be even, chapped, dotted, colored method of specific carving. Distant scene can be brief hook, chapped, can also use the method of rendering to paint. Landscape painting steps are first based on the brewing composition, and then paint the near scene or the main scenery. Then paint the distant or accompanying scenery, and finally use thick ink to point moss or focused coloring and finishing.

27. Points and lines and surfaces make up a rich world of images and are the basic conditions for all modeling.

28. Commonly used methods of designing floral patterns include exaggeration, distortion and addition.

29. Several methods of paper-cutting are commonly used, such as yin-cutting, yang-cutting, and synthesizing method.

30.

31.An object in the outside world, projected through the pupil onto the retina of the eye becomes nearer and larger than farther.

32. New Year's paintings are one of the most popular works of art in Chinese folklore.

33.Installation art is to choose some ready-made objects, combine them and present a new image under a new title.

34. When using color and brushstrokes to express the feeling of space and distance, the colors are generally warmer in the near distance and cooler in the far distance, the colors are bright in the near distance and gray in the far distance, and the color strokes are stronger in the near distance and softer in the far distance.

35.A cow in nature is simplified, exaggerated and transformed into a series of unique artistic images under Picasso's pen.

36.Modern painting design, more widely used simplification, deformation.

37. The fan has shapes such as fan, circle and so on.

38. The world's first powered airplane was developed by the Wright brothers in the United States. Most airplanes consist of a fuselage, wings, tail, landing and other devices.

39. The original clothes and shelter of mankind are all related to wear weaving, weaving things with many kinds of materials, sometimes they are living things, sometimes they become works of art.

40. Yellow is very bright, blue is much darker, the degree of brightness of various colors is called the brightness of the color.

41.Purity is the degree of purity of a color.

42. Triangular compositions are stable, tic-tac-toe compositions are strict, S-shaped compositions are fluid, and diagonal compositions are crisp.

43. Animal feet are more sensitive, capable and important than human feet.

44. Layout design is like painting the composition, to consider the content of the primary and secondary and the picture of the gathering and dispersal, layout neat, to avoid dull, lively layout, to prevent messy and loose, colorful, do not dazzle people, the tone of the plain, do not lack of life.

45. Ancient carvings as the main body of African art, and Western art, Oriental art **** with the world's artistic treasures constitute the three treasures.

46. African carving shape rough and exaggerated, simple and generalized lines, not simply the pursuit of similarity, more emphasis on the rhythm of the work.

47. The blanks of all pottery works should be hollow and have a vent. The process of making pottery is divided into: practicing clay, making embryo, glazing and firing.

48. Tone refers to: the overall relationship between color and color on a colored picture, constituting the tone of the color, in which the main hue is dominant. Red, orange and yellow are warm colors. Blue, green and purple are cool colors.

49. The creation of standing paper modeling is basically the same as rope relief, but the material used for pasting the modeling has been changed to paper strips.

50. The common materials used to make paper plates include: cotton, window screen, leaves, fiberboard, canvas, and a variety of different papers.

51. Comprehensive paper prints is the use of collage, engraved lines, paste lines, tearing and uncovering, rubbing paper and other techniques, the integration of a variety of textured shisha materials, integrated in the same printing base plate, showing a more lively, peculiar artistic effect of the varieties of paper plates.

52. The production of paper works commonly used: cutting, folding, cutting, sticking, bending, inserting and other processing methods.

53. Night, seascape, meadow, forest ...... often painted in cool colors, quiet and deep. Evening sunsets, autumn landscapes, and harvest fields ...... are mostly in warm tones, conveying enthusiasm and warmth.

54.Dutch painter Escher's "Diversion Canal" depicts the marvelous sight of a canal flowing backwards.

55.China's Tang Dynasty has many famous ceramic works such as: "Three-color Heavenly King Maid", "Male Dancing Maid"

56.The basic elements of sketching modeling are: shape and body - shape is the flat shape of the object, the body is the volume of the object. Shape and face - face is the appearance of the object facing. Decent direction, nature, size, articulation, connection. Three or more faces converge to form a sharp angle, the raised point is the "high point" or bone point, and the concave point is the "low point" or "voxel". Line and surface - the relationship of mutual dependence. Structure and form - structure is the inner essence of form, and form is the external presentation of structure. Light and shadow tones

II. Works Writers Section

1. China:

Four Generations of Grandparents and Grandchildren--Liu Wensi The Battle of the Tunnels--Luoliu

Liu Shaoqi and the Anyuan Miners-- Hou Yimin Mao Zedong traveled all over the country--Li Qi

Ramming Song--Wang Wenbin Splashing Ink Landscape--Zhang Daqian

Pair of Prawns --Qi Baishi: Long Live the Motherland - Qi Baishi

Traveling in the Gorge - Lu Yanshao: Early Rain - Li Keran

Li Keran. -Li Keran

Group of Horses--Xu Beihong Twilight Rhythm--Li Keran

Huangshan Mountain--Liu Haisu Big Red Flower --Lin Fengmian Xian, Lotus--Pan Tianshou Hard Times--Pan He

Three Gorges Morning Sun-- Zhou Lin Dance--Ye Qianyu

Father--Luo Zhongli Autumn in the Witch Gorge--Zhang Daqian

Spring Rain on the Li River--Li Keran -Li Keran Nanchang Uprising - Lai Binghong

Picture of Riverside Scene in Qingming Festival - (Song Dynasty) Zhang Zeduan Bronze Prancing Horses - Eastern Han Dynasty

The Founding Ceremony--Dong Xiwen Cargo Figure--Li Song (Song Dynasty)

Qi Baishi Portrait--Wu Zuoren Qianli River and Mountain Picture Wang Ximeng

2. Foreign countries:

Sunflowers--Van Gogh--Netherlands Mona Lisa--Da. -Da. Finch (Italy)

Mother of God in the Chair -- Raphael -- Italy Water Lilies -- Monet -- France

2. -France

The Slender Man on the Volga - Levin (Russia) Portrait of Paul the Son - Picasso (Spain)

The Suspension Bridge at Arles - Van Gogh (Holland) --Van Gogh -- Netherlands Morning in the Pine Forest -- Shishkin -- Russia

Romanian-style shirt --Matisse (French) Calais Yimin --Rodin (French) (Sculpture)

Snowy Peaks, March --Levitan- -Russia Peach on a Chair - Matisse (French)

Maiden and Peach - Serov - Russia On the Balcony --Renoir (French)

Feeding -- Miller -- French Bread -- Kohlehuich ( Germany)

Morning - Sinew - France Princess Marguerite - Velasquez (Spain) Fresh Herring - -David - Michelangelo (Italy)

Farmhouse Backyard - Corot - France King and Queen --Moore (UK) (sculpture)

Mother of God in the Chair -- Raphael Mona Lisa -- Leonardo da Vinci (Italy)

Suspension Bridge of Al. --Van Gogh