Ranking of western philosophers

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, the fifth of the top ten philosophers

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (1844 10 year 10/5-1August 25th, 900) was a German philosopher, linguist, cultural critic, poet, composer and thinker. His major works include The Will of Power, The Birth of Tragedy, An Inappropriate Investigation, Zarathustra, Philosophy in the Age of Greek Tragedy, and Theory of Moral Genealogy.

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Nietzsche is regarded as the pioneer of western modern philosophy, and his works have extensively criticized and discussed religion, morality, modern culture, philosophy and science. His writing style is unique and he often uses aphorisms and paradoxes. Nietzsche had a great influence on the development of later philosophy, especially on existentialism and postmodernism.

At the age of 24, Nietzsche became a professor of classical Chinese in German Department of university of basel, specializing in ancient Greek and Latin literature. However, he resigned on 1879 due to health problems and has been suffering from mental illness ever since. Nietzsche had a nervous breakdown at 1889 and never recovered. He lived under the care of his mother and sister until his death in 1900.

Jean-Jean-jean-jacques rousseau, the 6th among the top ten philosophers in the world.

Jean-Jean-jean-jacques rousseau (1765438+June 28th, 02-1July 2nd, 778) is a French enlightenment thinker, philosopher, educator, writer, democratic political critic, pioneer of romantic literature school and one of the representatives of the Enlightenment.

His major works include On the Origin and Basis of Human Inequality, On Social Contract, Emile, Confessions, Heloise's New Love, Plant Exchange and so on.

Rousseau was born in a poor family in Geneva, Switzerland, and worked as an apprentice, servant, private secretary and score scribe. I have been displaced all my life, and the preparation of the calendar is very hard. 1749 is the progress of science and art helpful to Dunhua customs? . 1762 was pursued by the French authorities for publishing On the Social Contract and Emile, and took refuge in Switzerland, Prussia and Britain successively. He died in Paris on 1778.

Georg wilhelm friedrich hegel, the seventh among the top ten philosophers in the world.

Georg wilhelm friedrich hegel (German: georg wilhelm friedrich hegel, often abbreviated as G.W.F Hegel; 1 August 27th, 770-A.D. 183 1 year 1 month14th), a German philosopher.

Georg wilhelm friedrich hegel, who was slightly later than Kant, was one of the representatives of German idealism philosophy in19th century. Hegel was born in Stuttgart, the capital of Baden-Wü rttemberg in southwest Germany today. He is the president of Berlin University (Humboldt University in Berlin today).

Many people think that Hegel's thought marks the peak of German idealistic philosophy movement in the19th century, and has a far-reaching influence on later philosophical schools, such as existentialism and Marx's historical materialism.

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What's more, because Hegel's political thought has both the essence of liberalism and conservatism, his philosophy undoubtedly provides a new way for those who feel that liberalism is facing challenges because they see its powerlessness in recognizing personal needs and embodying basic human values.

Rene descartes, the eighth among the top ten philosophers in the world.

Rene descartes (also known as rene descartes, 65438-1March 3/year/February 650 1 1) was born in the Turenara Sea in the French Antilles-Loire province (now renamed Descartes as a memorial) and died in Stockholm, Sweden, which is famous in France.

Descartes is a famous French philosopher, physicist, mathematician and theologian. He made an important contribution to the development of modern mathematics, because he formulated the geometric coordinate system and was known as the father of analytic geometry. Together with the British philosopher Francis Bacon, he initiated the "epistemological" turn of modern western philosophy.

Descartes, the representative of dualism, left a famous saying "I think, therefore I am" (or translated as "thinking is the only definite existence") and put forward the idea of "universal doubt". Descartes was one of the founders of modern European philosophy, and Hegel called him "the father of modern philosophy".

His philosophical thoughts deeply influenced later Europeans and opened up the so-called "European rationalism" philosophy. Descartes is a self-contained system, which combines materialism and idealism and has far-reaching influence in the history of philosophy. At the same time, he is a scientist who dares to explore, and his analytic geometry is of epoch-making significance in the history of mathematics.

Descartes is one of the most influential masters in the field of philosophy and science in Europe in the17th century, and is known as "the ancestor of modern science". He founded the famous plane rectangular coordinate system.

Francis Bacon, the ninth among the top ten philosophers in the world.

Francis Bacon (156 1- 1626), the first viscount St. Alben (1 St. Alban), was an English essayist and philosopher during the Renaissance.

British materialist philosopher, founder of experimental science, founder of modern induction and pioneer of logical organization of scientific research procedures. His major works include New Tools, On the Progress of Science and The Great Rejuvenation of Learning.

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Bacon/Kloc-entered Cambridge University at the age of 0/2, and later served as the Queen's special legal adviser, the chief prosecutor of the Imperial Court and the minister in charge of seals. In his later years, he was driven out of the court by the court plot, divorced from his political career, devoted himself to academic research and writing activities, and wrote a number of works with great influence in the history of modern literary thought, the most important of which was "On Reviving New Tools".

In addition, from the perspective of a philosopher, he thought about a wide range of life problems, wrote many short and lively essays, and integrated Bacon's prose. 1626 At the end of March, Bacon caught a cold in the experiment because of his weak body, and his bronchitis recurred and his condition deteriorated. 1626 died in the early morning of April 9.

Top ten philosophers in the worldNoNo. 10/0 John Locke

John Locke (1August 29th, 632-17041October 28th) is a British philosopher. On the theory of knowledge, Locke, george berkeley and david hume are listed as the representatives of British empiricism, but he also made important contributions to the theory of social contract.

He developed a set of theories different from Thomas Hobbes's natural state, and thought that the government's rule was justified only if it obtained the consent of the governed and guaranteed the people's natural rights to life, freedom and property. Locke believes that a social contract can only be established with the consent of the ruled. Without such consent, the people have the right to overthrow the government.

Locke's thought has a great influence on the development of political philosophy in later generations, and is generally regarded as the most influential thinker and liberal in the Enlightenment. His works also greatly influenced Voltaire and Rousseau, as well as many thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment and the founding fathers of the United States. His theory is reflected in the American Declaration of Independence.

Locke's theory of spiritual philosophy is generally regarded as the founder of "ontology" and self-theory in modernism, and also influenced the later works of david hume, Jean-Jacob Rousseau and Emmanuel Kant.

Locke was the first philosopher to define self-concept with continuous consciousness, and he also put forward the hypothesis that the mind is a "whiteboard". Unlike Descartes or Christian philosophy, Locke believes that people are born without any memories and thoughts.