Shooting methods and skills of different types of films with different contents

Complete works of shooting methods and techniques for different types of films with different contents.

When shooting a movie, different shooting techniques and methods should be used for different scenes in order to get a suitable picture.

Shooting beautiful scenery, China has a vast territory and rich natural resources. There are countless famous mountains and rivers, each with its own unique scenery. Here is a brief introduction to the main points of shooting scenery with DV.

Panorama and perspective view occupy an important position in the scene, and wide-angle lens has the advantages of wide field of view and large depth of field compared with standard lens, so we should make full use of this feature when shooting.

When shooting from a wide angle, it is very important to fixed the picture for a few seconds first. At the end of the shoot, there should be at least 4-5 seconds of fixed the picture, so that the whole shot will look more complete.

If you don't have a wide-angle lens and want to introduce the mountain scenery comprehensively, then you need to use DV to shoot panning and other sports. Taking the endless mountain scenery as the translation title, it can also show the characteristics of mountain peaks well and has visual impact. All the other mountains are dwarfed under the sky. ? The visual effect of.

When panning, you can start shooting from the left side of the field of vision, and then slowly and evenly turn your body to the right to complete the panning shooting of the whole mountain. When shooting, it is best not to choose the foreground, but to pay attention to guiding the audience's line of sight to the distance through distant mountains and open horizons, and to mobilize various means to express the spatial depth and three-dimensional effect.

There are two points to pay attention to when shooting: first, there should be a pause of 2-3 seconds at the beginning of the camera; Second, the camera should not move too fast, otherwise it will easily make the audience dizzy.

If you stand at the foot of the mountain, you can use a low angle to show the height of the mountain and enhance the visual effect of the picture, as shown in the attached figure. If you use the lens properly, you can shoot a picture with strong visual impact in just a few seconds. When shooting, you can use Ping She's method to shoot the situation at the foot of the mountain first, and then slowly move the lens from bottom to top until you reach the top of the mountain. A group of small lenses can take a panoramic view of the whole mountain scenery and make the mountain wind more magnificent.

Shooting the summer sky in June, July and August is the best time to shoot the sky in most parts of China. Affected by the Pacific high, cumulonimbus clouds are the most frequent period. Affected by high temperature and high pressure, the ground moisture rises rapidly and condenses into cumulonimbus clouds at high altitude. Without the special influence of high pressure ridge, a stable cloud will form between1500-7000m. If the cold air changes slightly from north to south, it will rain on the Qian Shan, and the sudden change will bring unexpected shooting opportunities. Although modern science and technology will have extremely accurate forecasts for weather monitoring, the words of our ancestors are still very useful. Something unexpected happened in the sky? . Meteorologists can tell you it's raining and windy, but they can't tell you the morphological changes of clouds. Besides, scientists are completely different from photographers. Scientists are concerned about: the rain is small, where it falls is a blessing or a curse; What the photographer cares about is: the clouds are rolling and the clouds are comfortable, and the clouds are in my heart. I forget all the humiliation. You can forget the humiliation, but the cloud has a certain method in my heart. Shooting the summer sky has its own established shooting skills. The polarizer (PL mirror) has to be used!

Shoot grassland scenery 1. Characteristics of grassland light

The scenery of grassland has average reflectivity and consistent color tone. If you don't choose the right light, it is easy to make the lines in the scene unclear or even disappear, and the picture is dull and lacks change. Therefore, it is best to choose low-angle side backlight when shooting, which is helpful to express the outline lines of the scene, form the ups and downs of light and dark tones, open the tone contrast between objects of the same color, produce projection effect, enrich the tone level of the picture and make the scene more stereoscopic.

Second, the content and method of shooting

Shake the camera. As a prologue, you can use translation to introduce the location of the event, the location and environment of the protagonist at the beginning of your Travel Notes on the Grassland. The shooting method is as follows: after choosing the shooting scene, start from the left picture, and then rotate only the waist and shoulders, but keep your feet still, so as to ensure that the shooting will not exceed the previously defined position. After that, we will shoot from the first picture to the left. Please note that the first picture and the picture on the left will stay for 5 seconds.

Shoot a horse riding with a follow-up lens. The biggest highlight on the grassland is riding a horse. The follow-up lens can show the scene of a horse running continuously and in detail, which can not only highlight the rider, but also explain his movement direction, speed, posture and its relationship with the environment. Does it always use a photo frame? Settings? Holding the moving subject, the subject is relatively stable in a certain position in the picture, which makes the viewpoint between the audience and the subject relatively stable, forms the static expression of dynamic characters or objects, makes the movement of dynamic bodies coherent and clear, and is conducive to showing the expression changes and personality characteristics of characters in the dynamic.

Shoot some special scenes. Like all kinds of flowers in the green grass, it is bright green washed by rain overnight, fuzzy and fragrant. Walking on the grassland with your bags on your back, looking for the fragrance of grassland that Xi Murong can't forget in his yellow eyes, how shocking your heart!

A bonfire party on the grassland. When night falls, you can camp on the grassland, and the bonfire party on the grassland is very interesting. In the evening, herders will light bonfires and dance Tibetan dances to create a comfortable atmosphere. It is an excellent shooting scene to shoot the smiling faces of children facing the flames. What will happen on this occasion without lighting? Program AF? The shooting form of is set to? Sunset and the moon? Mode, so that you can take beautiful images.

Third, matters needing attention

Some grasslands have a high altitude, generally around 30,004,000 meters, with sufficient sunshine and large temperature difference between day and night. It is best to prepare clothes for summer and autumn. The sunshine on the plateau is very strong, which easily burns the skin. Women had better bring a sun hat, a sun umbrella and sunscreen.

It's amazing to see beautiful flowers blooming in an instant in TV commercials. Do you know how to take such a photo? When you have your own digital camera, do you want to take such beautiful photos? Then let's start now!

First, the preparation work before shooting

You need to make corresponding preparations before each shooting, so what do you need to prepare this time? Of course, cameras are needless to say, followed by tapes and batteries. Shooting such a picture is a long-term thing, of course, it is impossible to hold it, so prepare a tripod!

Second, the camera parameter settings

At present, digital cameras provide automatic shooting functions, but these functions can only be used when you set the corresponding parameters. In this shooting, we mainly use the camera's interval shooting function, so before shooting, we need to call and set this function. Let's do it below. Before setting, let us know what is? Intermittent shooting? Intermittent shooting, also known as timed shooting, allows the camera to automatically cycle shooting-pause-shooting at regular intervals, thus compressing the long-lasting process into a relatively short time and making the shot works more concise and vivid. This shooting method is suitable for things that change with time, such as the growth process of plants, the change of chemical reaction phenomena with time, the decomposition of motion and so on. It is very unique to use this function to shoot the changes of time, flowers bloom and fall, sunrise and sunset.

Now let's take Sony camera DCR-TRV25E as an example to explain the setting method of interval shooting in detail. Note that we mainly carry out two steps: first, choose interval shooting; The second is to set the time of each shooting; The third is to set the time between two shots, as shown below:

Step 1: Press the menu key to display the menu settings when the camera is shooting;

Step 2: Select the rotary dial (SEL/PUSHEXEC dial)? CAMERASET？ , and then press dial;

Step 3: Turn the turntable to select INT. REC, and then press dial;

Step 4: Turn the dial to select SET, as shown in figure 1, and then press the dial;

Step 5: Set the shooting interval. Turn the knob to select the interval, and then press the knob to select the required time interval. There are four options to choose from: 30 seconds, 1 minute, 5 minutes, 10 minute. You can select 30 seconds, and then press the dial.

Step 6: Next, set the automatic shooting time of the camera, then turn the dial to select RECTIME, press the dial and turn the dial to select the shooting time. There are four options here: 0.5 seconds, 1 second,10.5 seconds, 2 seconds, you can choose according to your own needs.

After selection, turn the dial to select return, and finally set INT. REC switches to the on state, as shown in figure 4. Press the menu key to cancel the menu display, and the setting is complete.

Third, shoot on the spot.

After choosing the shooting location and flowers to shoot, you should first install the camera, including installing tape and batteries, and setting up a tripod. Be sure to consider the light, set up a tripod, and then put the camera on the tripod. The tripod must be stable and placed on a stable and flat surface, as far away from the earthquake source as possible (such as the road where cars are driving and vibrating machinery). If there is wind, you can add weight to the tripod to increase its stability, such as backpacks and stones, and then put the camera on the tripod.

Then aim the camera at an object (such as a flower) and arrange the picture taken by the object reasonably to make it form a perfect picture in terms of line, light and tone structure.

After the above steps, you can press it? Start/stop? Button to start shooting. Press it and the camera starts shooting. On the monitor? REC？ And then what? Interval? When the indicator light appears, the camera indicator light located in front of the camera lights up, and the video recorder starts normal recording. At this point, the video indicator in the viewfinder will light up. Show green when shooting is paused? STBY？ And still? Interval? Signs.

If you want to stop shooting, just press the video switch again? Start/stop? Just press the button. Of course, if you turn off the power and turn it on again, DV will return to the normal shooting state.

Well, through the above introduction, you have a certain understanding of the method of taking flowers Of course, the above is only an introduction to the basic shooting methods, and more hands-on and practice are needed to shoot fine and powerful works.

In the busy city life, it is rare to have a long vacation to relax and travel with DV. Use DV to record the moments in travel with moving images and share happy time with friends. Then, you should be fully prepared before using DV. For example, if a scenic spot is foggy, then you should be prepared for DV. If a scenic spot is mountainous, you should prepare a wide-angle lens as much as possible to get a wider range of scenery; If an attraction is too cold, you should be prepared to keep out the cold. In addition, we should fully understand the local customs.

First, video recording before departure

We are all very excited before departure, so we should pay attention to depicting the happy mood of the characters before departure, mainly from their expressions. At this time, you can use the random microphone of DV to dub, introduce the family or friends who travel together, explain the time, place and itinerary of the trip, and describe the background and various preparations for the trip.

When you take a photo of a tour, you should first explain the people, scenery and events, and then explain the time and place. At present, most DVs sold in the market are equipped with time and date devices, which are more convenient to use when recording. The description of the location can be directly expressed by pictures. For example, when you arrive at the railway station, you can pull out the panoramic view of the railway station from the close-up of the station stop sign. You can also use the method of fixed panorama to record the picture of the train whizzing by, and the dynamic feeling of the train speeding at this time is strongly expressed.

Second, video recording during the journey.

The purpose of a tourist camera is mainly to record what tourists see and hear in the process of traveling. During the trip, tourists have the opportunity to get in touch with all kinds of things and take all kinds of shots. Not only the documentary of tourism life with the basic contents of food, housing and behavior, but also rare animals, exotic flowers and plants, beautiful natural scenery, unique customs and places of interest can be photographed in your lens.

During the journey, you can stick the lens out of the window and record the characteristic scenery along the way to explain the main places you pass along the way. Of course, don't forget to aim the camera at your fellow travelers to set off the atmosphere of the record. After arriving at the destination, you can briefly introduce the situation along the way and explain the name, location, history and characteristics of this tourist attraction. At this time, people will show a very excited and relaxed expression, so be sure to pay attention to the video. In the process of playing, we should not only record the characteristic scenery of the tourist destination, but also record the activities of some traveling companions, especially the activities of children. Pay attention to snapping, snapping or even snapping some interesting shots, as shown in figure 1. On the return journey, you can either record some tired pictures of your fellow travelers, or aim at yourself with DV, and record your travel feelings by taking photos for later editors' reference. More importantly, this will once again set off the beauty and charming atmosphere of the scenery.

Third, the method of video recording

When shooting some wonderful scenery, the rhythm of the picture should be lyrical, and the change should be slow when pushing, pulling, shaking and moving the lens. If DV has the function of overlapping transitions, it will come in handy at this time. If you want to record spectacular, majestic and steep scenery, you can use some short shots, and the shots change quickly, thus forming a compact picture rhythm. By adding the skills of recording from two angles, that is, clever upward tilt and upward tilt, the picture will be more magnificent and full of artistic appeal.

The tourist place is nothing more than famous mountains and rivers. It is majestic, steep and broad, and has been brought into the lens by many photographers. When shooting mountain scenery, the picture is mostly set in the sky. Generally speaking, the shooting point is higher, and it is better to stand on this mountain and shoot that mountain. And pay attention to the combination of distance and close-up when shooting, so that there is a sense of hierarchy. There are many mountains near the water in the distant mountains, so it is necessary to give priority to mountains, supplemented by water.

This mountain must be higher than this river. When the mountain is near the river and far away, you should stand on the mountain, take the mountain layer as the main body, and shoot from a overlooking angle, so that the white far river appears among the mountains. If you can see ethnic minorities in mountainous areas, you should pay attention to capturing some of the most representative local sound elements and collect more local folk customs, such as ups and downs of hawking and simple folk tunes. These are all indispensable elements in DV travel notes. As for the mountains, streams, pines and birdsong recorded in the quiet nature, it is the voice of nature that purifies the soul. In addition, you can also take advantage of the features of the zoom function to take a close-up of a certain feature of the landscape first, and then use the zoom method to pull out the panoramic view of the * * * objects in the scenic spot. Is this true, too? Still life? The concrete application of this principle.

When shooting a waterscape, you can't be underexposed. Because the natural water source is often set off by the sky, the reflection is strong, just like a huge luminous body. When recording, if you rely on photometric instructions to deal with exposure, there will often be underexposure, because the brightness of the sky is very different from the general scenery. Shooting scenery at the seaside often makes the beach look empty, as shown in Figure 2. In short, we should observe more when choosing the map, and choose and arrange the foreground, middle scene and distant view appropriately.

As we all know, no matter what film and television programs are, they are all connected by a series of shots in a certain order. These shots can be continued, so that the audience can see from the film that they are integrated into a complete whole. That's because the development and change of the lens should abide by certain laws, which we will describe in detail in the following content.

(1) The combination of shots must conform to the audience's way of thinking and the law of film and television performance.

The combination of lenses should conform to the logic of life and thinking. If it is not logical, the audience will not understand. The theme and central idea to be expressed in making film and television programs must be clear. On this basis, we can decide which shots to choose and how to combine them according to the psychological requirements of the audience, that is, the logic of thinking.

(2) Do you want to change the scenery? Step by step? the method of

Generally speaking, when shooting a scene, the scene? Don't go too far, otherwise it will not be easy to connect. And vice versa? Scene? There is little change, and the shooting angle has little change, so the lens is not easy to assemble. For the above reasons, when we were shooting? Scene? Development and change need to take a step-by-step approach. Gradually changing the lenses with different visual distances can create smooth cohesion and form various montage sentence patterns.

? Progressive sentence pattern: This narrative sentence pattern refers to the transition of scenery from distant view and panorama to close-up and close-up. Used to express the development of emotions and plots from low to high.

? Backward sentence pattern: This narrative sentence pattern is from near to far, indicating that there are depressed emotions from high to low, and its performance in the film extends from details to all.

? Circular sentence: it is a combination of positive and negative sentences. Close-up from the panoramic view, then close-up from the close-up, or we can use it the other way around. Show emotions from low to high, and then from high to low. This sentence pattern is often used in film and television feature films.

When the lens is assembled, if it meets the same plane, the pictures of the same scene and the same subject cannot be assembled. Because the scene of the shot doesn't change much, a pair of pictures all look the same, as if the same shot is repeated constantly. On the other hand, when two shots with little change in position and scenery are connected together, as long as the scene in the picture changes slightly, it will jump in people's field of vision or it seems that a long shot has been broken many times, right? Latin movies? 、? Lantern? This feeling destroys the continuity of the picture.

In this case, shooting these shots from the beginning (which can solve the problem for programs with few shots) is a waste of time and financial resources for other films with the same location and the same scene. The best way is to use transitional lenses. For example, shooting from different angles and then assembling, interspersed with subtitles, so that the position and movements of the performers can be changed before assembling. In this way, the assembled picture will not feel jumping, discontinuity and dislocation.

(3) The shooting direction and axis in lens assembly are regular.

When the subject comes in and out of the picture, we need to pay attention to the general direction of shooting, shooting from one side of the axis, otherwise the two pictures will be connected. Collapse? .

So-called? Axis law? Did you take pictures? Jump axis? Phenomenon. When shooting, if the camera position is always on the same side of the main motion axis, then the motion direction and placement direction of the picture are the same, otherwise it should be? Jump axis? Well, the picture of jumping axis can't be assembled except for special needs.

(4) What should lens assembly follow? Move and follow? 、? Quiet, quiet? The law of

If the actions of the same subject or different subjects in the picture are coherent, the actions can be followed by actions to achieve the purpose of smooth and concise transition. What is this called? Move? . If the motion of the subject in the two pictures is incoherent, or there is a pause in the middle, then the combination of these two shots must be followed by a moving shot from standstill to start after the subject completes a complete action in the previous picture, that is? Quiet, quiet? . ? Quiet, quiet? When assembling, the moment when the previous shot ends and stops is called? Left picture? What's the rest moment before the next shot? Start? The interval between the start picture and the left picture is about one or two seconds. The combination of moving lens and fixed lens also needs to follow this law. If a fixed lens is followed by a swing lens, the swing lens should start from a frame; Conversely, a dithered lens is followed by a fixed lens. What about a dithered lens? Left picture? Otherwise, the picture will give people a beating visual sense. For special effects, there are also static or dynamic shots.

(5) The time length of lens assembly

When we shoot a film and television program, the length of the dead time of each shot is first determined according to the difficulty of the content to be expressed and the acceptance of the audience, and secondly, factors such as picture composition should be considered. For example, due to the different scenes selected in the picture, the content contained in the picture is also different. A picture with a large lens, such as a middle shot in a distant view, contains a lot of content, and it takes a long time for the audience to see the content clearly, while a picture with a small lens, such as a close shot and a close-up, contains less content, so the audience can see it clearly in a short time, so the picture stay time can be shorter.

In addition, other factors in a picture or a group of pictures also restrict the length of the picture. Just as the bright part of a picture attracts more attention than the dark part. Therefore, if the picture is to show the bright part, the length should be shorter, and if it is to show the dark part, the length should be longer. In the same picture, the moving part attracts people's visual attention before the static part. Therefore, if the focus is on the moving part, the picture should be shorter; When the static part is represented, the duration of the picture is slightly longer.

(6) Unity of lens combination tone

Tone refers to the black picture. The scenery on the black screen, no matter what color, is represented by many black and white levels with different soft and hard shades. For color pictures, there is another color problem besides hue. Whether it is a combination of black and white or color pictures, we should keep the consistency of tone and color. If two lens groups with strong light and dark or color contrast are connected together (except for special needs), it will make people feel stiff and incoherent, which will affect the smooth expression of the content.

(7) Camera combination rhythm

The theme, style and style of film and television programs, as well as the environmental atmosphere of the plot, the emotions of the characters and the ups and downs of the plot, are the general basis for the rhythm of film and television programs. The film rhythm is not only reflected by the actors' performance, the transformation and movement of the lens, the coordination of music and the temporal and spatial changes of the scene, but also by the combination method to strictly control the size and quantity of the lens. Reorganize and adjust the lens order, and delete redundant details. It can also be said that the combination rhythm is the last link of the overall rhythm of the teaching film.

To deal with any plot or a group of pictures of a film festival, we should deal with the rhythm problem from the content expressed in the film. If you change with a fast-paced lens in a quiet and peaceful environment, it will make the audience feel abrupt and unacceptable. However, in some rhythmic and exciting scenes, various influencing factors should be considered to make the change rate of the lens meet the psychological requirements of young viewers, so as to enhance the excitement of young viewers and achieve the purpose of attracting and imitating.

(8) Method of assembling lens

In addition to the means of optical principle, the combination of lens pictures can also be directly switched between lenses through the connection law, which makes the plot more natural and smooth. Here we introduce several effective combination methods.

? Connection and combination: A series of two or more connected shots show the action of the same theme.

? Queue connection: connected shots but not connected with the same theme. Due to the change of the subject, the audience will associate with the relationship between the upper and lower pictures, playing the role of echo, contrast and metaphor. Often can creatively reveal new meanings.

? Black and white grid combination: create a special visual effect, such as lightning, explosion, flash effect of photo studio, etc. When assembling, we can replace the parts that need to shine with white frames, assemble several black frames at the moment when various vehicles meet, or use black and white frames at an appropriate time, which will help to strengthen the rhythm of the film, render the atmosphere and enhance suspense.

? Two-stage lens combination: it is a combination mode in which the close-range lens jumps directly to the panoramic lens or switches directly from the panoramic lens to the close-range lens. This method can make the development of the plot change from dynamic to static or change in static, give the audience a strong sense of directness, form a sudden change in rhythm and produce special visual and psychological effects.

? Flashback shot combination: Using flashback shots, for example, inserting shots of characters recalling the past, this combination technique can be used to reveal the inner changes of characters.

? Same shot analysis: use the same shot in several places respectively. When using this combination technique, it is often in such consideration: or because the required picture material is not enough; Or deliberately repeat a scene to show a character's hair and memory; Or emphasize the unique symbolic meaning of a picture to print and distribute the audience's thoughts; Or to make the endings satisfy each other, so as to achieve a complete and rigorous feeling in the artistic structure.

? Splicing: Sometimes, although we shoot outdoors many times and the shooting time is quite long, the available lens is very short and can't reach the length and rhythm we need. In this case, if there are shots with the same or similar content, we can combine some of them to reach the necessary length of the program picture.

? Insert shot combination: Switch between shots and insert another shot representing a different subject. If a person is walking on the road or sitting in a car and looking out, he suddenly inserts a lens (subjective lens) representing the subjective line of sight of the character to show what the character unexpectedly sees, his intuitive feelings and the lens that causes association.

? Action combination: with the help of people, animals, vehicles, etc. Action can be related to the consistency and similarity of dynamic potential and action as a means of lens conversion.

? Close-up combination: The last shot ends with a close-up picture of a certain part (head or eyes) of a person or an object, and then starts from this close-up picture, gradually expanding the field of vision and showing the environment of another plot. The purpose is to unconsciously change the scene and narrative content without making people feel uncomfortable when the audience's attention is focused on a person's expression or something.